SUS304不锈钢板点焊接头超声成像及力学性能EI北大核心CSCD

利用超声波水浸聚焦入射法,对1mm厚的SUS304奥氏体不锈钢板点焊接头进行超声C扫描成像检测,研究不同焊接工艺参数下接头的C扫描图像特征,检测分析点焊的熔核直径,并对点焊接头进行拉伸-剪切实验。结果表明：超声波水浸聚焦C扫描成像法能够有效检测点焊熔核直径,为4．76～5．25mm,比金相实测值大2．6％～5．3％;随着焊接电流的增加（4-8kA）,接头的失效载荷均值从7116．8N增加到9707．1N,能量吸收均值从66．3J增加到196J,同时反映在C扫描图像上的熔核直径也从4．76mm增加到5．11mm;当焊接电流增加至9kA时,接头的失效载荷均值下降至6799．5N,能量吸收均值下降至41．3J,此时在C扫描图像上反映出飞溅、焊穿等典型的焊接缺陷。     

DP590双相钢点焊接头的正交试验及超声检测分析

对DP590双相钢点焊接头进行正交试验,研究不同工艺因素对点焊接头失效载荷和焊核直径的影响,确定最优点焊工艺参数,并探讨点焊接头压痕深度的超声测量方法.采用超声波水浸聚焦入射法对1.5 mm厚的DP590双相钢点焊接头进行超声C扫描,获得接头焊核直径,利用超声A扫信号,计算点焊接头压痕深度,并与实际测量结果对比.研究表明:焊接参数对DP590点焊接头的失效载荷与焊核直径的显著性影响一致,从大到小依次为焊接电流、焊接时间、电极压力;DP590点焊接头最优的焊接工艺参数为:焊接时间70 ms,焊接电流15.0 k A,电极压力6.5 k N,在此参数下接头的抗拉强度为9 521.4 N;超声A扫信号计算得到的点焊接头表面压痕率与实际压痕率的误差在2.5%~9.7%,超声计算所得压痕深度与实际测量压痕率较为接近.     

PHS1800热成形钢电阻点焊接头截面特性及工艺优化

目的 研究不同参数下PHS1800热成形钢电阻点焊接头截面特性及其工艺。方法 利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和万能试验机,对点焊接头的焊点熔透率、压痕率、熔核直径、压痕直径及拉伸性能进行测试。结果 随着焊接时间的增加,各截面特性总体呈线性增长的趋势,当焊接时间超过0.6 s时,接头熔核直径减小;随着焊接电流的增大,各截面特性整体呈上升的趋势,当焊接电流为11.5 kA时,熔透率达到峰值,继续增大焊接电流,压痕率迅速上升;随着焊接压力的增大,熔透率增至59.17%后不断减小,压痕率不断增大,熔核直径与压痕直径无明显变化。基于三因素八水平正交实验,确定点焊接头最大拉伸载荷为16.54 kN,其断口为脆性断裂。结论 焊接时间和焊接电流对点焊接头截面特性的影响较为显著,拉伸性能受焊接电流的影响最大。实验得到了成形良好的焊接接头,最优参数如下：焊接时间为0.6s,焊接电流为11.5 kA,焊接压力为2.0 kN。本实验可为热成形钢在汽车加工中的应用提供理论基础和技术支持。     

DP780高强钢胶接点焊过程声发射信号特征及接头强度预测

针对1.2 mm厚的DP780高强钢板进行胶接点焊正交实验,采集胶焊过程的声发射信号,辨析其信号特征,建立接头强度与声发射信号特征参数之间的关系.结果表明:胶焊过程的电极加载、熔核形核和电极卸载三个物理阶段产生三段声发射信号;相比电阻点焊过程,由于胶焊过程存在胶层的烧灼与气化,其熔核形核阶段前段产生的声发射信号的振铃计数和幅值大于电阻点焊,并且飞溅出现时,声发射信号幅值增大;对于未发生飞溅的胶焊过程,焊接接头的失效载荷与熔核形核阶段声发射信号特征参数的振铃计数和正峰值具有较好的线性正相关性,据此可为胶接点焊过程焊接质量的在线检测与控制提供依据.     

DP780高强钢胶接点焊的多元非线性回归模型

基于Box-Behnken Design(BBD)设计方法,开展DP780高强钢胶接点焊的试验研究。以接头的失效载荷、熔核直径为目标量,将焊接电流、焊接时间、电极压力以及各参数之间的交互作用作为影响目标量的因素,建立DP780高强钢胶接点焊接头多元非线性回归模型。试验验证表明,建立的多元非线性回归数学模型具备高的显著性且拟合程度高,可实现对接头失效载荷、熔核直径的有效预测;胶焊接头的失效载荷、熔核直径随焊接电流增大及焊接时间的延长而增大,随电极压力的减小而递增;基于回归模型获得最优工艺参数:焊接电流8.3 kA,焊接时间150 ms,电极压力0.3 MPa,对应参数下接头的失效载荷达到16 369 N。借助超声C扫图像甄别出焊核外存在胶层烧灼气化区,当焊接时间较短时,焊接电流的增加会提供更多的热输入量,导致胶层烧灼气化面积增大,进而降低接头的静力学性能。     

SUS304不锈钢点焊与胶焊接头的疲劳强度分析

通过拉剪实验测定1.5mm厚SUS304不锈钢点焊接头、胶焊接头的抗拉强度,并开展疲劳实验,获得不同应力水平下两种接头的疲劳寿命,得到两种接头的载荷-寿命曲线;借助扫描电镜分析接头疲劳失效过程。结果表明:当焊接电流为10.0kA、焊接时间为80ms、电极压力为0.5 MPa时,能获得较好的胶焊接头。在此焊接参数下,点焊接头、未固化胶焊接头和固化胶焊接头的平均失效载荷分别为12 825.5N、10 345.6N、10 022.9N;在疲劳实验载荷-寿命曲线的有限寿命区内,SUS304不锈钢胶焊接头的疲劳强度均大于点焊接头;点焊接头和胶焊接头的疲劳失效形式主要由母材眉状裂纹失效和界面撕裂失效两种形式组成;胶焊接头的疲劳失效过程中,首先是胶层粘接失效,随后疲劳裂纹从板间内表面热影响区边缘萌生,沿板厚与板宽方向扩展直至发生疲劳失效。     

Ti/Al异种金属微电阻点焊接头力学性能及显微组织

目的 对0.2 mm厚的TC4和2A12薄板进行微电阻点焊研究,并确定最佳工艺参数。方法 通过测量接头剪切强度以及观察接头横截面形貌,研究工艺参数对接头拉剪力的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对点焊接头的连接特征及断裂行为进行深入研究,借助金相显微镜对接头微观组织进行分析。结果 焊接时间对接头的抗拉剪力没有显著影响,当焊接电流为4.2 kA,电极压力为110 N,焊接时间为10 ms时,取得最大剪切强度125.82 N。接头有两种断裂方式,分别为沿熔核中心断裂和纽扣状断裂。沿熔核中心断裂的断口呈现脆性断裂的特征,钮扣状断裂的断口熔核中心处呈韧性断裂特征,其热影响区呈脆性断裂特征。结论 实现了Ti/Al薄板的微电阻点焊,并通过改变工艺参数获得良好的剪切性能。观察焊缝的显微组织发现,远离熔核中心、靠近铝母材侧的区域,由于铝侧母材散热较好,组织为等轴晶以及细小的柱状晶,晶粒较小。靠近熔核中心的区域为组织较为粗大的柱状枝晶。     

建筑镀锌钢板的焊接接头组织与性能研究

采用电阻点焊的方法对建筑镀锌钢板进行了焊接处理,研究了不同焊接电流条件下焊接接头力学性能和熔核区显微形貌,并分析了电流强度对镀锌钢板组织与性能的影响。结果表明,镀锌钢板基材由亮白色的马氏体和灰色的铁素体组成,岛状马氏体均匀分布在铁素体基体上;当焊接电流从8.5 kA增加至12.0 kA时,镀锌钢板焊接接头熔核区中未见焊接缺陷的存在,但是焊接电流的增加使得熔核中的柱状晶有逐渐变粗的趋势,熔核中心区域的晶粒在一定程度上得到粗化;随着焊接电流的增加,镀锌钢板的拉剪力和熔核直径呈现先增加而后降低的趋势,在焊接电流为10.5 kA时取得最大值。     

SiCp/Al复合材料电阻点焊剪切断口形貌

为了优化SiC p/Al复合材料电阻点焊工艺参数,采用不同焊接电流和焊接时间对SiCp/Al复合材料进行了电阻点焊连接,对接头进行了剪切强度试验,用扫描电镜对不同的点焊剪切断口进行微观形貌分析.结果表明:最优的焊接电流和时间匹配值为焊接电流I=14.6 kA,焊接时间t=0.2 s,配合电极压力F=2 500 N点焊,熔核直径适中,接头拉剪力可达1 693 N;撕开后的焊点断口两侧分别呈规则的圆凸台和圆孔状,呈纽扣型断裂,接头成型良好.当焊接电流和时间的匹配值小于最优参数时,点焊接头只有少量的点形成冶金结合,呈结合面断裂,焊接强度较低;当焊接电流和时间的匹配值大于最优参数时,点焊接头易过热,断口上出现气孔、裂纹、电极粘附烧蚀缺陷,接头强度降低.     

TRIP980高强钢/SPCC低碳钢的异种钢板电阻点焊接头组织及力学性能研究

采用电阻点焊对1.5 mm等厚TRIP980高强钢/SPCC低碳钢板进行焊接。以点焊接头的拉剪载荷为评价指标。利用电子拉伸试验机、显微硬度仪、OM、SEM、EBSD、EDS对所获得的较优焊接参数时的点焊接头性能及显微组织进行测试和分析。结果表明,点焊接头的熔核呈椭圆形,熔核由SPCC低碳钢侧向TRIP980高强钢侧偏移;点焊接头的拉剪断裂位置发生在结合面边缘近SPCC低碳钢侧的熔合区处,断口为脆性断裂;SPCC低碳钢侧熔核硬度低于TRIP980高强钢侧,但SPCC低碳钢侧熔合区硬度出现峰值;母材的部分互熔使熔核中C、Mn、Si、Al等元素浓度由TRIP980高强钢侧到SPCC低碳钢侧均匀递减;近SPCC低碳钢侧熔合区组织差异较大,近母材侧为软相铁素体,近熔核侧为硬相马氏体,这种组织差异导致的应力集中是影响接头力学性能的主要原因。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to