应用预测链接的分布式社会网络隐私保护方法

针对单机工作站环境下处理大规模动态社会网络图时执行效率低,以及动态社会网络发布中数据可用性较差的问题,提出基于预测链接的分布式动态社会网络隐私保护方法D-DSNBLP。该方法通过Pregel-like消息迭代更新模型,实现匿名大规模图数据的并行处理。首先通过快速迭代完成结点分组;其次根据各个组内的结点属性值并行构建候选结点集合;最后通过构建互斥边集合添加边,实现结点的隐私保护。实验表明,D-DSNBLP方法提高了大规模动态社会网络发布的效率,保证了匿名图的数据可用性。     

D-VSSP:分布式社会网络隐私保护算法

针对传统社会网络隐私保护技术对大规模社会网络数据处理效率较低的问题,提出一种分布式结点分裂匿名社会网络隐私保护算法(Distributed-Vertex Splitting Social Network Privacy Preserving,D-VSSP)。D-VSSP算法利用MapReduce和Pregel-like分布式计算模型处理社会网络图数据。首先基于MapReduce分布式计算模型对大图中的结点的标签信息进行标签平凡化、标签平凡化分组和精确分组处理;然后基于Pregel-like的消息传递机制,选举结点分裂,进行分布式结点分裂匿名。实验结果表明,在 对大规模社会网络数据的处理效率上, D-VSSP算法优于传统算法。     

数据多次发布的隐私保护研究进展

数据发布的隐私保护研究主要分为两类:数据单次发布和数据多次发布.目前,数据单次发布的隐私保护研究已经趋于完善.但是在真实的世界中,待发布的数据通常是动态变化的,数据多次发布的隐私保护是目前该领域的研究热点.对数据多次发布的隐私保护研究成果进行了总结,介绍了关系数据和社会网络数据的隐私保护模型,深入地分析了现有的关系数据和社会网络数据多次发布的各种方法,并指明了该领域的未来研究方向.     

保护社区结构的社会网络匿名技术

针对当前社会网络隐私保护方法存在社区结构破坏严重、单工作站处理数据能力低等不足,提出一种保护社区结构的社会网络度匿名SNDA-PCS(socialnetworkdegreeanonymityforprotectingcommunitystructure)方法。社会网络社区发现使用分裂聚集算法,由聚合向量构造的压缩二叉树分组匿名度序列,添加虚拟顶点构造匿名图,根据顶点所属社区设计虚拟顶点删除-添加算法以提高发布图数据可用性。SNDA-PCS算法基于大规模并行图处理系统Graph X实现,实验结果表明,SNDA-PCS算法在满足匿名要求的同时保证了社区结构的可用性。     

基于聚类结构编码的差分隐私异构数据发布

针对异构数据发布的隐私保护以及数据挖掘泛化性问题，提出一种用于聚类分析的异构数据差分隐私发布方案。为了解决处理隐私信息后缺乏正确引导的问题，将原始数据分组为集群，并利用集群标签对数据的集群结构进行编码，还为异构数据定制了一个同时考虑关系属性和集值属性的距离度量集群。在保留集群结构的同时迭代地概括原始数据。进一步在原始数据中加入噪声从而满足ε-差分隐私的要求。在满足差分隐私原则的前提下，提出一种同时处理关系数据和集值数据的不确定性算法，不同类型的数据以类似的方式进行匿名化。通过实验验证了该方法能够有效解决异构数据发布问题。     

面向子图匹配的社会网络隐私保护方法

云平台作为存储和处理分析大规模社会网络数据的工具逐渐变为主流,针对大规模社会网络子图匹配隐私保护问题,提出分布式K-自同构社会网络隐私保护算法,保护上传至云平台的社会网络图的结构隐私。通过节点间传递标记信息的方式添加噪声边,使原始图匿名为具有k个对称子图的K-自同构社会网络图。提出分布式的子图匹配方法对上传图进行子图匹配,根据搜索图中节点的选择性对搜索图进行分解得到搜索分解子图;在每个计算节点内进行分布并行的子图匹配得到搜索分解子图匹配结果,将结果连接后得到关于搜索图的匹配结果;在客户端中根据K-自同构社会网络图的对称性和K-自同构函数对得到的子图匹配结果进行恢复和过滤得到正确匹配结果。实验结果表明:分布式K-自同构社会网络隐私保护算法和分布式子图匹配方法在处理大规模社会网络图时具有很高的效率,并且有效解决了隐私泄露问题。     

动态社会网络隐私保护方法研究*

针对动态社会网络数据多重发布中用户的隐私信息泄露问题,结合攻击者基于背景知识的结构化攻击,提出了一种动态社会网络隐私保护方法。该方法首先在每次发布时采用k-同构算法把原始图有效划分为k个同构子图,并最小化匿名成本;然后对节点ID泛化,阻止节点增加或删除时攻击者结合多重发布间的关联识别用户的隐私信息。通过数据集实验证实,提出的方法有较高的匿名质量和较低的信息损失,能有效保护动态社会网络中用户的隐私。     

基于Skyline计算的社交网络关系数据隐私保护

随着社交软件的流行，越来越多的人加入社交网络产生了大量有价值的信息，其中也包含了许多敏感隐私信息。不同的用户有不同的隐私需求，因此需要不同级别的隐私保护。社交网络中用户隐私泄露等级受社交网络图结构和用户自身威胁等级等诸多因素的影响。针对社交网络数据的个性化隐私保护问题及用户隐私泄露等级评价问题，提出基于Skyline计算的个性化差分隐私保护策略（PDPS）用以发布社交网络关系数据。首先构建用户的属性向量；接着采用基于Skyline计算的方法评定用户的隐私泄露等级，并根据该等级对用户数据集进行分割；然后应用采样机制来实现个性化差分隐私，并对整合后的数据添加噪声；最后对处理后数据进行安全性和实用性的分析并发布数据。在真实数据集上与传统的个性化差分隐私方法（PDP）对比，验证了PDPS算法的隐私保护质量和数据的可用性都优于PDP算法。     

社会网络数据的k-匿名发布

由于科学研究和数据共享等需要,应该发布社会网络数据。但直接发布社会网络数据会侵害个体隐私,在发布数据的同时要进行隐私保护。针对将邻域信息作为背景知识的攻击者进行目标节点识别攻击的场景提出了基于k-匿名发布的隐私保护方案。根据个体的隐私保护要求设立不同的隐私保护级别,以最大程度地共享数据,提高数据的有效性。设计实现了匿名发布的KNP算法,并在数据集上进行了验证,实验结果表明该算法能够有效抵御部域攻击。     

一种基于有损连接的个性化隐私保护方法

匿名模型是近年来隐私保护研究的热点技术之一,主要研究如何在数据发布中既能避免敏感数据泄露,又能保证数据发布的高效用性。提出了一种(α[s],k)-匿名有损分解模型,该模型通过将敏感属性泛化成泛化树,根据数据发布中隐私保护的具体要求,给各结点设置不同的个性化α约束;基于数据库有损分解思想,将数据分解成敏感信息表和非敏感信息表,利用有损连接生成的冗余信息实现隐私保护。实验结果表明,该模型很好的个性化保护了数据隐私。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。