表面诱导沉淀法制备Al2O3-ZrO2纳米复合粉体

采用表面诱导沉淀法,制备了Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－ＺｒＯ_２（１５ｖｏｌ％）纳米复合粉料,利用透射电子显微镜对其形貌进行了表征．结果表明：在ｐＨ＝５时,可以使ＺｒＯ_２前驱体均匀地包裹在Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３颗粒表面,经过８００℃煅烧之后,Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３颗粒表面均匀地结合着粒径约为３０ｎｍ的ＺｒＯ_２颗粒,ＺｒＯ_２颗粒尺寸均匀．该粉体经过２４ｈ球磨和超声波处理之后,未发生ＺｒＯ_２颗粒脱落现象,表明ＺｒＯ_２颗粒与Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３颗粒表面结合紧密．     

共沉淀法制备YAG-Al2O3纳米复合粉体

本文采用共沉淀法制备了ＹＡＧ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３纳米复合粉体．并通过ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ详细研究了粉体组成、形貌随煅烧温度的变化．研究表明,在１３００℃下煅烧可获得ＹＡＧ粒径约１００ｎｍ、分散均匀、无杂相的ＹＡＧ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３纳米复合粉体．粉体在１４５０℃可热压烧结致密,远低于文献报道的热压烧结温度１６００℃．用共沉淀法制备ＹＡＧ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３纳米复合粉体具有成本低、产量高和工艺简单的优点．     

共沸蒸馏法制备超细氧化铝粉体及其表征

用改进的溶胶－凝胶法（ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ）制备了单分散纳米级Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３粉体,研究了不同干燥方法对产品粒子性能的影响．结果表明,共沸蒸馏法能够有效地对氢氧化铝凝胶脱水,防止了硬团聚体的形成．在１１５０℃的温度下煅烧,可制得尺寸分布均匀、呈球形的α－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３超细粉体,其平均粒径为６８ｎｍ．以透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）、Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）、热重（ＴＧ）、差热（ＤＴＡ）、比表面测定（ＢＥＴ）等手段对所得的超细Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３粉体进行了表征．     

CoxR1-xAl2O4(R=Zn,Mg)钴蓝颜料反射性能的研究

采用化学共沉淀法成功地制备出适用于彩电显象管内荧光体着色的Ｃｏ_ｘＲ_１－ｘＡｌ_２Ｏ_４（Ｒ＝Ｚｎ、 Ｍｇ, ｘ＝０．８～１．０）钴蓝颜料： ４５０ｎｍ波长处反射率最大提高１８．２％, ６００ｎｍ处反射率最大降低５％。通过对该颜料反射率的影响因素,如掺杂离子类型、掺杂浓度和Ｃｏ^２＋离子浓度的探讨,结论如下：Ｚｎ^２＋、Ｍｇ^２＋改变钴蓝颜料反射性能的作用机理为晶格畸变引起Ｃｏ^２＋３ｄ轨道电子能级分裂程度的变化;对于掺杂离子Ｚｎ^２＋、Ｍｇ^２＋,ｘ下限值分别约为０．８５和０．８．     

溶胶-凝胶Al2O3-ZrO2涂层与工程陶瓷的界面结构

采用无机盐先驱体,溶胶－凝胶工艺在氧化铝基工程陶瓷基体上成功制备了Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－ＺｒＯ_２徐层．扫描电子显微镜、Ｘ射线衍射、二次离子质谱分析表明：涂层完整,晶粒均匀,主要成份为α－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３和ｔ－ＺｒＯ_２;徐层与基体结合紧密,两者存在着明显的元素扩散．     

非均相沉淀法制备Al2O3-YAG复相陶瓷

本文测量了ＹＡＧ粉体的ξ电位,通过调节ｐＨ值获得均匀分散的ＹＡＧ水悬浮液．采用非均相沉淀方法获得ＹＡＧ分布均匀的Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－ＹＡＧ复合粉体．通过热压烧结得到致密烧结体,ＹＡＧ的加入对烧结温度的影响不大．Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－５ｖｏｌ％ＹＡＧ复相陶瓷的抗弯强度为４８５ＭＰａ,断裂韧性为４．２ＭＰａ·ｍ^１／２,均高于单相Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３陶瓷,数据的重复性好于球磨混合所制备的样品．通过ＴＥＭ观察,ＹＡＧ颗粒均匀分布于整个样品中,表明通过非均相沉淀制粉可以获得ＹＡＧ颗粒分布均匀的Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－ＹＡＧ复相陶瓷．     

二步煅烧法制备超细α-Al2O3粉

经由二步煅烧法制备了超细α- Ａｌ_２ Ｏ_３ 粉 Ｘ Ｒ Ｄ 分析说明所制备的粉是α相, Ｔ Ｅ Ｍ 观察到其一次粒子尺寸在８０ ～１００ｎｍ 间, 形貌较规则     

La2O3在MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2微晶玻璃中的作用

在ＭｇＯ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－ＳｉＯ_２－ＴｉＯ_２玻璃中添加不同数量的氧化镧,采用差热分析、Ｘ射线衍射及电子显微镜等技术研究了氧化镧对玻璃析晶过程与力学性能的影响．氧化镧的加入使玻璃中析出α－堇青石相的温度降低;同时避免了高膨胀方石英相的析出．随着氧化镧加入量的增加,玻璃整体析晶能力下降,微晶玻璃中晶相含量减少,晶粒尺寸增大,微晶玻璃的弹性模量与硬度减小,断裂韧性增加,体现出大尺寸长柱状金红石晶粒的增韧作用．     

高分子网络凝胶法制备纳米α-Al2O3粉体

用高分子网络凝胶法制备Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３粉体,通过网络的阻碍作用,阻止Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３的团聚,获得颗粒大小在 １０ｎｍ左右的α－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３粉体,其煅烧温度比通常低 １００℃．     

γ-Al2O3纳米粉对氧化铝纤维烧结行为的影响

研究了纳米γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３粉末对氧化铝纤维烧结行为的影响．在纤维挤压成型过程中,纳米粉体填入到微米颗粒形成的孔隙中,当加入量为 ４０ｗｔ％时,纤维素坯相对密度由 ６５％提高到８０％。由于成型密度高、气孔分布窄、孔径小而有利于烧结,在较低的烧结温度下可以达到理论密度．全部采用纳米γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３粉挤压的纤维烧结后具有较大的径向收缩率,在１２００℃烧结即可达到完全致密．     

Sintering Behavior and Microwave Dielectric Properties of MgTiO3 Ceramics Doped with B2O3 by Sol-Gel Method

The B2O3-doped MgTiO3 powders and ceramics have been prepared by sol-gel method using Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, Ti(C4H9O)4 and H3BO3 as the starting materials. The sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of ceramics prepared from powders with different particle sizes were investigated. The gels were calcined at 650, 700, 750, 800, 850 and 900 C and the derived particle sizes of powders were 20-30 nm, 30-40 nm, 40-60 nm, 60-90 nm, 90-120 nm and 120-150 nm, respectively. The nanoparticles with the size of 30-60 nm benefited the sintering process with high surface energy whereas nanoparticles with the size of 20-30 nm damaged the microwave dielectric properties due to the pores in the ceramics. The addition of B2O3 used as a liquid sintering aid reduced the sintering temperature of MgTiO3 ceramic, which was supposed to enter the MgTiO3 lattice and resulted in the formation of (MgTi)2(BO3)O phase. The B2O3-doped MgTiO3 ceramic sintered at 1100 C and prepared from the nanoparticles of 40-60 nm had compact structure and exhibited good microwave dielectric properties: εr=17.63, Q × f=33,768 GHz and τ f= 48×10 6 C 1.     

Sol-gel synthesis of luminescent InP nanocrystals embedded in silica glasses

III-V semiconductor nanocrystals rarely exist as spherical inclusions inside glasses, due to difficulties during their preparation, such as high toxic reagents or fast oxidation under usual glass technology temperatures. In this letter a sol-gel method for synthesis of InP nanocrystals embedded in silica glasses was described. Gels were synthesized by hydrolysis of a complex solution of Si(OC2H5)4, InCl3.4H2O, and PO(OC2H5)3. Then, the gels were heated at 600 degrees C in the presence of H2 gas to form fine cubic InP crystallites. Raman spectrum showed an InP longitudinal-optic mode (342 cm(-1)) and a transverse-optic mode (303 cm(-1)). The size of InP nanocrystals was found to be from 2 to 8 nm in diameter by transmission electron microscopy. A strong photoluminescence with a peak at 856 nm was observed from InP nanocrystals embedded in silica glasses. The results suggest that it might be possible to synthesize other III-V semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in silica glasses through the sol-gel process.     

Sol-gel synthesis and photoluminescence of III-V semiconductor InAs nanocrystals embedded in silica glasses

III-V semiconductor nanocrystals rarely exist as spherical inclusions inside glasses, due to the difficulties during their preparation, such as high toxic reagents or fast oxidation under usual glass technology temperatures. In this paper a sol-gel method for synthesis of InAs nanocrystals embedded in silica glasses was described. Gels were synthesized by the hydrolysis of a complex solution of Si(OC2H5)4, InCl3 x 4H2O, and As2O3. The gels were then heated at 200-450 degrees C in the presence of H2 gas to form fine cubic InAs crystallites. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed four strong peaks from InAs. The Raman spectrum showed InAs longitudinal-optic (233 cm(-1)) and transverseoptic modes (215 cm-(-1)). The size of InAs nanocrystals was found to be from 5 to 30 nm in diameter by transmission electron microscopy. A strong room temperature photoluminescence with peaks at 601 and 697 nm was observed from InAs nanocrystals embedded in silica glasses. The results suggest that it might be possible to synthesize other III-V semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in silica glasses through the sol-gel process.     

表面活性剂对纳米Sb2O3和纳米 Sb2O3/云母分散性的影响

以片状云母作为微反应器制备了纳米Sb2O3／云母复合物，并用XRD、TEM进行了表征．研究了表面活性剂对纳米Sb2O3颗粒、纳米Sb2O3／云母复合物的粒子性能及粒度分布的影响，并对二者进行了比较．结果表明：纳米Sb2O3被十六烷基三甲基溴化铵处理后，在云母层间均匀生长，形成的纳米Sb2O3分散性好，粒度分布窄．平均粒径约为5nm，比不加云母制备的纳米Sb2O3小30nm．     

NiFe2O4纳米晶的制备及表面效应对其比饱和磁化强度的影响

以FeSO4*7H2O和NiSO4*7H2O为原料,首先制备出颗粒细小的碱式碳酸盐前驱体,在300～700℃焙烧1h后,制备出铁酸镍纳米晶,粒径为8～54nm,粒度均匀。通过测量它的比饱和磁化强度σs与比表面积Sa,得出经验公式σs(Sa)=σs(∞)(1-aSa),运用非共线磁结构理论很好地解释了上述经验公式,并得到纳米晶的非共线表面层的厚度。,A basic carbonate precursor with very fine particles was synthesied by using FeSO4*7H2O and NiSO4*7H2O, and NiFe2O4 nanocrystallites were then obtained by calcining the precursor. The results of XRD and TEM analysis show the NiFe2O4 nanocrystallites with spherical shape are even, and their average diameters increase from 8nm to 54nm when the precursor is calcined at 300—700℃ for 1h. Their specific saturation magnetization σs and specific surface area Sa were measured. A empirical formula σs(Sa)=σs(∞)(1-aSa)was obtained which can be interpreted very well by a noncollinear magnetic structure model, and the value of the canted-layer thickness was deduced.     

反应条件对CoFe2O4颗粒形貌、粒径大小和磁性的影响

以FeSO4（NH4）2SO4、6H2O、CoCl2·6H2O、C6H5Na3O7·2H2O为前驱物,采用水热法合成了钴铁氧体CoFe2O4。用XRD、TEM、VSM分别测试了CoFe2O4颗粒大小、形貌、饱和磁化强度和矫顽力,探讨了反应时间、温度、溶质浓度、酸碱环境对颗粒粒径大小、形貌及其磁性能的影响。结果表明,适度的减短反应时间、降低温度、选取合适的溶质浓度和NaOH溶液浓度,可以得到粒径小、形貌统一的纳米颗粒,并且有助于增大CoFe2O4颗粒的饱和磁化强度。     

Highly sensitive and selective trimethylamine sensor using one-dimensional ZnO-Cr2O3 hetero-nanostructures

Highly selective and sensitive detection of trimethylamine (TMA) was achieved by the decoration of discrete p-type Cr(2)O(3) nanoparticles on n-type ZnO nanowire (NW) networks. Semielliptical Cr(2)O(3) nanoparticles with lateral widths of 3-8 nm were deposited on ZnO NWs by the thermal evaporation of CrCl(2) at 630 °C, while a continuous Cr(2)O(3) shell layer with a thickness of 30-40 nm was uniformly coated on ZnO NWs at 670 °C. The response (R(a)/R(g): R(a), resistance in air; R(g), resistance in gas) to 5 ppm TMA of Cr(2)O(3)-decorated ZnO NWs was 17.8 at 400 °C, which was 2.4 times higher than that to 5 ppm C(2)H(5)OH and 4.3-8.4 times higher than those to 5 ppm p-xylene, NH(3), benzene, C(3)H(8), toluene, CO, and H(2). In contrast, both pristine ZnO and ZnO (core)-Cr(2)O(3) (shell) nanocables (NCs) showed comparable responses to the different gases. The highly selective and sensitive detection of TMA that was achieved by the deposition of semielliptical Cr(2)O(3) nanoparticles on ZnO NW networks was explained by the catalytic effect of Cr(2)O(3) and the extension of the electron depletion layer via the formation of p-n junctions.     

As2O3纳米粒的制备和体外治疗肺癌及其抗转移机制实验

采用改良的溶胶-凝胶法制备系列的As2O3纳米粒,用透射电镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、图像分析系统等进行表征及特性检测．应用MTT法研究As2O3纳米粒体外对细胞的增殖抑制作用;用流式细胞仪测定As2O3纳米粒及亚砷酸诱导细胞的凋亡率;用免疫组织化学半定量法检测As2O3纳米粒及亚砷酸处理细胞后Bcl-2、Bax、CD44v6和P53基因的表达改变．研究结果表明,制备的As2O3纳米粒在电镜下呈圆形或椭圆形,分散性较好,平均直径约为80nm、110nm、130nm、150nm和450nm;体外细胞实验证实As2O3纳米粒抗肺癌A-549细胞的效应强于亚砷酸溶液;免疫组织化学半定量法显示As2O3纳米粒有较强的诱导肺癌细胞凋亡的作用,可能与其改变Bcl-2和Bax基因表达（Bcl-2／Bax比值降低）及促进P53基因的表达、抑制CD44v6基因表达有关．     

纳米YMn2O5半导体可见光催化剂

采用改进的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法合成了YMn2O5纳米颗粒.XRD分析结果表明,合成的纳米颗粒主要为正交YMn2O5相,兼有少许的六方YMn2O5相,无其它杂质相存在.SEM观察显示,制得的YMn2O5纳米颗粒粒度均匀、形貌规整、呈类球形,平均颗粒尺寸约为45nm.利用紫外—可见光漫反射光谱研究了YMn2O5纳米颗粒的光吸收特性及带隙,获得的光学带隙值为1.21eV.以一种典型的偶氮染料甲基红为目标降解物,研究了YMn2O5纳米颗粒的光催化活性.结果表明,在紫外光和可见光辐照下纳米颗粒均表现出了良好的光催化活性.实验确定了光催化降解率的最佳条件:甲基红的初始浓度为～15mg/L,催化剂的加载量为～1.2g/L.     

微波辅助燃烧法制备镁铝尖晶石纳米粉体的研究

Stoichiometric MgAl2O4 spinel nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted combustion reaction from aluminium nitrate nanohydrate(Al(NO3)3.9H2O) and Sol-Gel prepared magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)2) in the presence of urea((NH2)2CO) as a fuel,in about 20 min of irradiation.X-ray diffraction(XRD) studies reveal that mi-crowave assisted combustion synthesis route yields single-phase spinel nanoparticles with larger crystalline size(around 75 nm) than other conventional heating methods.Scanning electronic microscope(SEM) images show nanoparticles with spherical shape and homogenous morphology.The surface area measurements(SBET) show crystals with 2.11 m2/g and 0.0033 mL/g pore volume.