装饰板的材质与应用

装饰板由面材与基材复合制成。基材以中密度纤维板和刨花板居多,也包括胶合板、石膏板和其它人造板等。面材种类很多,主要有纸基和塑料基两类,市场销量较大的贴面板有三种。主要品种高压装饰板(HPL):由三聚氰胺树脂浸渍的表层纸和装饰纸,与酚醛树脂浸渍的多层牛皮纸叠合后,经高温高压成型的纸质层积塑料板。     

浸渍纸贴面混凝土模板用浸渍胶膜纸指标的确定

本文介绍了浸渍胶膜纸指标确定的实验思路，研究结果表明，为达到综合性能好的浸渍纸贴面混凝土模板，浸渍胶膜纸的指标以浸胶量１００－１２０％，挥发份７．０－８．５％，预因化度４５－７０％为佳。     

浸渍纸贴面混凝土模板用的浸渍胶膜纸指标的确定

本文介绍了浸渍胶膜纸指标确定的实验思路，研究结果表明，为达到综合性能好的浸渍纸贴面混凝土模板，浸渍胶膜纸的指标以浸胶量１００～１２０％，挥发份７．０～８．５％，预固化度４５～７０％为佳。     

脲醛树脂在人造板贴面装饰中的应用

脲醛树脂胶在本世纪四十年代曾是人造板浸渍纸贴面装饰的主要胶种。由于性能上的缺陷逐渐被性能较佳的酚醛树脂、三聚氰胺树脂和邻苯二甲酸二丙烯酯树脂所代替,但在国外饰面技术中这种材料仍被大量应用。例如西德研制的短周期浸渍纸饰面技术,浸渍纸要两次上胶才能达到要求的上胶量,浸渍纸第一遍浸的是脲醛树脂胶,第二遍再浸以三聚氰胺胶、这类浸渍纸胶贴在基材上装饰层的装饰与保护性能与纯三聚氰胺     

浸渍胶膜纸饰面细木工板制造工艺

通过浸渍胶膜纸与杉木细木板基材覆合生产浸渍胶膜纸饰面细木工板的试验,探索热压三要素对板力学性能的影响,优化最佳工艺参数。同时探讨了胶改性剂加量对胶性能的影响及填充剂淀粉加量对产品力学性能的影响。重点论述制造工艺及主要因素对产品性能的影响。     

对采用国产原料生产预油漆纸有关技术问题的探讨

预油漆纸在国外称人造薄木或纸质卷材贴面材料。是七十年代出现的一种新型装饰贴面材料,它是用定量的50—130g/m~2的装饰纸浸以改性氨基树脂,干燥以后在其表面罩以面漆制成,有的厂家为使用方便在其背面涂上一层热融性胶粘剂,可直接压贴在基材表面。浸渍用树脂通常为脲醛树脂,改     

纸质装饰板

目前国外流行在房屋内墙装饰和家具制作中采用纸质装饰板,它是用印有考究的木材纹理或其它花纹和图案的纸经浸渍合成树脂、干燥和缩聚工艺制成的。该板可任意加工成不同尺寸形状,可钉或粘贴,施工方便。 俄罗斯奥洛哥达综合研究所与布拉格勒斯公司一起研制的该板生产方法如下:将有花纹和图案的纸浸入树脂溶液槽,刮去纸面多余树     

纸材拓展运用方式在小学手工课中的教学实践

小学美术手工课作为一项手脑结合的课程,对于提高学生的综合能力具有重要的意义。美术手工课教学往往需要使用多样化的纸质材料,如何保证纸材的环保性是教师需要考虑的内容。该文基于这一背景,对我国小学美术手工课中纸质材料的应用状况进行分析,并探究纸材的拓展方式。     

提高浸渍纸贴面刨花板阻燃性能的研究

本文对普通浸渍纸贴面刨花板表面阻燃性能采用小室法进行了测定，并对浸渍用胶中加入阻剂方法提高板阻燃性能问题进行了探讨。     

1～10千伏油浸纸绝缘电力电缆接头密封性能及绝缘水平的探讨

油浸纸绝缘电力电缆是历史最久用量最大的一种结构。它具有使用寿命长,价格便宜,热稳定性高的优点;缺点是制造工艺复杂,而且粘性浸渍剂型电缆的浸渍剂因容易流淌,使绝缘层内形成气隙,降低绝缘性能。电缆接头的制作质量,必须保证电缆的     

Recent trends of research in plastic building materials in India

Of the total World production of plastics over 25 by value goes into various building applications. In India, this figure is considerably lower. The main reasons for this situation are lack of knowledge amongst engineers and architects about plastics, lack of availability of performance data and high cost. The present paper is a review of research work carried out on Plastics in Buildings at this institute as well as in other laboratories in the country.

Use of plastics in exposed conditions requires great care particularly in climatic conditions of tropical countries like India. Considerable work has been done to evaluate weathering performance of a number of plastic products such as GRP sheets polyethylene films, PVC and PMMA sheets and plastic water storage tanks.

Plastic pipes are considerably more economical compared to GI pipes and are being used in many parts of the country. But there are complaints of leakage and unsatisfactory performance in some cases. Other doubts raised are danger from rodents and termites.

Resin bonded building materials find limited use because of high cost of UF and PF resins. Attempts have been made to find alternative resinous materials or to use extenders. This includes work done on CNSL resins, tannin based resins and blending of proteinous materials with thermosetting resins.

Other developmental work includes evaluation of protective coatings for concrete and for reinforcement in brick work, studies on polymer impregnated concrete, wood plastic composites and plastic sandwich panels and utilisation of agricultural wastes to produce low cost plastics building materials.

The paper briefly reviews the work on all above aspects and lists 28 references. Emphasis has been laid on greater cooperation between industry and research organisation to win the confidence of the user.     

72.5kV/1250A短尾油纸电容式变压器套管

介绍了用于埃及UNENTA公司电力变压器的短尾油纸电容式变压器套管的电气性能、设计计算及试验结果。     

胶浸纸电容套管芯VPI技术研究

分析了胶浸纸电容套管芯用 VPI(真空压力浸胶 )工艺技术 ,比较了混胶和真空脱气的几种工艺方法 ,指出真空、压力对产品质量的影响。并通过有关技术指标说明 ,运用 VPI技术制造的无气隙绝缘制品发挥了油浸纸、胶粘纸电容套管芯的优点 ,同时又避免了两者的缺点 ,具有介质损耗低 ,介电强度高的性能。     

Environmental and health hazard ranking and assessment of plastic polymers based on chemical composition

Plastics constitute a large material group with a global annual production that has doubled in 15 years (245 million tonnes in 2008). Plastics are present everywhere in society and the environment, especially the marine environment, where large amounts of plastic waste accumulate. The knowledge of human and environmental hazards and risks from chemicals associated with the diversity of plastic products is very limited. Most chemicals used for producing plastic polymers are derived from non-renewable crude oil, and several are hazardous. These may be released during the production, use and disposal of the plastic product. In this study the environmental and health hazards of chemicals used in 55 thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers were identified and compiled. A hazard ranking model was developed for the hazard classes and categories in the EU classification and labelling (CLP) regulation which is based on the UN Globally Harmonized System. The polymers were ranked based on monomer hazard classifications, and initial assessments were made. The polymers that ranked as most hazardous are made of monomers classified as mutagenic and/or carcinogenic (category 1A or 1B). These belong to the polymer families of polyurethanes, polyacrylonitriles, polyvinyl chloride, epoxy resins, and styrenic copolymers. All have a large global annual production (1-37 million tonnes). A considerable number of polymers (31 out of 55) are made of monomers that belong to the two worst of the ranking model's five hazard levels, i.e. levels IV-V. The polymers that are made of level IV monomers and have a large global annual production (1-5 million tonnes) are phenol formaldehyde resins, unsaturated polyesters, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and urea-formaldehyde resins. This study has identified hazardous substances used in polymer production for which the risks should be evaluated for decisions on the need for risk reduction measures, substitution, or even phase out.     

油-油、油-SF6胶浸纸电容式变压器套管的研制

介绍了额定电压为40.5kV～126kV油-油、油-SF6胶浸纸电容式变压器套管的设计原理和工艺流程;讨论了制造套管电容芯子的关键技术,给出了研制产品的技术参数并与国内外同类产品进行了水平对比,最后指出了该产品的主要性能及特点。     

海水干湿交变环境下玄武岩纤维布耐久性能

对2种不同树脂浸渍玄武岩纤维布的90个试件,分别在3.5倍浓度和5倍浓度的人工海水干湿交变环境下进行老化试验。结果表明:第1种玄武岩纤维布在3.5倍浓度海水中老化330d,拉伸强度和伸长率分别下降8.36%和28.74%,弹性模量提高了1.68%;在5倍浓度海水中老化330d,拉伸强度和伸长率分别下降12.77%和26.30%,弹性模量提高了3.24%;第2种玄武岩纤维布在3.5倍浓度海水中老化330d,拉伸强度和伸长率分别下降9.50%和18.44%,弹性模量提高0.43%,在5倍浓度海水中老化330d,拉伸强度、伸长率和弹性模量分别下降8.53%,20.88%,0.43%。结果表明:玄武岩纤维布具有较好的抗海水腐蚀性能。最后,与碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)、芳纶增强复合材料(AFRP),玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)等其他纤维片材进行了老化性能的对比,发现BFRP具有较好的抗老化性能。     

Evaluation and application of anion exchange resins to measure groundwater uranium flux at a former uranium mill site

Laboratory tests and a field validation experiment were performed to evaluate anion exchange resins for uranium sorption and desorption in order to develop a uranium passive flux meter (PFM). The mass of uranium sorbed to the resin and corresponding masses of alcohol tracers eluted over the duration of groundwater installation are then used to determine the groundwater and uranium contaminant fluxes. Laboratory based batch experiments were performed using Purolite A500, Dowex 21K and 21K XLT, Lewatit S6328 A resins and silver impregnated activated carbon to examine uranium sorption and extraction for each material. The Dowex resins had the highest uranium sorption, followed by Lewatit, Purolite and the activated carbon. Recoveries from all ion exchange resins were in the range of 94-99% for aqueous uranium in the environmentally relevant concentration range studied (0.01-200 ppb). Due to the lower price and well-characterized tracer capacity, Lewatit S6328 A was used for field-testing of PFMs at the DOE UMTRA site in Rifle, CO. The effect on the flux measurements of extractant (nitric acid)/resin ratio, and uranium loading were investigated. Higher cumulative uranium fluxes (as seen with concentrations > 1 ug U/gram resin) yielded more homogeneous resin samples versus lower cumulative fluxes (<1 ug U/gram resin), which caused the PFM to have areas of localized concentration of uranium. Resin homogenization and larger volume extractions yield reproducible results for all levels of uranium fluxes. Although PFM design can be improved to measure flux and groundwater flow direction, the current methodology can be applied to uranium transport studies.     

聚合物燃烧过程中熔化特性研究

通过试验和模拟研究了大量聚合物包括热塑性和热固性聚合物在燃烧过程中的熔化特性。研究发现，在火灾情况下，有些热塑性聚合物如PP，LDPE，EVA-18和PA6等与PMMA相比熔化得较快，并且熔化物很快汽化，很少有熔化物遗留。相反，有些热固性树脂一般不熔化或者只是轻度熔化，如酚醛树脂和环氧树脂。在热塑性聚合物研究中，其熔化特性在温度燃烧阶段影响了质量损失速率。那些快速熔化的热塑性聚合物与PMMA相比，质量损失塑料较低，这跟单个聚合物高温分解机理有关。一般说来，热分解过程杂乱无序的聚合物更容易造成快速熔化。发生热聚作用的聚合物会导致快速挥发，因此熔化较少。开发了一个聚合物燃烧数学模型，能够模拟聚合物燃烧过程中的溶化特性。结果表明，考虑熔化特性的模型模拟结果与锥形量热仪测试结果的相符性比不考虑熔化特性的模型模拟结果的要好。     

改性聚苯板与传统聚苯板的性能特点分析

解释了膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫板(EPS板)、石墨模塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板(SEPS板)和热固性改性聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板(热固性EPS板)的定义,对6个不同厂家生产的EPS板、SEPS板、热固性EPS板的主要物理性能进行了研究,得出了一些有实用价值的结论。     

紫外线照射条件下玄武岩纤维布耐久性能研究

为了研究玄武岩纤维片材在紫外线照射下的耐久性能,对两种不同树脂浸渍的玄武岩纤维布共计70个试件在有、无防护的紫外线照射条件下进行老化试验。经过6464h的初步检测结果表明:无防护条件下,BFRP1拉伸强度下降了11.03%,伸长率下降了14.75%,弹性模量下降了5.23%;而BFRP2拉伸强度下降了2.02%,伸长率下降了13.73%,弹性模量提高了0.34%;有防护条件下,BFRP1拉伸强度下降了8.01%,伸长率下降了16.57%,弹性模量下降了1.38%;BFRP2的拉伸强度下降了1.51%,伸长率下降了9.59%,弹性模量下降了5.60%。因此,紫外线照射下玄武岩纤维布有较好的耐久性,防护对玄武岩纤维的性能有一定的保护作用。