快速增量约束预测控制及在GLCC液位控制中的应用

针对气-液柱状旋流式(GLCC)多相流量计的液位控制问题,提出一种增量多变量模型预测控制(MPC)算法。采用控制增量状态空间模型和阶梯式控制策略,建立约束多变量MPC优化控制问题。为在线计算约束优化问题,引入坐标轮换法和黄金分割法,在线计算控制变量增量值,进而得到预测控制量。最后,以GLCC多相流量计的两输入单输出液位控制模型为例,仿真验证本文算法的有效性。     

对角CARIMA模型抗扰约束广义预测控制

针对存在输入和输入增量约束的多变量系统,提出了一种基于变权重的对角CARIMA模型抗扰动约束广义预测控制算法。根据对角CARIMA模型中的A和C矩阵为对角形式的特点,将多输入多输出系统分解为多个多输入单输出系统进行预测和控制,简化了控制器的设计,降低了变量之间的耦合性。根据模型预测值与参考轨迹之间的偏差实时调整目标函数中各输出跟踪误差的权重,达到抑制由耦合而造成回路之间扰动的目的。权重调整的基本原则是,每个输出的预测值跟踪参考轨迹的权重由其他输出在同时刻偏离其参考轨迹的误差平方加权和构成。当某个输出偏离其目标值时,其他输出的控制作用相对增强,避免输出之间的相互扰动,达到抑制扰动的目的。同时,分析了系统输入和输入增量约束的表达形式。利用多变量广义预测控制（MGPC）以及提出的扰动抑制方法,分别对Shell重油分馏问题进行了仿真实验,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

对角CARIMA模型抗扰约束广义预测控制

针对存在输入和输入增量约束的多变量系统,提出了一种基于变权重的对角CARIMA模型抗扰动约束广义预测控制算法。根据对角CARIMA模型中的A和C矩阵为对角形式的特点,将多输入多输出系统分解为多个多输入单输出系统进行预测和控制,简化了控制器的设计,降低了变量之间的耦合性。根据模型预测值与参考轨迹之间的偏差实时调整目标函数中各输出跟踪误差的权重,达到抑制由耦合而造成回路之间扰动的目的。权重调整的基本原则是,每个输出的预测值跟踪参考轨迹的权重由其他输出在同时刻偏离其参考轨迹的误差平方加权和构成。当某个输出偏离其目标值时,其他输出的控制作用相对增强,避免输出之间的相互扰动,达到抑制扰动的目的。同时,分析了系统输入和输入增量约束的表达形式。利用多变量广义预测控制(MGPC)以及提出的扰动抑制方法,分别对Shell重油分馏问题进行了仿真实验,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

基于区间运算的字典序多目标模型预测控制

考虑优化级多目标优化控制问题,提出一种基于区间运算的字典序多目标模型预测控制算法。对约束线性系统,结合字典序列法和滚动优化原理,建立按优先级定义的分层多目标模型预测控制策略。在此基础上,引入区间运算法则,在线求解预测控制量。通过一双容水箱单输入双输出液位控制,仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于滑模的多变量广义预测解耦控制

针对多变量控制系统的耦合问题,将广义预测控制和滑模控制结合起来,提出一种基于滑模的多变量广义预测解耦控制方法.首先把m个输入n个输出的多变量耦合系统分解成m个输入单个输出子系统,再通过对子系统输出预测得到滑模切换函数值,求解开环优化求得控制律,最后通过仿真实验表明,该控制方法对多变量耦合系统的控制是正确有效的.     

过程预测控制中约束可行性研究与在线调整

化工过程控制中,普遍存在着各种对输入和输出变量的约束条件。系统与约束之间的矛盾有可能造成约束预测控制的优化问题不可行,为生产带来负面影响。基于线性系统离散状态空间的动态模型,从凸多面体距离角度,对有约束预测控制的可行性分析和不可行时的约束处理问题进行讨论,提出在每步求解约束预测控制律之前进行必要的可行性分析和合理的约束调整的在线滚动算法,从而使约束条件在整个时域得到满足,并且保证系统的控制性能。通过CSTR模型的控制仿真实验证明了该算法的有效性。     

工业串联系统的多约束广义预测控制

针对由一系列环节串联而成且存在多种约束的复杂工业对象,利用过程的中间变量进行预测和反馈,在充分考虑控制量幅值约束、控制增量幅值约束、中间变量幅值约束、输出误差约束以及最终输出幅值约束共同构成的多约束情况下,提出了工业串联系统的多约束广义预测控制算法。仿真结果验证了该算法对多约束串联系统的有效性和较强的鲁棒性。     

化工过程约束优化控制的可行性分析及约束处理

在化工领域过程控制中,普遍存在着各种对输出变量、输入变量甚至中间变量的约束。不同约束条件之间的矛盾会造成约束条件无法全部满足,优化控制器无可行解,给实际生产造成负面影响。从凸体几何角度,将化工生产过程中约束优化控制的可行性判定转化为凸多面体是否相交的问题,将不可行时合理的约束处理方案转化为一系列线性规划或非线性规划问题,提出无需人为参与的自动进行约束优化控制可行性分析和约束调整的算法。Shell公司提供的重油分馏塔典型案例实验证明,该算法能够在约束优化控制不可行时自动有效地进行合理的约束调整,超调量小,控制作用变化平缓,且有一定控制裕量。     

基于自适应粒子群优化算法的预测控制算法及其在加热炉支管平衡中的应用

多变量和输出受限系统的预测控制问题一般表现为一个不易直接求解的多变量且多约束的非线性动态规划问题.传统优化方法在解决此优化问题时,存在易收敛到非法解或局部极小、计算时间长以及对模型参数与初值依赖性强的缺点.提出了一种基于自适应粒子群优化的预测控制算法(APSO-DMC),采用自适应粒子群优化算法(APSO)作为模型预测控制的优化方法,在线实时求解最优控制律,从而有效地克服了传统优化方法的不足.将此算法应用于常减压装置加热炉支管温度平衡控制中,仿真试验结果显示了该方法的有效性.     

PTFE间歇聚合反应过程变周期动态经济优化控制

聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)间歇聚合生产模式可满足小批量、多用途以及高质量产品的市场需求。针对PTFE聚合过程存在强非线性和大时滞特性,提出了一种基于自由终端的动态经济优化控制方法。首先,将生产周期作为一个自由度纳入优化变量建立动态经济优化问题,采用改进控制变量参数化方法,控制输入被离散为可变长度的片状序列,便可将动态经济优化问题转换为非线性规划(NLP)问题;然后,采用基于梯度下降的内点罚函数法求解NLP问题,通过变周期预测时域的滚动优化控制方法优化控制输入和终端时间;最后将提出的变周期动态经济优化控制与传统PI控制、非线性模型预测控制进行对比测试分析,仿真结果表明本方法单位经济效益更高,生产周期更短,突显了间歇生产的灵活性。     

Inferential Control of Reactive Destillation Columns – An Algorithmic Approach

Decentralized control system design comprises the selection of a suitable control structure and controller parameters. Here, mixed integer optimization is used to determine the optimal control structure and the optimal controller parameters simultaneously. The process dynamics is included explicitly into the constraints using a rigorous nonlinear dynamic process model. Depending on the objective function, which is used for the evaluation of competing control systems, two different formulations are proposed which lead to mixed‐integer dynamic optimization (MIDO) problems. A MIDO solution strategy based on the sequential approach is adopted in the present paper. Here, the MIDO problem is decomposed into a series of nonlinear programming (NLP) subproblems (dynamic optimization) where the binary variables are fixed, and mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) master problems which determine a new binary configuration for the next NLP subproblem. The proposed methodology is applied to inferential control of reactive distillation columns as a challenging benchmark problem for chemical process control.     

基于多目标的模糊神经网络及在pH控制过程中的应用

设计了一种基于多目标的动态模糊递归神经网络（FRNN）建模方法,用于pH中和过程的广义预测控制。所设计的多目标优化算法以提高拟合精度和简化网络结构为原则,同时优化模糊神经网络中的模糊规则数、隶属度函数中心点及其宽度,由此得到的FRNN模型可以高精度拟合pH中和过程。依据该动态模型,在控制过程的每一个控制周期得到其局部线性模型,将广义预测控制中复杂的非线性优化问题转化为简单的二次线性规划问题。仿真对比结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

一种约束一般模型控制新方法

在引入近似预测模型的基础上 ,应用基于二次规划的滚动优化算法 ,处理被控量、操作量及其变化速率的线性约束 .将此优化算法与经典的一般模型控制 (GMC)方法相结合 ,给出了一种基于二次规划的约束一般模型控制新方法 .     

Controlling of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell by Model Predictive Controller Based on ANFIS Model

Proton exchange fuel cell is one of the most promising new technologies in electrical energy production. Due to slow dynamic, nonlinearity and dependency of time changing variables of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), its control issue is a challenging problem. In this paper, model predictive controller (MPC) based on the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy interface model of the PEMFC is proposed to control the output voltage. First the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy interference system (ANFIS) model is identified to approximate the dynamic behavior of the PEMFC system with a set of data which are taken from a physical model of a 5 kW PEMFC setup plant. Then the branch‐and‐bound method and the greedy algorithm are used to solve the constrained optimization function of the predictive control problem. The results reveal that the ANFIS model can effectively approximate the dynamic behavior of the PEMFC and the predictive controller based on this model can successfully control the output and satisfy the constraints.     

Model predictive control: past,present and future

More than 15 years after model predictive control (MPC) appeared in industry as an effective means to deal with multivariable constrained control problems, a theoretical basis for this technique has started to emerge. The issues of feasibility of the on-line optimization, stability and performance are largely understood for systems described by linear models. Much progress has been made on these issues for non-linear systems but for practical applications many questions remain, including the reliability and efficiency of the on-line computation scheme. To deal with model uncertainty ‘rigorously’ an involved dynamic programming problem must be solved. The approximation techniques proposed for this purpose are largely at a conceptual stage. Among the broader research needs the following areas are identified: multivariable system identification, performance monitoring and diagnostics, non-linear state estimation, and batch system control. Many practical problems like control objective prioritization and symptom-aided diagnosis can be integrated systematically and effectively into the MPC framework by expanding the problem formulation to include integer variables yielding a mixed-integer quadratic or linear program. Efficient techniques for solving these problems are becoming available.     

基于全局正交配置的非线性预测控制算法

针对非线性预测控制(NMPC)在线优化计算量大这一关键问题,提出一种基于全局正交配置的非线性预测控制算法。该算法以高阶插值正交多项式为基函数同时配置优化时域内的状态变量和控制变量,将连续动态优化问题转化为非线性规划问题(NLP)求解。全局正交配置可以使用较少的配置点而获得较高的逼近精度,这样即使NMPC使用很长的优化时域,离散化后得到的NLP问题的规模也比较小,能够有效地降低在线优化计算量。最后,以连续聚合反应过程为例验证了算法的有效性。     

Transition from Batch to Continuous Operation in Bio‐Reactors: A Model Predictive Control Approach and Application

This work considers the problem of determining the transition of ethanol‐producing bio‐reactors from batch to continuous operation and subsequent control subject to constraints and performance considerations. To this end, a Lyapunov‐based non‐linear model predictive controller is utilized that stabilizes the bio‐reactor under continuous mode of operation. The key idea in the predictive controller is the formulation of appropriate stability constraints that allow an explicit characterization of the set of initial conditions from where feasibility of the optimization problem and hence closed‐loop stability is guaranteed. Additional constraints are incorporated in the predictive control design to expand on the set of initial conditions that can be stabilized by control designs that only require the value of the Lyapunov function to decay. Then, the explicit characterization of the set of stabilizable initial conditions is used in determining the appropriate time for which the reactor must be run in batch mode. Specifically, the predictive control approach is utilized in determining the appropriate batch length that achieves stabilizable values of the state variables at the end of the batch. Application of the proposed method to the ethanol production process using Zymomonas mobilis as the ethanol producing micro‐organism demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model predictive control strategy in stabilizing the bio‐reactor.     

分批补料反应过程的非固定终端经济优化控制

针对批次生产周期不确定问题,提出一种非固定终端的经济优化控制方法。首先采用经济模型预测控制方法,用收益最大化的经济型目标函数代替终端约束,并将批次生产周期纳入被优化变量,建立动态经济优化问题,并通过对每个控制变量进行有差异的参数化,将动态优化问题转化为非线性规划（NLP）问题;然后使用内点罚函数法求解含非线性约束的优化问题,得到的最优控制序列和最佳批次生产周期,可将不确定扰动带来的损失降低到最小。其次采用非固定预测时域的滚动时域控制方法,不仅提高多变量系统的协同控制能力,而且根据实时预测终端产品产量不断优化更新关键操纵变量的控制分段函数的分割数及控制序列,从而可灵活优化操纵变量和操作时间的轨迹。最后在苯胺加氢过程上进行了批次优化控制性能测试,测试结果表明,非固定终端的经济优化控制从批次的总生产效益角度来优化每个批次生产的操作条件,实现批次反应过程生产时间与经济效益的最优化管理。     

混杂系统基于参数规划的状态反馈预测控制

In this article, state feedback predictive controller for hybrid system via parametric programming is proposed. First, mixed logic dynamic （MLD） modeling mechanism for hybrid system is analyzed, which has a distinguished advantage to deal with the logic rules and constraints of a plant. Model predictive control algorithm with moving horizon state estimator （MHE） is presented. The estimator is adopted to estimate the current state of the plant with process disturbance and measurement noise, and the state estimated are utilized in the predictive controller for both regulation and tracking problems of the hybrid system based on MLD model. Off-line parametric programming is adopted and then on-line mixed integer programming problem can be treated as the parameter programming with estimated state as the parameters. A three tank system is used for computer simulation, results show that the proposed MHE based predictive control via parametric programming is effective for hybrid system with model/olant mismatch, and has a potential for the engineering applications.