Al和Mo含量对热等静压制备的FeCrAlMo合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

FeCrAl合金由于具有良好的高温抗氧化性能和力学性能而广泛应用于高温和氧化性气氛环境。本研究通过粉末热等静压制备出Fe-22Cr-3Al-3Mo和Fe-22Cr-2Al-5Mo两种成分的合金,对粉末的显微组织、热等静压后两种成分合金的组织及拉伸性能进行对比分析,结果表明:Fe-22Cr-3Al-3Mo合金20℃时的强度和塑性都高于Fe-22Cr-2Al-5Mo合金,而500℃时的强度和塑性都低于Fe-22Cr-2Al-5Mo合金;Fe-22Cr-3Al-3Mo合金中析出相主要为分布在晶界及晶内的细小AlN相及少量粗大的富Cr相,Fe-22Cr-2Al-5Mo合金中析出相主要为大尺寸的富Cr碳氧化物;Al含量降低、Mo含量增加,晶界形成较多的大尺寸富Cr相,导致Fe-22Cr-2Al-5Mo合金在20℃时塑性较差。     

热处理对Ti-35V-15Cr-0.15Si-0.05C合金热稳定性能的影响

通过对Ti-35V-15Cr-0.15Si-0.05C合金轧制环件取样进行热处理和热稳定性能实验,研究了850℃和950℃固溶处理和950℃固溶后在600℃和700℃实效后的热稳定性能和微观组织。结果表明:合金仅经过固溶处理α相析出不明显,而经过固溶加时效处理后α相在晶界和晶内大量析出,在热稳定性能测试时,经过540℃100h热暴露后,α相进一步析出。合金α相是影响合金拉伸性能的主要因素,在晶界析出的连续α相导致合金塑性急剧下降;通过850℃固溶热处理能够获得较好的室温拉伸和热稳定性能。     

热轧态Inconel690合金中碳化物的溶解和析出

研究了热轧态690合金中碳化物的溶解和析出行为及其结构,结果表明:在热轧态合金中存在的碳化物多数沿晶界长条状分布,少量呈颗粒状分布于晶内,类型为M_(23)C_6.热轧态合金的晶界和晶内碳化物的完全固溶温度分别为1050℃、1080℃,在低固溶温度下未完全溶解的残余晶界碳化物直接导致后续TT处理晶界不再析出碳化物;将合金完全固溶处理后,在后续TT处理的晶界上会重新析出细小、半连续的碳化物.     

Ni-Cr-Co合金相含量分布及其对高温拉伸性能的影响

研究了一种 Ni- Cr- Co合金经 115 0℃× 1.7h固溶和 80 0℃× 80 MPa应力时效 (8,10 0 ,5 0 0 ,10 0 0 h)及无应力时效 (10 0 ,5 0 0 ,10 0 0 h)后相含量分布的特点及其对高温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明 ,随着时效时间的延长 ,应力时效试样中晶界碳化物的含量递减而无应力时效试样中晶界碳化物的含量递增 ,晶界与晶内的碳化物含量均呈反向变化趋势 ;晶内γ′相含量均呈先增后减趋势 ;无应力时效试样 780℃拉伸强度随晶界碳化物含量的增加而下降 ,应力时效的则相反。对上述结果进行了分析与讨论     

热处理对Ti-6Mo-5V-3Al-2Fe-2Zr合金拉伸性能的影响

研究了固溶+单级时效处理、固溶+双级时效处理、固溶+随炉冷却处理对新型亚稳β钛合金Ti-6Mo-5V-3Al-2Fe-2Zr的显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：与固溶+单级时效处理相比,固溶+双级时效处理析出的晶内次生α相间距减小和体积分数增大而使合金的强度提高。两种热处理都使合金中生成连续的晶界α相,导致合金的塑性降低;与上述两种热处理相比,固溶+随炉冷却处理使合金中析出的晶内次生α相的间距明显减小且沿晶界生成向晶内生长的α_wgb相,使合金的强度和塑性显著提高,其抗拉强度达到1421 MPa,断后伸长率为7.7%;与次生α相的体积分数相比,其间距是影响合金强度的主要因素。随着次生α相间距的减小,合金的强度提高。     

FGH95粉末镍基合金的组织结构与蠕变断裂特征

通过对不同工艺处理FGH95合金进行组织形貌观察及持久性能测试,研究了组织结构对合金持久性能的影响规律。结果表明:经1150℃固溶和时效处理后,合金中有粗大γ′相在较宽的边界区域不连续分布,其周围存在γ′相贫化区;经1160℃固溶及时效处理后,合金中粗大γ′相完全溶解,在晶内弥散分布高体积分数的γ′相,并有粒状(Cr,Nb)23(C,B)6硼碳化合物在晶内及沿晶界不连续析出;经1165℃固溶和时效后,合金的晶粒尺寸明显长大,并有硬而脆的碳化物膜沿晶界连续析出。在650℃、1034MPa条件下,经1160℃固溶和时效合金具有较高蠕变抗力和较长持久寿命,蠕变期间的变形机制是位错以Orowan机制饶过γ′相、或位错剪切γ′相,其中晶界处不连续析出的粒状碳化物可有效阻碍位错滑移,是使合金具有较好蠕变性能的主要原因。蠕变后期,合金的变形特征是晶内发生单取向滑移,随蠕变进行位错在晶界处塞积,并引起应力集中,致使裂纹在晶界处萌生及扩展是合金的蠕变断裂机制。     

固溶处理对GH4169G合金蠕变的影响

研究了固溶处理温度对GH4169G合金晶粒组织、晶界析出和蠕变的影响。结果表明,随着固溶处理温度的提高(由980℃提高到1020℃)GH4169G合金的晶粒尺寸明显增大,晶界d相的尺寸和数量明显减少,晶内g″相的析出变化不大;合金的650℃/700 MPa稳态蠕变速率明显降低,表观蠕变激活能明显增大,蠕变断裂寿命显著延长。固溶处理温度对680℃/725 MPa的蠕变性能有相同的影响趋势,但其程度减弱。孪晶的形成是GH4169G合金的重要蠕变机制。提高固溶处理温度使晶界d相的析出减少,晶界滑动蠕变速率降低;同时使晶粒度增大,形成孪晶的阻力增大,晶粒蠕变速率降低。     

23Cr-14Ni高氮奥氏体不锈钢σ相析出行为EI北大核心CSCD

采用经验公式、热力学计算方法、Gleeble热/力模拟实验技术,结合光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜分析,研究了23Cr-14Ni高氮奥氏体不锈钢中σ相的析出行为。结果表明,23Cr-14Ni高氮奥氏体不锈钢中σ相可在960~1030℃析出,高于1050℃溶解。σ相析出具有异常快速的动力学特征,在经过1030℃保温1 min固溶处理后,σ相可直接从奥氏体晶界快速析出,析出先于碳氮化物相。σ相析出动力学行为及相对碳氮化物的析出次序和传统奥氏体不锈钢显著不同。铬、锰、钼元素含量较高且钼元素在晶界处偏聚提高了σ相平衡析出温度,是加速σ相析出的主要原因。     

固溶处理的热连轧GH4169合金的组织与蠕变特征

通过对热连轧GH4169合金进行固溶和时效处理、组织形貌观察和蠕变性能测试,研究了固溶和时效处理合金的组织结构和蠕变特征。结果表明,经固溶和时效处理合金由较大尺寸晶粒组成,并具有明显的孪晶特征,且细小γ′、γ″相在晶内弥散析出,可提高合金的蠕变抗力;在实验应力和温度范围内,测得该合金的蠕变激活能为537.8kJ/mol,且对施加应力和温度具有敏感性;在蠕变期间,热连轧GH4169合金的变形特征是位错的单双取向滑移和孪晶变形,随着蠕变进行,裂纹沿晶界萌生和扩展到发生沿晶断裂是该合金的蠕变断裂机制。     

Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni-C系形状记忆合金时效效果的研究

通过SEM分析，研究了时效后不同成分Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni-C系形状记忆合金形状记忆效应和微观组织，在1123K时效时，超低碳合金1的形状回复率随时效时间的增加一直呈直线上升的趋势，含碳0．18％合金2的形状回复率随时效时间的增加而增加，在300min达到最大值后将随时间的进一步增加而缓慢下降，SEM分析发现在合金2的晶界和晶内析出富铬，富锰和富硅的合金碳化物，而合金1仅在晶界有第二相析出，且第二相成分不同于合金2中的，合金2中第二相粒子的长大速度显著高于合金1中第二相粒子的长大速度，且数量也多得多，通过时效强化奥氏体基体，可显著提高合金的形状记忆效应。     

Carbide Effects on Creep Crack Growth of Ni-Cr Austenitic Steels

By controlling the carbon content ofFe-15Cr-25Ni alloys,three types ofmicrostructures were obtained:single phaseaustenite (γ),γ+intergranular carbides,γ+intergranular carbides + intragranular carbides.Creep crack growth behaviour of the three alloyshas been compared at 973 K and 1123 K.Intergranular carbides show higher creep crackgrowth resistance than intragranular carbides.Cav-ities nucleate at the triple junctions of grain bound-aries for single phase alloy,but at intergranularcarbides for two-phase alloys.The precipitation ofintergranular carbide not only changes thenucleation mechanism of cavities,but also inhibitsthe growth and coalescence of cavities.The precipi-tation of intragranular carbide obstructs thenucleation and growth of cavities furthermore.     

Microstructure and properties of in‐situ vanadium carbide phase reinforced nickel based coating by laser cladding

Laser cladding has been applied to fabricate in‐situ vanadium carbide phase on the surface of C45E (according to ISO 683‐1:2016 (E)) using a preplaced powder consisting of 55 wt.% Ni35 and 45 wt.% (FeV50 + graphite), meanwhile, pure Ni35 has also been cladded for comparison. The microstructure and phases analysis were carried out by means of optical microscope, X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. The microhardness and wear resistance were tested through the microhardness tester and ring‐on‐block wear tester respectively. The results show that there are many kinds of microstructure such as cellular and columnar crystals for the pure Ni35 cladding coating, and lots of cellular or dendritic vanadium carbide and reticular Cr₂Fe₁₄C₃ phases distribute over the Fe₃Ni₂ matrix in the coating cladded with 55 wt.% Ni35 and 45 wt.% (FeV50 + graphite). Vanadium carbide phase is uniformly distributed and bonded metallurgically to the matrix very well, which increases the hardness and wear resistance. The wear resistance of coating cladded with 55 wt. % Ni35 and 45 wt. % (FeV50 + graphite) alloy powder is 5.16 times as high as C45E, and is higher 139.7% than that of the pure Ni35 clad layer.     

Transformation behaviour of laser processed Fe-5% Cr,Fe-5% Ni and Fe-6% Cr-2% Ni alloys

The effects of rapid cooling, of the order of 10⁴? C sec^?1, achieved through the laser surface alloying process, on the transformation behaviour of Fe-5% Cr, Fe-5% Ni and Fe-6% Cr-2% Ni alloys have been investigated. The solidification structures and microstructures were characterized by optical and transmission electron microscopy. The significant findings are that Fe-5% Cr alloy undergoes a massive transformation to ferrite while Fe-5% Ni and Fe-6% Cr-2% Ni alloys undergo a transformation to a structure consisting of both ferrite and martensite. The substructures of ferrite and martensite were observed to contain essentially dislocations. These alloys also exhibited two carbide precipitations namely epsilon carbide and cementite. Solidification studies revealed that cellular solidification structures were present in 5% Ni and 6% Cr-2% Ni alloys with a cell spacing of 3 Μm but no solidification structures were observed in 5% Cr alloy. The influence of nature of solute and cooling rate on solidification behaviour, transformation mode and morphology of structures have been discussed.     

Cavitation erosion resistance of Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu shape memory alloy

Abstract

The cavitation erosion of low stacking fault energy Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu shape memory alloy has been investigated in water using an ultrasonic vibratory apparatus, and compared with the behaviour of 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel. It is shown that Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu alloy has higher cavitation erosion resistance than 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel. The cavitation erosion mechanism of Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu was studied by examining the eroded surface using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). During early stages of cavitation erosion, Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu alloy undergoes strain induced martensitic transformation. Exposure to further cavitation results in the deformation of ? martensite. The boundaries of ? martensite impede plastic deformation, leading to strain accumulation and subsequent material removal. On the basis of an XRD study and indentation tests, the better cavitaton erosion resistance of Fe-26Mn-6Si-7Cr-1Cu alloy is mainly ascribed to strain induced martensitic transformation, which can absorb impact energy without damage.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-35V-15Cr-0.05C Nonburning Titanium Alloy

Ti-35V15Cr-0.05C is a new nonburning titanium alloy. The structural analyses show that the alloy consists of β phase and lath-like α phase distributed within β grains, and some titanium carbide particles appear at grain boundaries. Using dark field TEM method, it was also found that TiCr2 phase uniformly precipitates in α phase. After heat treatment at 900℃ for 15 min,equiaxed β phase of 60~ 80μm in diameter and lath-like α phase of 1-2% volume fraction were observed. This alloy possesses attractive mechanical properties.     

Grain-boundary diffusion and precipitate trapping of hydrogen in ultrafine-grained austenitic stainless steels processed by high-pressure torsion

This study was conducted to clarify the effects of grain boundaries and precipitates on room-temperature hydrogen transport in two types of austenitic stainless steels with ultrafine-grained structures produced by high-pressure torsion (HPT) and subsequent annealing. The grains in the Fe-25Ni-15Cr (in mass%) alloy containing Ti and the Fe-25Cr-20Ni alloy were refined by the HPT-processing to ∼150 and ∼85 nm, respectively. The high-temperature annealing after the HPT processing led to the precipitation of η-Ni₃Ti for the former and σ-FeCr for the latter. In the HPT-processed specimens, hydrogen diffusivity was enhanced through short-circuit diffusion because of the increased population of grain boundaries in comparison with the increased opportunity of hydrogen trapping on dislocations. As for the post-HPT-annealed specimens having the precipitates, the hydrogen diffusion was hindered by the hydrogen trapping on η-Ni₃Ti precipitates, but was not affected by σ-FeCr precipitation. This depends on the affinity between hydrogen and constituting elements.     

钨含量对新型高铬锰氮双相不锈钢Cr29Mn12Ni2N0.6Wx组织和性能的影响

研究了钨含量对新型高铬锰氮双相不锈钢Cr29Mn12Ni2N0.6Wx(x=1,2,3)显微组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:Cr29Mn12Ni2N0.6Wx不锈钢固溶处理后具有典型的铁素体+奥氏体双相组织,铁素体含量在45%~60%范围内;随着钨含量的增加,合金中σ相的析出倾向增强,铁素体含量增加,合金的耐腐蚀性能降低,屈服强度和抗拉强度升高;经1 050℃固溶处理30 min后,该系列双相不锈钢中不再有σ相析出,其屈服强度大于650 MPa,抗拉强度大于900 MPa,断后伸长率大于30%,作为高强度资源节约型超级双相不锈钢具有潜在应用前景。     

挤压温度对AZT802镁合金组织和性能的影响

将铸态AZT802合金分别在350℃、380℃和400℃下挤压,随后进行T5时效处理,研究不同挤压温度对AZT802镁合金挤压态和时效态组织和性能的影响。结果表明,当挤压温度为350℃时,晶粒尺寸分布不均匀,同时观察到大块的条状第二相沿挤压方向析出。当挤压温度高于350℃时,挤压态合金获得均匀等轴晶粒,第二相以颗粒状形貌沿晶界均匀分布。经T5时效处理后,颗粒状Mg_2Sn相均匀分布于基体中,Mg_(17)Al_(12)相以连续相和非连续相析出,非连续析出相随时效前挤压温度的升高而逐渐增多。力学性能测试结果表明,AZT802合金在380℃下挤压,并进行175℃(3h)T5时效处理后,获得最佳综合力学性能。     

定向凝固Fe-6.5wt%Si合金热压缩变形行为研究

采用Gleeble 1500热模拟机对定向凝固Fe-6.5%(质量分数)Si合金进行热压缩变形研究。结果表明,Fe-6.5%(质量分数)Si合金柱状晶组织热形变过程中很难发生动态再结晶,以动态回复为主,易产生严重的变形带;在无序相区间,在柱状晶晶界处发生动态再结晶形核,但长大受到限制,仅局限于晶界附近。与锻态等轴晶组织相比,有序相区间,两种组织形变行为基本一致,受温度影响剧烈,在无序相区间,随温度升高,等轴晶组织的形变激活能略有升高,平均值约为294kJ/mol,而柱状晶组织的形变激活能逐渐降低,平均值约为260kJ/mol。     

Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys for high-temperature applications

The microstructure and phase chemistry of a Fe-34Cr-4.5C wt% hardfacing alloy has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy and microanalytical techniques. The microstructure is found to consist of large primary M₇C₃. carbides in a eutectic mixture of austenite and more M₇C₃. The results indicate that the microstructure of the undiluted alloy becomes configurationally frozen at a temperature of about 1150° C during deposition by the manual metal arc welding technique. This allows the metastable austenite phase to contain a large chromium concentration ( 16 to 17 wt %), thus imparting good corrosion and oxidation resistance. Experimental data on the partitioning of chromium, manganese and silicon between the carbide phases are discussed in the context of the high-temperature stability of the alloy.