钢管企业特殊合同评审管理系统的设计与实现

为了使钢管企业特殊合同实现在线评审,建立产品规范和冶金规范,参照实际评审实例,分析了接单时技术、交期、价格以及商务等环节的评审要点,设计了特殊合同网上在线评审系统。该系统运行稳定,评审流程达到了设计要求,提高了评审工作效率,能够快速、准确地回应客户需求,实现了特殊合同评审业务的科学化和规范化。     

A model system of peer review.

Discusses issues involved in the establishment of an effective system of peer review of mental health services: selection of reviewers and cases for review, development of criteria for review, documentation, management of the review process, and management of information (including confidentiality). Decisions regarding most of these issues may be made at the local agency level. A national system of peer review that would facilitate the development of local review systems and provide the support necessary to ensure the acceptance of quality assurance efforts as routine professional activities is presented. The system would function on 4 levels. The 1st 2 levels would function locally and involve selection by trained nonpsychologists of cases for review and review of those cases by a committee of professionals. At the 3rd level, a peer review consortium would review special cases; and at the 4th level, a group supported by the American Psychological Association would assist local agencies in the development of peer review systems and would serve other policymaking functions. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Adaptive feedback and review paradigm for computer-based drills.

Tested the effectiveness of a direct-instruction approach used with the corrective feedback paradigm (CFP) in a drill and practice program that included adaptive feedback techniques with discrimination training and increasing ratio review. 102 undergraduates were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 drill-treatment groups. Each group varied the type of review and corrective feedback: Group 1 (increasing ratio review and adaptive feedback with training); Group 2 (immediate review only and adaptive feedback with training); Group 3 (increasing ratio review and adaptive feedback); Group 4 (immediate review only and adaptive feedback); Group 5 (no review and adaptive feedback), and Group 6 (increasing ratio review and fixed feedback). The task consisted of learning 20 English–Japanese (transliterated) word pairs. Planned orthogonal comparisons demonstrated the statistical superiority on posttest performance of increasing ratio review and adaptive feedback with discrimination training, with no significant differences in time to mastery. Using CFP to teach generalizations is advocated. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Owner and Contractor Review to Reduce Claims

The owner's role and responsibility for design and review are examined. The scope of the owner's review is outlined, together with his options for executing the review. A novel approach is suggested in using the contractor to review the design after award. Legal implications are explored.     

Report from the National Institute on Aging: the research grant support mechanism

Most NIH support of research on aging has been in the area of the biomedical sciences, followed by behavioral and social sciences. Research project and program project grants are the primary mechanisms available to the NIA for support of research on aging. The grant process for aging research begins with preparation and review at the applicant institution. The process of review at NIH proceeds from referral to an intitial review group for peer review and NIA for possible funding, NIA staff review, the National Adivisory Council on Aging review, and concludes with NIA funding action. The primary mode of applicant appeal of a negative decision by NIA on an application is reapplication.     

首钢国际提升管理评审有效性的研究与实践

分析了企业开展管理体系管理评审工作的目的与意义。依据质量、环境、职业健康安全管理体系标准,公司通过建立管理体系管理手册,提出管理评审工作要求。依据管理手册管理评审工作要求,制定管理评审工作程序,提出管理评审工作采取的主要措施和方法,其措施和方法具有较突出的管理创新性,通过近3年管理评审结果分析,管理评审工作发挥了较好的作用,促进了管理体系的持续改进和有效运行,具有较好的推广与应用价值。     

浅析QC小组活动成果的现场评审

QC小组活动生产实践中,对影响生产的各个环节进行反复的实验、论证后,经过评审与审核决定它的活动成果.本文通过对现场评审各个环节的阐述,指出现场评审对QC小组活动成果评审的重要性.     

Career by choice, not by chance

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of a prospective peer review program on diagnostic accuracy in a routine cytopathology laboratory. STUDY DESIGN: For the study, 4,836 consecutive cases subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) over a one-year period were used. Nine pathologists performed both reporting and peer review functions. Disagreements were classified into "diagnostic errors" and "diagnostic discrepancies," depending on their impact on patient care. The effect of this review on turnaround time was statistically analyzed. A retrospective review of 4,025 cases from the preceding year was performed for comparison. RESULTS: Sixty-six cases with diagnostic disagreements were detected by prospective review. There were 28 diagnostic errors and 38 diagnostic discrepancies. The initial turnaround time for diagnostic FNAC in 90% of total cases was < 24 hours; mean delay for the remainder was 3.3 days. Prospective peer review added a further delay of 1 and 1.5 days, respectively. The number of diagnostic disagreements was significantly higher in the retrospective review (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Prospective peer review of diagnostic FNAC resulted in improved accuracy of diagnosis and reduced potential for inappropriate therapy; however, turnaround time was significantly increased.     

PSRO: current status of the professional standards review organization program

Since Public Law 92-603 was enacted in October 1972 considerable progress has been made in the establishment of Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSROs) for the purpose of determining the necessity, appropriateness, and quality of medical care provided beneficiaries of the major programs authorized in the Social Security Act. Sixty-five conditional PSROs are implementing review in acute care hospitals in their geographic area, and 55 planning groups are developing plans to qualify for conditional PSRO designation. The PSRO hospital review system is based on three interrelated review mechanisms. These are concurrent review, which includes admission certification, and continued stay review through discharge; medical care evaluation studies; and analysis of hospital, practitioner, and patient profiles. This article describes the review system in some detail and the potential opportunities the PSRO program offers to occupational therapists.     

Risk, motives, and styles of utilization review: a cross-condition comparison

In the United States various forms of managed care have been introduced to control the use of expensive medical services. One of the most prominent involves utilization review of hospital admissions. While reviewing the appropriateness of inpatient treatment is appealing in principle, its application is made difficult by clinical uncertainty. Managed care plans develop and implement review criteria often without the guidance of clear clinical norms of treatment. Under these conditions, we suggest that utilization review organizations (UROs) can be expected to develop "styles" of review that respond to clinical uncertainty, influenced by their experience, professional orientation, and financial incentives. Two review styles are explored in this paper: standardization, where the URO reduces the variance in clinical practices by eliminating those practices that deviate from professional norms and stringency, whereby the URO shifts the distribution of clinical practice as it tries to change the professional norms of practice. Data from a 1992-1993 national survey of utilization review organizations are used to test whether UROs have review styles that systematically respond to organizational attributes, economic pressures, and clinical uncertainty associated with three medical conditions: cardiac catheterization, low back pain, and adolescent depression. UROs were found to adopt more stringent review strategies for conditions with weaker norms of appropriate treatment. Financial incentives and organizational experience are positively related to greater stringency. Standardization responds to professional orientation and organizational experience. Variation in the review styles of UROs has implications for the resulting distribution of clinical practices as well as the equity of access to medical care.     

The Medical Journal of Australia Internet peer-review study

BACKGROUND: Peer review of medical papers is a confidential consultancy between the reviewer and the journal editor, and has been criticised for its potential bias and inadequacy. We explored the potential of the internet for open peer review to see whether this approach improved the quality and outcome of peer review. METHODS: Research and review articles that had been accepted for publication in The Medical Journal of Australia (MJA) were published together with the reviewers' reports on the worldwide web, with the consent of authors and referees. Selected readers' e-mailed comments were electronically published as additional commentary; authors could reply or revise their paper in response to readers' comments. Articles were edited and published in print after this open review. FINDINGS: 60 (81%) of 74 authors agreed to take part in the study, together with 150 (92%) of 162 reviewers. There was no significant difference in the performance of commissioned reviewers before and during the study. Four articles were not included because of insufficient time before print publication. Of the remaining 56 papers, 28 received 52 comments from 42 readers (2% of readers submitted comments). Most readers' comments were short and specific, and seven articles were changed by the authors in response. INTERPRETATION: Open peer review is acceptable to most authors and reviewers. Postpublication review by readers on the internet is no substitute for commissioned prepublication review, but can provide editors with valuable input from individuals who would not otherwise be consulted. Readers also gain insight into the processes of peer review and publication.     

Research on quality assurance.

Psychology has not been sufficiently attentive to the need to demonstrate the effectiveness of mechanisms intended to ensure the quality of psychological services. The mechanisms are numerous, but peer review has been among the most prominent. Research is needed to justify reliance on peer review. Specifically, peer review must be demonstrated to be reliable in the decisions it produces, and those decisions must be valid in furthering more nearly optimal treatment outcomes. A peer review system must also be credible in the profession. Research can help to improve criteria for peer review, improve the processes by which it operates, and determine its effects on treatment outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Safeguarding the public's trust through the self-governance of peer review

1. Nurses must monitor the quality of professional practice in order to safeguard the public's trust in nursing as a professional discipline and to ensure that nursing is self-regulating, accountable, and autonomous. 2. A peer review process indicates self-governance and advances the profession of nursing. 3. A peer review committee is responsible for gathering information, evaluating nursing practice, and reporting the findings to the nurse and the initiator of the review. Any deliberate or negligent acts or omissions of the nurse under review are reported to the state board of nursing.     

一体化管理评审的研究与实践

管理评审是完善企业质量管理体系的重要手段和途径;由于对其理解认识上的差距,很多企业把管理评审作为一种形式上的会议.结合现场工作的实践,描述了企业一体化管理评审的过程和行为.     

Pyogenic liver abscesses in patients with malignant disease: a report of 52 cases treated at a single institution

OBJECTIVE: To generate baseline data about the experiences of researchers applying to five or more local research ethics committees (LRECs) for ethical review. The new multi-centre review system will be compared with these data. DESIGN: Ninety-seven researchers, whose status as multicentre researchers was unclear, were identified from various sources in the South Thames Region. They were each sent a questionnaire asking for their views on the substance of ethical review and their experiences of the process of ethical review. RESULTS: Of the completed questionnaires, 24 fitted the multicentre criteria of applying to five or more LRECs. Responses showed dissatisfaction with LRECs' treatment of the scientific aspects of research, but satisfaction with aspects relating to consent and protection of patients' welfare. Respondents experienced great difficulty in the administration of the process of ethical review. CONCLUSIONS: The need for a new system of ethical review for multi-centre research is beyond doubt. It remains to be seen whether it will be an improvement.     

When reviews attack: Ethics, free speech, and the peer review process.

The peer review process, whether formally applied in publication and grant review, or informally, such as exchange of ideas in scientific and professional newsgroups, has sparked controversy. Writers in this area agree that scholarly reviews that are inappropriate in tone are not uncommon. Indeed commentators have suggested rules and guidelines that can be used to improve the review process and to make reviewers more accountable. In this paper, the authors examine the relevance and impact of ethical codes on the conduct of peer review. They contend that the peer review process can be improved, not by a new set of rules, but through closer attention to the ethical principles to which psychologists already subscribe. The discussion considers the four principles of the Canadian Psychological Association in relation to peer review and to the six principles presented in the code of the American Psychological Association. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

CHAMPUS and quality assurance.

Discusses the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS), the medical plan for military dependents and retired military. CHAMPUS has a history of quality assurance efforts, including the creation of special review committees to recommend standards of care and mechanisms of review. CHAMPUS also contracts with the American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association to develop and monitor peer review of ambulatory care. The American Psychological Association project selects reviewers, develops written review criteria, and monitors the review process. In the 1st 10 mo, 517 cases were reviewed, with over 91% of the cases receiving full approval of postcare benefits. System and practical problems that have been identified with the process are presented. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Invited peer review: The AABT experience.

In response to the growing need to provide the independent evaluation and examination of treatment programs, the Association for Advancement of Behavioral Therapy (AABT) formed the Professional Consultation and Peer Review Committee. The present study describes the peer review process in a hierarchical manner, beginning with the least demanding type of review or consultation and progressing to a full-scale evaluation. In the past 2 yrs, this committee has developed 6 types of review services that it offers free of charge to interested consumers and behavior therapists: individual case consultation between therapists, a compilation of guidelines for behavioral treatment programs, review of written materials of particular programs, on-site review of noncontroversial and controversial programs, and professional assistance in litigation involving determination of appropriate treatment. In all cases the committee promotes reliance on the empirical literature as the justification for treatment decisions and program operation. It is concluded that the review services are designed to protect individual clients and competent therapists and to assist in assuring appropriate treatment. (11 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Colorado Medicare study: Perspective of the peer review committee.

In 1977, the Social Security Administration sponsored a study to determine whether including psychologists as independent providers and increasing the dollar limit of Medicare's mental health benefits would have an impact on the availability of mental health care to Medicare recipients, the quality of care provided, and the cost and utilization of the program. The present study discusses peer review issues that emerged from the study: (1) the peer review criteria for quality of care provided, (2) the range of covered services and covered diagnoses under Medicare, (3) the unique patient population aspects, (4) patient participation in the treatment plans and outcome forms used for peer review, (5) the issue of confidentiality of the peer review forms, (6) and findings regarding medical consultation on cases treated by psychologists. The review committee concluded that within the limits of the study, the review system was successful and the quality of services delivered was high. (1 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)