组合工艺处理高浓度日用化工废水

采用"厌氧-接触氧化-臭氧-曝气生物滤池"组合工艺处理高浓度日用化工废水.废水中CODCr从进水5000 mg/L降到出水＜80 mg/L,BOD5从进水1100 mg/L降到出水＜20 mg/L,处理效率＞98%,排放水质达到广州市污水排放一级标准(DB 4437-1990).废水处理站的长期实际运行结果表明,高效的厌氧处理和臭氧-曝气生物滤池深度处理系统是该工艺处理高浓度废水稳定达标的关键.     

臭氧—曝气生物滤池深度处理印染废水研究

印染废水经物化和生化二级处理后,剩余部分可溶性难降解COD难以用常规方法去除。文章以臭氧氧化组合曝气生物滤池工艺处理上述废水,对臭氧投加量、氧化时间、曝气生物滤池停留时间、滤料选型做了多方面研究,最终结果表明:当臭氧投加量为40~50 mg/L,曝气生物滤池停留时间为3 h的条件下,经"臭氧+火山岩陶粒曝气生物滤池"工艺处理后COD平均值由95.9 mg/L降至55.3 mg/L,为该工艺的工程应用积累了理论基础。     

臭氧-曝气生物滤池在石化仓储废水中的应用

介绍了采用臭氧-曝气生物滤池(O3-BAF)工艺应用于东莞某石化仓储企业废水处理的工程实例。运行结果表明:使用隔油气浮/生物流化床/厌氧消化/臭氧-曝气生物滤池/曝气生物滤池的组合工艺对清洗废水进行处理后,在进水COD 1500 mg/L左右的情况下,出水COD达到低于90 mg/L,最终出水水质达到广东省《水污染物排放限值》(DB44/26-2001)中一级排放标准,可做为中水回用。该处理工艺具有占地面积小、运行稳定、成本低、操作维护简便等特点,具有明显的环境、经济和社会效益。     

锦州采油厂废水二级出水深度处理研究

采用"悬浮填料浮动床-曝气生物滤池—加药絮凝—纤维束过滤"工艺对锦州采油厂采油废水二级出水进行中水回用深度处理研究。结果表明,出水COD保持在20mg/L以下,氨氮小于0.025mg/L,磷含量在0.2mg/L左右,pH值在6～9中性范围内。该工艺处理效果稳定,工艺耐冲击负荷强,处理成本低。出水各项指标符合回用标准,可以作为锦州采油厂二级出水深度处理回用工艺。     

A/O/BAF工艺处理日化厂废水回用工程实例

采用"厌氧——接触氧化——曝气生物滤池"组合工艺处理日用化工废水。废水CODcr从进水1000 mg/L左右降到50 mg/L以下,BOD5从进水400 mg/L左右降到10 mg/L以下,处理效率均达到了95%以上,出水水质达到《城市再生利用水回用标准》GB/T 18920-2002。通过工程的长期实际运行表明,高效的厌氧系统和曝气生物滤池深度处理系统是该工艺处理稳定的关键。     

曝气生物滤池-臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池组合工艺对印染废水的深度处理

采用曝气生物滤池(BAF)-臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池三段组合工艺对二级生化后的印染废水进行深度处理,进水COD为90～150 mg/L,色度为16-32倍,经该工艺处理后的出水COD<35 mg/L,去除率>75%,色度降到4倍以下.工程运行实践表明,该深度处理系统运行稳定,处理效率高,出水水质达到印染场洗水工序对水质的要求.     

一体化O_3-BAF深度处理生物柴油废水

采用一体化臭氧曝气生物滤池(O_3-BAF)工艺对二级生化处理后的石化废水进行深度处理,进水COD为100~120 mg/L,气水比为3∶1~4∶1,臭氧投加量为15~25 mg/L,处理后出水COD50 mg/L,氨氮5 mg/L,各项出水水质指标均能达到《辽宁省废水综合排放标准》(DB 21/1627—2008)一级标准。     

臭氧-曝气生物滤池工艺深度处理石化废水

采用臭氧-曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺对广东某石化废水经一般生化处理后进行深度处理,以提高废水的可生化性,探讨了废水的初始pH、臭氧投加量和催化剂等因素对臭氧氧化的影响,以及曝气生物滤池不同停留时间对废水COD去除率的影响。结果表明,进水COD约60~80 mg/L,臭氧投加量55.56 mg/L,BAF水力停留时间1.5 h,经组合工艺处理后出水COD低于30 mg/L,达到中水回用标准。     

纺织印染废水深度处理与回用实例

采用"一体臭氧曝气生物滤池+曝气生物滤池(BAF)"组合工艺,对纺织印染废水进行预处理,联合后续膜分离工艺以实现中水回用,处理水量为5 000 m3/d。设计运行条件下,臭氧曝气生物滤池最佳臭氧投加量为20-30mg/L,预处理系统出水COD<40 mg/L、BOD<10 mg/L、SS<10 mg/L、色度<4倍;反渗透产水可作为染整工艺用水,膜滤浓缩液可达标排放。工程实践证明,该联合工艺可实现对纺织印染废水的深度处理与高质回用,并解决了膜滤浓缩液的处理难题,具有推广应用价值。     

印染废水深度处理及回用

针对印染纺织废水稳定回用系统的浓水处理和脱盐问题,选用预处理系统(臭氧-曝气生物滤池一体化装置+曝气生物滤池)和膜系统(超滤+反渗透)的组合工艺,对印染纺织废水进行深度处理及回用。预处理较佳的工艺运行参数为:曝气生物滤池气水比为5,有机负荷分别约为2.1、1.0 kg(COD)/m3.d,溶解氧质量浓度为3.8 mg/L,水温35～40℃;臭氧投加量为20～30 mg/L。二级生化出水经预处理系统后,出水COD质量浓度平均值可降至27.4 mg/L,浊度为4.2 NTU,SS为3.0 mg/L,氨氮0.7 mg/L,色度2倍,再经过膜系统深度处理,淡水出水pH7.4～7.9,电导率50～200μs/cm,总硬度2～10 mg/L,总碱度25～60 mg/L,膜系统产水达到回用标准。测定浓水pH7.3～8.3,色度32倍,CODCr45.7～97.9 mg/L,可直接达标排放,保证系统稳定运行。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.