一种二维片上网络路由器的设计实现

片上网络(Network on Chip, NoC)作为解决众核芯片互连的主流方案,其性能很大程度上取决于网络的拓扑结构。而网络拓扑结构的效能受到网络路由器的直接影响。因此,基于特定拓扑结构的路由器设计实现具有非常重要的研究意义。因此将XY路由算法应用于路由器节点中,设计了基于2D Mesh拓扑结构、轮询仲裁机制与虫孔交换流控的片上网络路由器,并使用Modelsim对路由器进行了功能验证。实验结果表明,设计的路由器能满足微片数据的处理,能够正确的收发数据包。     

基于2DMesh拓扑结构的NoC模拟器设计

片上网络模拟器的设计涉及到片上网络的拓扑结构、路由器结构、路由算法、性能分析等诸多方面。从NoC模拟器设计的角度,研究并讨论模拟器所采用的拓扑结构,路由器结构及数据包格式。介绍拓扑结构模拟、IP核模拟、路由模拟,并且用面向对象语言C＋＋实现一个NoC模拟器系统。     

基于2D Mesh拓扑结构的NoC模拟器设计

片上网络模拟器的设计涉及到片上网络的拓扑结构、路由器结构、路由算法、性能分析等诸多方面.从NoC模拟器设计的角度,研究并讨论模拟器所采用的拓扑结构,路由器结构及数据包格式,介绍拓扑结构模拟、IP核模拟、路由模拟,并且用面向对象语言C++实现一个NoC模拟器系统.     

基于动态规划的暗硅背景下功率受限众核系统芯片功率分配方法研究

高性能众核系统芯片快速增长的功耗成为限制其性能发展的瓶颈之一。由于受到散热、封装、外部供电能力等限制,众核系统芯片的功率预算不足以支撑芯片内所有处理器核同时正常工作。针对暗硅背景下功率受限的情况,对众核系统芯片功率分配进行了研究。提出一种新的能量分配算法--基于动态规划的并行分配方式,在功率受限的情况的下达到最优化性能。通过实验证明,与其他三种知名的方法相比,可以有效的减少30%的执行时间,同时运行开销和硬件成本也比较小,这使得该方案适用于未来的众核系统。     

支持双拓扑结构的片上网络评估高层仿真平台

为实现高效的NoC（片上网络）性能评估, 缩短系统芯片的开发周期, 针对时钟精确级的NoC仿真方法进行研究, 提出了一种新型的高层次、高效率仿真平台, 与仅支持网格拓扑结构的传统仿真器相比, 其创新地支持了网格和环型双拓扑结构的性能评估, 同时支持虚通道扩展的路由器结构设计, 能快速得到网络的延迟、吞吐率、功耗等性能结果。实验结果表明, 该仿真平台能准确模拟NoC功能行为, 快速获得其仿真性能, 为NoC设计验证提供了高效的方法。     

面向MPI集合操作的定制化片上网络

根据计算趋近数据的原则,提出面向MPI集合操作的定制化片上网络设计方法,通过增强现有片上路由器的硬件功能实现MPI集合操作在网络层的加速。设计MPI归约操作,将其扩展至多种集合操作,并与一种针对确定性路由算法且可动态学习消息传输路径的自适应方法相结合,使集合操作可在扩展后的片上路由器上完成,加速处理过程并减少处理器核负载。此外,提出片上路由器的微体系结构设计方法,比较不同片上网络中扩展后的片上路由器布局并评估相应性能、功耗和片上面积。测试结果表明,与基于软件的最优实现相比,该方法在仅消耗有限功耗与片上面积的基础上,可使MPI归约性能提升6.4~41.7倍,广播性能提升15.3~31.2倍,全局归约性能提升5.4~9.7倍,收集性能提升1.3~1.8倍。     

面向数据包处理的众核处理器核资源分配方法

众核处理器具有强大的并行处理能力,成为提升路由器转发性能的有效途径.基于众核处理器的数据包处理采用多级流水线结构,每个流水阶段的执行时间不同,要求分配不同的核数.已有的核资源均衡分配方法(equi-partition,EQUI)为每个流水阶段分配相同的核数,存在核资源浪费等缺点,限制了数据包处理性能.提出了一种众核处理器资源优化方法,即根据数据包的处理步骤将其划分成多个子阶段,通过统计各阶段的总执行时间,按执行时间比例分配给各个模块所需核数.与已有的EQUI相比,核资源最佳分配方法在数据包转发速率上提高了约20%.     

基于多FPGA的NoC多核处理器验证平台设计

为了能够灵活地验证和实现自主设计的基于NoC的多核处理器,缩短NoC多核处理器的设计周期,提出了设计集成4片Virtex-6-550T FPGA的NoC多核处理器原型芯片设计/验证平台.分析和评估了NoC多核处理器的规模以及对FPGA硬件资源的需求,在此基础上给出了集成4片FPGA的开发板详细设计方案,并对各主要模块如互联架构、电源、板级时钟分布、接口技术、存储资源等关键设计要点进行阐述.描述了开发板各个主要模块的测试过程和结果,表明了该设计的可行性.     

面向E级超算系统的众核片上存储层次研究

当前众核已成为构建高性能计算（HPC）超级计算机的主流微处理器架构，为HPC领域E级超算提供强大的算力。随着众核处理器片上集成的运算核心数量不断增加，众多核心对存储资源竞争愈加激烈，“访存墙”问题越来越突出。众核片上存储层次是缓解“访存墙”问题并帮助HPC应用更好地发挥众核处理器的计算优势以提升实际应用性能的重要结构。众核片上存储层次的设计对众核片上系统性能、功耗和面积具有重要影响，是众核结构设计中的重要环节，也是业界的研究热点。由于众核芯片发展历史和片上微体系结构设计技术的不同，以及所面向的应用领域需求不同等原因，目前的HPC主流众核片上存储层次结构并不单一，但从横向比较和各处理器自身纵向发展趋势，以及从HPC与数据科学、机器学习不断融合发展带来的应用需求变化来看，SPM+Cache的混合结构最可能成为今后HPC E级超算系统众核处理器片上存储层次设计的主流选择。在面向E级计算的软件和算法层面，开展针对众核存储层次特点的设计与优化，可以帮助HPC应用更好地发挥众核处理器的计算优势，从而有效提升实际应用性能，因此面向众核片上存储层次特点的软件及算法设计与优化技术也是业界的研究热点之一。...     

支持服务质量的片上网络路由器设计

系统芯片的复杂应用使得片上互连成为系统性能的瓶颈,因此出现了以片上网络为核心的通信结构,而路由器是片上网络的关键部件,它完成数据在片上网络拓扑结构上的传输.设计了支持服务质量的片上网络路由器.采用面向连接的细粒度数据交换方式为确保通信服务提供严格的端对端延迟需求,采用无连接的数据交换方式支持尽力而为通信服务,同时采用均衡片上通信负载的路由算法,有效地提高了平均通信性能.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.