A/D与D/A转换器主流工艺技术现状和发展趋势

随着半导体技术的进步,对A/D、D/A转换器的性能提出了更高的要求,用于制作A/D、D/A转换器的工艺技术也在不断改进.文章介绍了目前用于制作A/D、D/A转换器的主流工艺技术;结合相关产品,对比分析了各种工艺的优缺点,并对A/D、D/A转换器工艺技术的发展趋势进行了展望.     

D/A和A/D转换器型谱的品种优化分析

本文从D/A与A/D转换器的基本概念和制造技术着手概述,特别对D/A和A/D转换器的应用之主要选择因素,进行了着重说明。随后,提出了D/A和A/D转换器优化品种的原则意见。     

一种单片机双极模拟信号A/D转换的电路设计

实现 A/D转换通常需要使用A/D转换芯片,而单片机内置的A/D模块只能接收单极模拟信号。文中介绍了一种使Freescale单片机A/D转换模块能够接收双极型模拟信号的电路设计,文中电路采用对称设计,扩大了A/D转换的量程,提高了A/D转换的分辨率。     

宽带A/D转换技术研究

在数字无线电系统中,宽带A/D转换是其中的关键技术之一,选择合适的A/D转换器是实现高速率A/D转换的前提。该文基于A/D转换的基本技术和性能指标分析,讨论了A/D转换器的选择原则,∑△A/D转换器的工作原理及宽带A/D转换器的典型应用。     

利用A/D和D/A实现频率变换的技术分析

通过建立A/D、D/A的数学模型,推导了A/D、D/A实现变频的基本公式,分析了量化噪声和变频损失,总结了其主要特点及其与模拟混频器的区别,说明A/D和D/A实现频率变换是切实可行的,在进行模数、数模转换的同时实现变频,有利于节省器件,简化电路。     

国产A／D和D／A组件在SIMATIC S5可编程控制器中的应用

本文简述了西门子公司生产的SIMATICS5大型可编程控制器中应用的A/D、D/A组件的工作原理。经分析,国产化的A/D、D/A组件在外型结构及技术性能上基本与进口组件相符。进口A/D组件通过变换量程转换模块实现信号量程转换;国产A/D组件通过板上跨接端子实现。进口D/A组件通过单一D/A芯片扫描输出模拟量信号;国产D/A组件全部采用单路锁存式D/A芯片同时输出S路模拟量信号。     

ADSL系统中D/A&A/D变换器分辨率的确定

D/A,A/D变换器是ADSL系统中的重要组成部分.D/A,A/D变换器的分辨率越高,系统性能越好,但系统成本也越高.系统设计时需要兼顾两方面的要求.通过理论分析,给出了在确保系统性能的情况下,D/A,A/D变换器的最小分辨率的确定方法.     

过取样A／D或D／A变换技术

过取样A/D、D/A变换(oversampled A/D、D/A converter)作为一种电路设计技术,已经迎来了一个新的发展时期,该技术使用了Δ调制和ΔΣ调制电路,以低成本实现了具有线性变换特性、高精度、高分辨率的A/D、D/A变换,增加了DSP的比重,减轻了模拟电路的负担,适应了VLSI的发展要求。     

高速A/D转换器的研究进展及发展趋势

介绍了高速高精度A/D转换器技术的发展情况、A/D转换器的关键指标和关键技术考虑;阐述了高速高精度A/D转换器的结构和工艺特点;讨论了高速高精度A/D转换器的发展趋势.     

浮点数的D/A和A/D转换

本文提出的浮点数D/A和A/D转换是现有的D/A和A/D转换的推广。文中讨论了它的原理、实现方法、精度及其特点,叙述了它的应用范围,并且给出了用一位微计算机14500实现浮点数A/D转换的一个实例。     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

避免MOS管在测试时受EOS损坏的方法

由于MOS管是浅结系列产品,极有可能在测试时遭到静电击穿或过压过流而损坏。文中主要介绍MOS管在测试过程中,会造成实际测试时器件加上了允许的最大电压、电流或功率而导致器件损坏的情况。例如,在测试过程中电源连接不良,测试片与器件接触不良,管脚接错,在测试程序中未设置正确的电压和电流钳位或DUT板损坏等。然后,针对此类现象的发生,提出了在测试过程中应采取的相应措施,从而有效地保证产品质量。     

一种改善LED背光亮度均匀性的新型反射膜研究

在LCD的LED背光腔体的底面设计了新型曲面形状及性能的反光膜,将扩散膜反射回灯腔底部的光重新反射回出光口以改善亮度均匀性能;在侧面设计了镜面反射膜,将位于LED矩阵边缘区域由LED射向灯腔侧壁的光反射重新射向出光口,增加了LED背光边缘区域的亮度,从而改善了背光边缘区域较暗的亮度不均匀状况.根据此类反射膜的设计完成了反射膜的制备,并应用于38 cm LED背光源样品.测试结果显示,设置反射膜的LED背光的亮度均匀性值为10.2%,明显优于未设置反射膜的值16.8%,亮度提高了29%左右,表明该种新型反射膜可以提高亮度并改善亮度均匀性.     

圆球微腔对水蒸汽的敏感特性仿真实验研究

研究了圆球微腔在水蒸汽传感中应用的可行性。通过测试在有/无水蒸汽的气室环境下,圆球微腔透射光谱的变化来对气室水蒸汽浓度情况进行传感测试。仿真实验结果显示:在有无水蒸汽干扰的条件下系统输出光强有明显的变化,即研制基于圆球微腔的传感器是可行的。     

位屏蔽多叉树搜索射频识别防碰撞算法

针对RFID树型防碰撞算法中时隙数多、数据通行量大等问题,提出了一种改进的多叉树防碰撞算法,阅读器准确检测碰撞位并向标签反馈碰撞位信息,标签对阅读器已知的ID位进行屏蔽,把ID号转换成连续碰撞的序列号.阅读器利用屏蔽位信息和标签返回的碰撞位编码信息,对标签进行分层分类搜索.通过对标签ID进行屏蔽,阅读器和标签间仅发送对方不知道的碰撞位信息.该算法减少了碰撞时隙和识别时隙,避免了空闲时隙,减少了阅读器和标签间的数据通信量.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法减少了系统的时隙总数和数据通信量,提高了阅读器的识别效率.     

Design and nonlinearity compensation of Fabry-Perot type tunable optical filters for dynamic strain sensing systems

The collected spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating （FBG） and the loss of the detected optical power are discussed with respect to the 3-dB bandwidth of a Fabry-Perot （F-P） type tunable optical filter （TOF）, respectively. And the optimized parameters of the TOF are obtained consequently. It is demonstrated that the relationship between the transmission wave- length of the TOF and its drive voltage is nonlinear. A new method to compensate the nonlinearity of the TOF is proposed. The linear sweeping of the transmission wavelength of the TOF is achieved through modifying the drive voltage using interpolation algorithm. It is observed that the average error and the maximum error of the transmission wavelength are reduced sharply under linear fit. The dynamic strain sensing is realized by use of a reference FBG and moving averaging algorithm in this system.     

Quantum theory analysis of the action micromechanism exerted on bioparticles from laser microbeams

The effect of laser microbeam trapping the bioparticles has been appfied widely in the biology .However the micromechanism of the acting that realizes the laser-microbeam trapping bioparticles is still lacking. In this paper ,the act microchenism of the gradiant force of laser microbeam for the bioparticles is analysed by means of quantum theory ,The result accords with our experiment.