微晶纤维素的制备及性质研究

分别用HCl和H2SO4处理从棉纤维和稻秆中提取的纤维素，制备得到微晶纤维素。研究了酸处理对微晶纤维素的聚合度、结晶度、体积密度和热稳定性的影响．X射线衍射结果表明，纤维素微晶化后仍保持原来的晶型和晶区和非晶区两相共存的微细结构。扫描电子显微镜测试结果表明，不同原料，酸处理后所得产物的形态不同．     

纳米微晶纤维素胶体的流变性研究

深入研究了体系的质量分数、温度、剪切速率、pH值、盐浓度对纳米微晶纤维素胶体黏度的影响,发现纳米微晶纤维素胶体具有剪切稀化性,高温度、高酸碱度和无机盐存在条件下的良好增稠性,具有优异的流变学性质,可以用于食品,医药,日用化工等多种行业。     

剑麻纤维素微晶的制备与表征

通过对剑麻纤维进行预处理、碱处理、酸解等步骤制备剑麻纤维素微晶,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、偏光显微镜(POM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)等方法对产物进行了表征。红外谱图分析表明,所制备的剑麻纤维素微晶的主要成分为纤维素;而XRD、POM和SEM结果表明,剑麻纤维素微晶以纤维素Ⅰ的形式存在,长度尺寸在50μm~150μm之间,直径10μm左右;DSC和TGA热分析结果表明,剑麻纤维素微晶在323.7℃处有一尖锐的结晶熔融吸热峰,其初始热分解温度达到337℃,比普通剑麻纤维的初始热分解温度提高60℃,并且其在700℃时的最后残留物仅为0.05%。     

甘蔗渣微晶纤维素增强聚乙烯醇复合膜的性能研究

以甘蔗渣微晶纤维素(BCMC)作为增强材料,聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为基体,制备了BCMC/PVA复合膜材料,并对复合膜的结构、热稳定性能、力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,甘蔗渣微晶纤维素增强复合膜材料的热稳定性能和力学性能。当BCMC的质量分数为5%时增强效果最佳,与纯PVA膜相比,起始分解温度和最大重量损失率温度分别增加了11.71℃和36.86℃,拉伸强度提高了17.52%,断裂伸长率提高了29.58%。     

马来酸酐固相接枝微晶纤维素

研究了马来酸酐(MAH)固相接枝微晶纤维素(MCC)的反应工艺,并通过红外光谱、X射线衍射对微晶纤维素及其接枝产物进行了对比表征。红外结果表明,接枝产物在1719.13cm-1处出现了酯基的伸缩振动吸收峰,可定性地说明马来酸酐与微晶纤维素发生了接枝反应。X射线衍射结果表明,接枝反应并没有改变微晶纤维素的结晶结构,仅使其结晶度下降。文中探讨了接枝反应温度、时间和MAH用量等因素对接枝取代度的影响。当马来酸酐与微晶纤维素质量比为8%,反应温度90℃,反应时间3h,可得到取代度达0.1的马来酸酐接枝微晶纤维素。     

纳米纤维素微晶的制备、改性及其应用

纳米纤维素微晶(NCC)具有多种优良性能,成为纳米技术研究的热点。综述了 NCC 的化学制备方法,主要包括酸水解法、酶解法和纤维氧化降解法;对 NCC 的改性技术进行了介绍,主要包括乙酰化改性、阳离子化改性、硅烷化改性、羧基化改性及聚合物接枝;并对其在复合材料、医药及食品等领域的应用进行了介绍;最后概述了NCC 的发展前景。     

微晶纤维素改性对聚乙烯醇薄膜性能的影响

目的研究不同添加量的微晶纤维素(MCC)对聚乙烯醇(PVA)薄膜性能的影响。方法通过共混溶液流延法制备得到MCC质量分数不同(0%,1%,2%,3%,4%)的PVA薄膜,测定分析MCC含量不同对PVA薄膜的颜色、光学性能、力学性能、阻隔性能、热稳定性和表面微观形态的影响。结果随着MCC含量的增加,PVA薄膜的透光率和断裂伸长率显著降低,雾度和抗拉强度显著增加,与纯PVA薄膜相比,MCC质量分数为4%的PVA薄膜的抗拉强度增加了64.8%,断裂伸长率降低了14.7%,水蒸气透过系数显著降低。当MCC质量分数从0%增加到3%时,薄膜的氧气透过系数由2.145×10~(-16) cm~3·cm/(cm~2·s·Pa)降低到1.393×10~(-16) cm~3·cm/(cm~2·s·Pa),但当MCC质量分数为4%时,薄膜的氧气透过系数略有增加。MCC的加入使得薄膜的热稳定性提高,初始分解温度略有升高,当MCC质量分数为4%时,薄膜表面和横截断面局部区域可以观察到少量的大颗粒出现团聚现象。结论 MCC的加入提高了PVA薄膜的力学性能、疏水性、阻隔性、热稳定性,控制好其加入量可以有效改善PVA薄膜的性能。     

纳米微晶纤维素应用于水泥基材料研究综述

由于纳米微晶纤维素(nanocrystalline cellulose,NCC)具有高模量、极高长径比和大比表面积等特性,近几年来NCC在水泥基材料中的应用成为了研究前沿和热点。虽然NCC在水泥基材料中的应用研究还处于初级阶段,但却为改善水泥基材料性能提供了一个新的研究方向。本文综述了近几年国内外对NCC在水泥基材料中的应用研究,主要介绍了NCC在水泥基材料中的存在形式,及其对水泥基材料的流变性、水化、力学性能和耐久性的影响。最后,分析了NCC在研究中存在的问题,并对NCC今后的研究方向给出了可行性建议。     

玉米秸皮微晶纤维素制备实验研究及参数优化

目的开辟玉米秸秆综合利用的新途径,减少对环境的污染和破坏。方法利用玉米秸皮进行微晶纤维素的制备,并对制备的微晶纤维素的成分、含量及不同制备条件下微晶纤维素的聚合度进行测定和分析。结果根据实验结果可知,当反应时间为69 min,反应温度为50℃,纤维素酶质量为0.98 g时,玉米秸秆皮微晶纤维素的聚合度取得最优值为104;同时,利用响应面法分析了各因素对响应值的影响规律,建立了回归方程,根据方差分析结果,所建立的方程具有极显著性。结论玉米秸皮微晶纤维素的制备及在喷墨打印纸制备产业的应用,为玉米秸秆的综合利用提供了有效的途径。     

玉米秸秆微晶纤维素增强壳聚糖复合膜材料性能研究

采用玉米秸秆微晶纤维素作为增强材料,生物可降解材料壳聚糖作为基体,制备了玉米秸秆微晶纤维素/壳聚糖复合膜材料,并对复合膜的结构、热稳定性能、力学性能进行了测试.结果表明,玉米秸秆微晶纤维素增强复合膜材料的热稳定性能和力学性能.当玉米秸秆微晶纤维素的质量分数为10％时增强效果最佳,与纯的壳聚糖膜相比,复合膜的起始分解温度和最大重量损失率温度分别提高了13.13℃和38.84℃,拉伸强度提高了83.55％,断裂伸长率提高了77.38％.     

Directional Bonding in Compacted Microcrystalline Cellulose

The mechanical properties of compacts of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and silicified microcrystalline cellulose (SMCC) were evaluated by tensile testing, diametric compression testing, and compression testing. For tensile and compression testing, cubic specimens were carefully machined from MCC and SMCC compacts, and the tensile and compression strengths were evaluated both normal and parallel to the compaction direction. The cubic tensile strengths were compared to values obtained from the diametric compression test. The results obtained using the diametric compression test suggested compacts of SMCC exhibit greater strength than those of MCC. In addition, the cubes machined from compacts of MCC and SMCC exhibited directional strength; the direction normal to the compaction direction displayed the greater tensile strength; and the parallel direction had greater compression strength. The diametric compression test afforded strength values with reduced spread compared to the values collected from the cubic tensile test, suggesting that the errors involved in collecting diametric compression test data of compacts are less than those for the cubic tensile test. Analysis of the cubes using X-ray diffraction (XRD) suggested that they display directional structural anisotropy, with the direction normal to the compaction direction being more crystalline than the parallel direction. However, it is not clear whether the difference in the directional strength is solely a consequence of the increased crystallinity or a culmination of crystallographic and mechanical keying effects.     

Directional Bonding in Compacted Microcrystalline Cellulose

The mechanical properties of compacts of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and silicified microcrystalline cellulose (SMCC) were evaluated by tensile testing, diametric compression testing, and compression testing. For tensile and compression testing, cubic specimens were carefully machined from MCC and SMCC compacts, and the tensile and compression strengths were evaluated both normal and parallel to the compaction direction. The cubic tensile strengths were compared to values obtained from the diametric compression test. The results obtained using the diametric compression test suggested compacts of SMCC exhibit greater strength than those of MCC. In addition, the cubes machined from compacts of MCC and SMCC exhibited directional strength; the direction normal to the compaction direction displayed the greater tensile strength; and the parallel direction had greater compression strength. The diametric compression test afforded strength values with reduced spread compared to the values collected from the cubic tensile test, suggesting that the errors involved in collecting diametric compression test data of compacts are less than those for the cubic tensile test. Analysis of the cubes using X-ray diffraction (XRD) suggested that they display directional structural anisotropy, with the direction normal to the compaction direction being more crystalline than the parallel direction. However, it is not clear whether the difference in the directional strength is solely a consequence of the increased crystallinity or a culmination of crystallographic and mechanical keying effects.     

微晶纤维素/CdS纳米复合材料的原位复合反应

以微晶纤维素(MCC)为模板,采用原位复合法制备MCC/CdS纳米复合材料。研究了超声波预处理以及镉离子、硫离子物质的量比对复合效果的影响,用扫描电镜(SEM),原子力显微镜(AFM),X射线衍射,荧光光谱(PL)以及激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)对复合材料的结构及性能进行表征。研究表明,超声波预处理后的纤维素对镉离子吸附能力更强,粒径为30 nm~100nm的CdS粒子均匀分布于纤维素表面,所得CdS为立方型晶体,复合材料体现出一定强度的光致发光性,较佳Cd2+∶S2-(物质的量比)为3∶1。     

微晶纤维素的活化对其溶解性能的影响

用胺活化、水活化与超声波活化分别处理了微晶纤维素(MCC)。研究了活化前后微晶纤维素在氢氧化钠-尿素-硫脲中的溶解时间、聚合度、溶解度、纤维表面形态、结晶度以及对分子氢键的影响。结果表明,超声波活化较其他2种活化方法效果更好,且处理功率为60%～99%、处理时间在60～120min内更有利于改善微晶纤维素的溶解性能。     

Extrusion-Spheronization of Blends of Carbopol 934 and Microcrystalline Cellulose

We evaluated the effects of several process variables on the pharmaceutical and drug release properties of extrusion-spheronization pellets of blends of Carbopol 934 and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) containing a high proportion of Carbopol. The model drug was theophylline. Rheological monitoring during mixing was by mixer torque rheometry. Carbopol:MCC blends wetted with a CaCl₂ solution showed different rheological behavior compared to blends with a high proportion of MCC wetted with water only. In contrast to previous suggestions, the optimal wetting point for extrusion did not coincide with the point of peak torque, but occurred just beyond this point, at much lower torque. The influence of process variables on blend properties was investigated with a three-variable factorial design (Carbopol:MCC ratio, wetting liquid proportion, CaCl₂ :Carbopol ratio), and the influence of process variables on pellet properties with a four-variable design (the variables listed plus extrusion screen hole diameter). Blend torque values were strongly influenced by CaCl₂ proportion, while mean pellet diameter was influenced by Carbopol:MCC ratio. Mean pellet diameter also differed depending on whether the pellets contained theophylline. The observed among-formulation differences in theophylline release kinetics were largely explained by differences in pellet size and theophylline hydration state. Compaction of pellets to form tablets markedly modified the drug release profile, making it biphasic.     

Extrusion-Spheronization of Blends of Carbopol 934 and Microcrystalline Cellulose

We evaluated the effects of several process variables on the pharmaceutical and drug release properties of extrusion-spheronization pellets of blends of Carbopol 934 and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) containing a high proportion of Carbopol. The model drug was theophylline. Rheological monitoring during mixing was by mixer torque rheometry. Carbopol:MCC blends wetted with a CaCl₂ solution showed different rheological behavior compared to blends with a high proportion of MCC wetted with water only. In contrast to previous suggestions, the optimal wetting point for extrusion did not coincide with the point of peak torque, but occurred just beyond this point, at much lower torque. The influence of process variables on blend properties was investigated with a three-variable factorial design (Carbopol:MCC ratio, wetting liquid proportion, CaCl₂ :Carbopol ratio), and the influence of process variables on pellet properties with a four-variable design (the variables listed plus extrusion screen hole diameter). Blend torque values were strongly influenced by CaCl₂ proportion, while mean pellet diameter was influenced by Carbopol:MCC ratio. Mean pellet diameter also differed depending on whether the pellets contained theophylline. The observed among-formulation differences in theophylline release kinetics were largely explained by differences in pellet size and theophylline hydration state. Compaction of pellets to form tablets markedly modified the drug release profile, making it biphasic.     

微晶纤维素表面接枝对苯二胺的制备及其荧光性能

以微晶纤维素(MCC)为原料,高碘酸钠(NaIO4)为氧化剂首先制备了双醛纤维素(DAC),进而与对苯二胺(PPDA)进行小分子接枝反应,得到对苯二胺改性的微晶纤维素。通过红外光谱、热重分析、示差扫描量热仪和荧光显微镜分别表征了MCC氧化和接枝前后样品的变化,以及产物的荧光性能。结果表明,MCC经高碘酸钠氧化,可选择性地将C2、C3键的羟基氧化成醛基;对苯二胺接枝于DAC后可形成碳氮双键,具有明显的荧光效应。     

氧化微晶纤维素交联壳聚糖复合膜的制备及性能

目的 制备氧化微晶纤维素交联壳聚糖复合膜,并探索交联改性对壳聚糖复合薄膜性能的影响。方法 首先采用高碘酸钠氧化法对微晶纤维素进行氧化处理,制备氧化微晶纤维素,再通过溶液共混流延法制备不同质量分数(0%、1%、3%、5%、7%、9%)的氧化微晶纤维素交联壳聚糖复合薄膜。通过对复合薄膜组分、形貌、力学性能、光学性能、热稳定性及阻隔性能的表征,考察不同含量的氧化微晶纤维素对壳聚糖薄膜各性能的影响。结果 氧化微晶纤维素表面的醛基能与壳聚糖中的氨基发生交联反应,氧化微晶纤维素的加入可以改善壳聚糖薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,复合薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最大分别达到了43.07 MPa和19.42%;随着氧化微晶纤维素含量的增大,复合薄膜的紫外屏蔽性能增强,水蒸气透过系数增高,但热稳定性未见明显变化。结论 采用氧化微晶纤维素交联改性壳聚糖可以有效改善壳聚糖薄膜的力学性能和紫外屏蔽性能,有助于进一步扩大其包装应用范围。     

聚丙烯/微晶纤维素复合材料的非等温结晶动力学研究

用熔融复合法制备聚丙烯/微晶纤维素复合材料,用DSC法研究其非等温结晶行为,分别用Jeziorny法、Ozawa法和Mo法对所得的数据进行处理.结果表明,Jeziorny法和Mo法处理非等温结晶过程比较理想,MCC的加入缩短了t1/2,起到了异相成核作用.