乙醇胺与胜坨油田坨28 区块原油活性组分 相互作用对动态界面张力的影响

为明确胜坨油田坨28区块原油中活性组分与有机碱乙醇胺间的相互作用对动态界面张力的影响,采用SARA四组分分离方法对坨28区块原油进行分离,获得饱和分、芳香分、胶质和沥青质等组分;利用醇碱萃取法获得酸性组分;通过旋转滴界面张力仪测定了乙醇胺与坨28区块原油活性组分模拟油间的动态界面张力。研究结果表明:酸性组分是原油的主要活性组分,其质量分数及结构对有机碱与原油间界面张力的行为具有关键性影响,体系动态界面张力的最低值可达10-2m N/m数量级;酸性组分质量分数越大,低界面张力维持时间越长。对于坨28区块原油,与乙醇胺作用的难易顺序为:酸性组分最强,胶质次之,沥青质、饱和分和芳香分与之作用比较微弱。     

胜利原油活性组分对其与烷基苯磺酸盐溶液组成的体系油-水界面张力的影响

 采用柱色谱四组分分离方法(SARA)对胜利原油进行分离,依次得到沥青质、饱和分、芳香分和胶质;采用碱醇液法萃取胜利原油得到其酸性组分,测定了各原油活性组分模拟油与烷基苯磺酸盐配制的系列标准溶液组成体系的油-水界面张力。结果表明,原油的酸性组分在低质量分数时通过改变油相的等效烷烃碳数（EACN）影响体系的油-水界面张力;高质量分数时则与表面活性剂混合吸附,使得体系油-水界面张力大幅度升高。胶质对其模拟油-表面活性剂标准溶液体系的油-水界面张力的影响与酸性组分的规律一致;沥青质的界面活性弱于酸性组分,混合吸附能力较弱,高质量分数时使体系油-水界面张力小幅度升高;饱和分和芳香分只影响油相的性质。     

固体颗粒对O／W乳状液稳定性的影响研究

采用界面张力仪、表面粘弹性仪和Zeta电位仪研究了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)溶液与大庆原油模拟油之间界面性质以及固体颗粒对这些界面性质的影响.结果表明,含100 ms/L的HPAM溶液中加入固体颗粒后,聚合物溶液与原油模拟油之间的界面张力上升,界面剪切粘度下降,但随着固体颗粒浓度的增加,聚合物溶液与原油模拟油间的界面张力和界面剪切粘度基本保持不变.在聚合物溶液中加入固体颗粒后,其与原油模拟油形成的O/W乳状液稳定性变差,乳状液内部油珠表面Zeta电位负值增加.O/W乳状液的稳定性取决于油水界面剪切粘度和Zeta电位的双重影响.     

乳化剂对超稠油四组分乳化性能的影响

通过乳状液透光率和界面张力考察胜利油田罗家超稠油极性四组分质量分数为2％的甲苯模型油加OP乳化剂前后与地层水、碱水的乳化性能，发现乳化荆对四组分都起到了强烈的乳化促进作用。加200mg／LOP乳化荆后，四纽分模型油透光率变化由大到小的顺序是：沥青质〉芳香分〉肢质≈饱和分；与地层水的界面张力降幅由大到小的顺序是：饱和分≈胶质〉芳香分〉沥青质：与碱水的界面张力降幅由大到小的顺序是：沥青质〉饱和分≈胶质〉芳香分。0P乳化荆使W／O型乳状液转变为0／W型，提高了稠油乳化程度，便于稠油的化学乳化开采和输送。     

石油磺酸盐弱碱体系采出液分离及影响因素

跟踪石油磺酸盐弱碱体系三元复合驱矿场试验主段塞注入阶段,对采出液进行了系统研究,模拟了碱、表面活性剂和聚合物对采出液油水分离特性的单一和协同影响。结果表明:碱与原油中的天然物质反应生成界面活性物质,降低油水界面张力,使原油乳状液乳化强度增大,O/W型乳状液中的分散相油珠粒径显著下降,稳定性增强;在低表面活性剂质量浓度下,活性剂吸附到油水界面上顶替了部分原油中的天然表面活性物质及碱与原油反应生成的界面活性物质,插入到油水界面上胶质和沥青质聚集体之间,降低了胶质和沥青质聚集体之间的作用力,但加强了界面黏弹性,使原油乳状液稳定性增强;聚合物使水相具有黏弹性,使得水滴难以破裂,导致原油乳状液中水滴尺寸增大,稳定性下降。     

胜利原油活性组分对原油-甜菜碱溶液体系油-水界面张力的影响

采用传统的柱色谱四组分分离方法（SARA）将胜利孤岛原油分离得到沥青质、饱和分、芳香分和胶质,采用碱醇液法萃取原油得到酸性组分。测定了正构烷烃、煤油以及原油活性组分模拟油与2种不同疏水结构的甜菜碱溶液组成的体系的油 水界面张力。结果表明,在原油活性组分模拟油 甜菜碱溶液体系中,直链甜菜碱由于疏水基团较小,与原油活性组分尤其是酸性组分和胶质发生正协同效应的混合吸附,使油 水界面上表面活性剂分子的含量增加,界面膜的排布更紧密,导致油 水界面张力降低;支链甜菜碱由于具有较大尺寸的疏水基团,煤油中少量的活性物质即可将油 水界面张力降至超低(<10-3 mN/m),而原油活性组分的加入,则使界面上表面活性剂分子的排布被破坏,削弱了界面膜原有的紧密性,导致油 水界面张力大幅度升高。     

水包稠油乳状液稳定性研究Ⅲ.稠油官能团组分与极性组分的油-水界面张力考察

从稠油官能团组分与极性组分油…水界面张力的角度,研究了稠油各组分的界面活性及其在水包油型乳状液中的作用机理和影响因素.测定了官能团四组分以及极性四组分的油-水界面张力,考察了组分浓度、水相pH值、温度、盐度等因素对油-水界面张力的影响.结果表明,稠油极性四组分的甲苯溶液-水的界面张力大小顺序为饱和分>芳香分>胶质>沥青质;官能团四组分的顺序为中性分>碱性分>酸性分和两性分.酸性分、两性分及沥青质均具有低界面张力的特性,尤其在碱性(pH=11～12)条件下,界面张力很低,是稠油中主要的界面活性组分.碱性条件下更有利于O/W型超稠油乳状液的稳定.官能团组分更能揭示稠油中活性组分的内在本质.     

水包稠油乳状液稳定性研究：Ⅲ．稠油官能团组全与极性组分的油—水界面张力考察

从稠油官能团组分与极性组分油－水界面张力的角度,研究了稠油各组分的界面活性及其在水包油型乳状液中的作用机理和影响因素。测定了官能团四组分以及极性四组分的油－水界面张力,考察了组分浓度,水相pH值,温度,盐度等因素对油－水界面张力的影响。结果表明,稠油极性四组分的甲苯溶液－水的界面张力大小顺序为：饱和分＞芳香分＞胶质＞沥青质;官能团四组分的顺序为：中性分＞碱性分＞酸性分和两性分。酸性分,两性分及沥青质均具有低界面张力的特性,尤其在碱性（qH=11-12)条件下,界面张力很低,是稠油中主要的界面活性组分。碱性条件下更有利于O／W型超稠油乳状液的稳定。官能团组分更能揭示稠油中活性组分的内在本质。     

强碱三元复合体系与大庆原油乳化作用

通过收集喇嘛甸、萨尔图和杏树岗等油田水驱目的层原油进行组分分析,开展了强碱三元复合体系与原油乳状液稳定性、药剂在油相中损耗量以及碱、表面活性剂和聚合物对乳状液稳定性影响研究。结果表明:喇嘛甸油田原油黏度、含蜡量和含胶量较高且酸性活性组分种类和数量较多,碱在油相中损耗量较多,乳状液稳定性较强;当原油中重质组分含量较高且碳链分布范围较广时,重烷基苯磺酸盐类表面活性剂在原油中损耗较大,乳状液稳定性较强;单一碱液与原油作用生成W/O型乳状液,"碱/表面活性剂"二元和"碱/表面活性剂/聚合物"三元复合体系与原油作用生成O/W型乳状液。     

胜利孤东原油中酸性组分的分离,分析及界面活性

用溶剂萃取法从胜利孤东原油中萃取、浓缩出含有机酸的活性组分，用柱色谱分离成窄馏分并进行了波谱鉴定。考察了胜利孤东原油及萃取出酸性活性组分的剩余油与碱水溶液的乳化性质和界面张力性质。结果表明，萃余油失去了原油所具有的与碱水间的良好乳化性质和低界面张力性质，但与复合驱油体系间仍能产生明显的乳化作用     

Effect of Alkali on Daqing Crude Oil/Water Interfacial Properties

Alkaline-surfactant-polymer(ASP)flooding using sodium hydroxide as the alkali component to enhance oil recovery in Daqing Oilfield,northeast China has been successful,but there are new problems in the treatment of produced crude.The alkali added forms stable water-in-crude oil emulsion,hence de-emulsification process is necessary to separate oil and water.The problems in enhanced oil recovery with ASP flooding were investigated in laboratory by using fractions of Daqing crude oil.The oil was separated into aliphatics,aromatics,resin and asphaltene fractions.These fractions were then mixed with an additive-free jet fuel to form model oils.The interfacial properties,such as interfacial tension and interfacial pressure of the systems were also measured,which together with the molecular parameters of the fractions were all used to investigate the problems in the enhanced oil recovery. In our work,it was found that sodium hydroxide solution reacts with the acidic hydrogen in the fractions of crude oil and forms soap-like interfacially active components,which accumulate at the crude oil-water interface.     

原油乳状液油-水界面上活性物的结构和活性

通过综合的方法分离出大庆原油和胜利原油乳状液油-水界面上的活性物，用元素分析、红外、核磁、色质联用等方法分析其化学结构，并在油饿水模型体系中测定了它们的动态界面张力，考察其化学结构与界面活性之间的关系。结果表明，水相的pH值影响原油中的含氧化合物在油．水界面膜上的吸附；沥青、胶质和蜡是界面活性物的主要成分，对油-水界面膜的形成和稳定起着重要的作用；原油的酸性组分对油-水界面膜的动态界面张力有着决定性的影响。     

重烷基苯磺酸盐溶液中混合无机碱对大庆原油界面流变性质的影响

为阐明碱对化学驱体系界面性质的影响规律,利用振荡滴方法系统研究了重烷基苯磺酸盐与大庆原油间的界面扩张流变性质,考察了无机碱对重烷基苯磺酸盐 大庆原油界面性质的影响。研究发现,重烷基苯磺酸盐分子与大庆原油中活性组分混合吸附,形成具有一定强度的界面膜,界面扩张模量和相角随重烷基苯磺酸盐质量分数的增加变化较小。无机碱与大庆原油中的石油酸作用,随碱质量分数增大和碱性增强,界面膜强度不断增大。NaOH与重烷基苯磺酸盐之间存在协同效应,明显增大界面扩张模量,有利于原油乳化;而Na2CO3和NaHCO3破坏重烷基苯磺酸盐界面膜的结构,造成界面扩张模量降低。     

Influence of surfactants used in surfactant-polymer flooding on the stability of Gudong crude oil emulsion

The influences of an anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, used in surfactant-polymer flooding in Shengli Gudong oilfield, East China, on the interfacial properties of Gudong crude model oil and synthetic formation water was studied by measuring interfacial tension, interfacial viscoelasticity and Zeta potential. The influence of the surfactants on the stability of Gudong water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions was evaluated by separating water from the W/O emulsion and residual oil in the aqueous phase of the O/W emulsion respectively. The results showed that the two kinds of surfactants, namely anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, are both able to decrease the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the aqueous phase and increase the surface potential of the oil droplets dispersed in the O/W emulsion, which can enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W crude oil emulsions. Compared with petroleum sulfonate, the anionic-nonionic composite surfactant is more interfacially active and able to enhance the strength of the interfacial film between oil and water, hence enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W emulsions more effectively.     

Interfacial properties of Daqing crude oil-alkaline system

The oil/water interfacial properties of crude oil emulsions formed by alkaline/surfactant/ polymer（ASP） flooding in the Daqing Oilfield were investigated in this paper by the measurement of interfacial tension,interfacial shear viscosity and Zeta potential of the oil/water system.The result showed that both NaOH and Na₂CO₃ could react with acid substances in the crude oil to produce interfacially active components,which are adsorbed on the interfaces between the aqueous phase and oil phase, resulting in a decrease of the interfacial tension,negatively charging the surface of oil droplets,but making little change in the interfacial shear viscosity.For the same ionic strength of NaOH and Na₂CO₃, the interfacial tension of NaOH solution-crude oil system is lower,but the interfacial shear viscosity of NaOH solution-crude oil system is higher,than that of Na₂CO₃ solution-crude oil system.The negative value of the Zeta potential on the surface of the oil droplets is large.Accordingly,the O/W emulsion of NaOH solution-crude oil system is more stable than that of Na₂CO₃ solution-crude oil system.     

Influence of polymers on the stability of Gudao crude oil emulsions

The influence of different types and concentrations of polymers on the stability of Gudao crude oil emulsion was investigated by measuring the volume of water separated from the emulsions and the interfacial shear viscosity of the oil/water interfacial film. Experimental results indicate that the simulated water-in-oil emulsion with 40 mg/L of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide （HPAM） 3530S could be easily broken by adding demulsifier C and was readily separated into two layers. However, HPAM AX-74H and hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer （HAP） could stabilize the crude oil emulsion. With increasing concentration of AX-74H and HAP, crude oil emulsions became more stable. Water droplets were loosely packed in the water-in model oil emulsion containing HPAM 3530S, but water droplets were smaller and more closely packed in the emulsion containing AX-74H or HAP. The polymers could be adsorbed on the oil/water interface, thereby increasing the strength of the interracial film and enhancing the emulsion stability.     

原油减压渣油馏分的油-水界面性质Ⅺ.伊朗轻质减压渣油和大庆减压渣油乳状液的粒度特征

采用动态光散射法研究了伊朗轻质减压渣油和大庆减压渣油模拟乳状液的粒度特征。研究表明，伊朗轻质减压渣油和大庆减压渣油模拟乳状液的初始粒径较小，粒度分布较窄；随着时间的延长，其粒径逐渐增大，粒度分布变宽；随着馏分增重或体相质量浓度的增加，模拟乳状液的初始粒径增大。随着油相中芳烃含量增加，伊朗轻质减压渣油和大庆减压渣油中重馏分模拟乳状液的初始粒径增大，而大庆减压渣油轻馏分模拟乳状液的初始粒径减小。随着水相中碱或盐的加入，伊朗轻质减压渣油和大庆减压渣油模拟乳状液的初始粒径均增大。     

EFFECT OF ASPHALTENE AND RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF WATER-IN-WAXY OIL EMULSIONS

Asphaltene, resins and paraffin waxes, their mutual interactions and their influence on the stability of water-in-oil emulsions have been studied. 20 wt % paraffin wax dissolved in decalin was used to model the waxy crude oil. Asphaltene and resins separated from a crude oil were used to stabilize the water-in-oil emulsions. Synthetic formation water was utilized as the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The emulsion stability increased with increasing the concentration of asphaltene with a subsequent decrease in the average particle size distribution of the emulsion. Resins alone are not capable of stabilizing the emulsion, however, in the presence of asphaltene they form very stable emulsions. Dynamic viscosity and pour point measurements provided evidence for resins-paraffin waxes interactions. Asphaltene in the form of solid aggregates form suitable nuclei for the wax crystallites to build over with a mechanism similar to that of paraffin wax crystal-modifiers. As asphaltene are polar in nature they are derived at the oil/water interface which was proved by the ability of asphaltene to reduce oil/water interfacial tension. Consequently, nucleation of the wax crystallites by asphaltene and resins at the interface will add to the thickness of the oil-water interfacial film and hence increase the stability of the emulsion.     

原油氨基酸在碱液中的乳化性能

考察了辽河、克拉玛依、胜利3个油田6个Lin选的原油氨基酸与碱液的乳化性能。辽河、克A、克B、孤岛、胜坨Ⅰ、胜坨Ⅲ原油氨基酸馏分均使同一原油不乳化馏分与碱液形成体系的界面张力升高。