New Directions in the Study of General Social Attitudes: Trend and Cross-National Perspectives

The importance of trend and cross-national studies on general social attitudes has become widely recognized. However, very little published trend and cross-national data or studies on general social attitudes, which persistently use identical survey systems, have been identified. Up to now, despite some methodological limitations, the studies published in recent years have provided an encouraging base for the future of trend and cross-national studies of general social attitudes. Cooperation will be essential for future studies as they apply various improved methodologies not only to existing trend and cross-national data but also to new survey data collection procedures. Like the development of cohort analysis for trend studies of general social attitudes, as well as the development of correspondence analysis for cross-national studies of general social attitudes, combinations of both cohort and correspondence analyses have been proposed.

Finally, it is suggested that for both trend and cross-national studies of general social attitudes, it is better not only to develop the hard-mode approach but also to develop the soft-mode approach by fully utilizing the hard-mode approach. Conducting this type of research in the context of trend and cross-national analyses will enable empirical analyses to verify existing sociological theories as well as contribute to the establishment of new or modified theories.

     

影响出租汽车计价器使用误差的因素及分析

针对出租汽车计价器在使用误差检定过程中误差的来源及原因进行了分析探讨,最后提出了解决措施。     

青年员工主观幸福感与社会责任心、忠诚度的关系

目的 探讨青年员工主观幸福感与社会责任心、忠诚度的关系及影响.方法 采用方便抽样的方法选取213名青年员工并对其进行问卷调查.结果 社会责任心对主观幸福感和忠诚度起部分中介作用,生活满意度对快乐度和社会责任心起调节作用.结论 提高青年员工主观幸福感有利于增强社会责任心和忠诚度,而提高生活满意度是快乐度促进社会责任心的重要条件.     

An Item Response Model for Multidimensional Analysis of Multiple-Choice Data

An item response model, similar to that in test theory, was proposed for multiple-choice questionaire data. In this model both subjects and item categories are represented as points in a multidimensional euclidean space. The probability of a particular subject choosing a particular item category is stated as a decreasing function of the distance between the subject point and the item category point. The subject point is assumed to follow a certain distribution, and is then integrated out to derive marginal probabilities of response patterns. A marginal maximum likelihood (MML) method was developed to estimate coordinates of the item category points as well as distributional properties of the subject point. Bock and Aitkin’s EM algorithm was adapted to the MML estimation of the proposed model. Examples were given to illustrate the method, which we call MAXMC.

     

OEE多维数据分析系统的应用研究

针对生产领域中重要效率评价指标OEE,研究如何用多维的思路和方法来分析.结合OEE的定义、多维分析基本思想,以及当前各类OEE分析软件特点的基础,为实现对海量多维生产数据准确、高效、灵活的分析,提出一种OEE多维数据分析系统.讨论了多维数据分析技术在OEE数据分析系统的研究和应用的设计过程,并对基于Excel VBA开发的OEE多维数据分析系统进行实证研究.     

爆炸空气冲击波超压影响因素分析及控制

爆炸能量利用率和空气冲击波在传播过程中的外界环境是影响空气冲击波超压的重要因素,在因素分析的基础上,介绍从"减源"和"削波"两方面控制空气冲击波超压的措施.     

多维健康视角下儿童友好型社区游乐设施设计策略研究

目的 基于多维健康理论,为儿童友好型社区游乐设施提出具体的设计策略与方向。方法 分析儿童友好型社区游乐设施的概念特征及现存问题,通过文献研究构建基于多维健康理论的儿童友好型社区游乐设施特征框架。分析不同年龄阶段儿童的生理、心理和社会发展特征及其对应的健康促进途径,归纳出多维健康视角下儿童友好型社区游乐设施6个方面的设计途径。结合国内外优秀案例中的设计经验,提出多维健康视角下儿童友好型社区游乐设施的设计策略。结论 提出了以自主挑战加强身体机能、以具身交互拓展感知认知、以多维感官实现情感疗愈和以情境参与促进社交发展4个方面的设计策略,进而满足了社区全龄儿童的多维健康需求,深化了社区游乐设施的儿童友好内涵,从而更好地提升了儿童友好型社区游乐设施的品质与价值。     

Health Assessment of Concrete Dams by Overall Inverse Analyses and Neural Networks

In several existing dams alcali–silica reaction (ASR) during several decades of service life, or diffused micro-cracking (due to concrete ageing and/or past extreme loads, such as earthquakes) give rise to deterioration of concrete stiffness and to correlated reduction of its strength. An inverse methodology is presented herein apt to identify damage in concrete dams on the basis of hydrostatic loading, measurements by traditional monitoring instruments, such as pendulums and collimators, and artificial neural networks trained by means of finite-element simulations. The arch-gravity dam referred to in this study is sub-divided into homogeneous zones, to which a constant Young modulus is attributed as unknown parameter which quantifies possible damage. These elastic moduli are estimated on the basis of pseudo-experimental data and identification procedures. After a suitable ‘training’ process, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are employed for numerical solutions of the inverse problem, and their potentialities and limitations are examined to the present purposes. In particular, they turn out to be robust and practically useful in the presence of information which are scarce quantitatively (few available measurements) and/or qualitatively (large noise-to-signal ratio).     

Social Indicators and Second-Order Consequences of Health Care Delivery

A social systems model is developed that permits the anticipation of the effect on health of demographic changes in the population and of modifications to the health service delivery system serving the population. Parameters of this model have been estimated from data from the state of New Mexico. The model indicates that the availability of hospital facilities is a significant factor in reducing morbidity levels.     

对绿色供应链管理内部因素的动态分析

给出了企业绿色供应链管理的动态评价框架,即采用网络分析法,对影响企业绿色供应链管理的内部因素进行动态分析,建立起非线性多属性动态模型,并考虑到各因素或相邻层次间的相互影响,利用"超矩阵"对相互作用的因素进行综合分析,使围绕企业绿色战略中环保实践的关键环节得以体现.     

CAD图形数据数字水印技术综述

数字水印技术正成为网络环境下CAD图形的版权保护和侵权检测研究的热点。综述了目前国内外针对CAD图形水印技术所做的相关工作,分析了CAD图形在数据表示及使用方式上的特点、CAD图形嵌入数字水印的要求以及CAD图形数据信息冗余的类型;按空域、变换域及参数变换分类方法,概括了目前典型的针对CAD图形数据的数字水印算法,讨论了其优缺点。指出了对CAD图形数字水印技术还存在的问题以及对该领域未来可能的研究方向和研究重点进行了展望。     

Behavioural characteristics and accidents: findings from the Health Survey for England, 1997

This study analysed the relationship between major and minor accidents, and major accidents involving a moving vehicle, and behavioural and emotional factors in children, aged 4-15 years, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and adjusting for demographic, socio-economic and family type factors. Data from a large representative national sample of about 6000 children were analysed using simple and multiple logistic regression. The analysis shows that the prevalence of SDQ scales, such as hyperactivity and conduct disorder were significantly higher in boys, lower social classes and step- and single-parent families. After adjusting for the demographic, socio-economic and family type factors, children who scored borderline or high for hyperactivity were almost two times more likely to report having major accidents. Children who scored high for hyperactivity and emotional symptoms were one and a half times more likely to report having minor accidents. For major accidents involving moving vehicles, the relationships with the behavioural and emotional factors were generally stronger than for major accidents in general. Hyperactivity, in particular, was significantly associated with the occurrence of major and minor accidents, and major accidents involving moving vehicles. The behavioural risk factors were significantly more common in the lower social classes, families receiving benefits and step- and single-parent families.     

数据挖掘与土木工程的健康监测及诊断

介绍了数据挖掘的基本概念和体系结构,在此基础上分析了将数据挖掘技术运用于土木工程的健康监测及诊断的可能性与必要性.结合土木工程的健康监测及诊断的自身特点,探讨了数据挖掘技术在土木工程的健康监测及诊断中的应用前景及有待于解决的问题.