风景名胜区与旅游

本文论述了旅行与游览的不同概念,列出了风景名胜区的功能,保护与开放的辩证关系。强调风景名胜区不是产业没有理由成为企业,不能利用人民自己的财产从人民身上谋利。明确了风景名胜区管理与旅游服务是两种不同的专业领域,就深入了解各自的本质,掌握不同的运行规律,严格分工,紧密衔接,才能使风景名胜区得以永续利用。     

Design and development and exclusions

Organisations that seek accredited certification to the quality management systems standard ISO 9001: 2000, or transfer to the new edition of the standard from the 1994 version, can exclude any part of sub-clause 7, provided such exclusions can be justified. Exclusions can be easily justified in some cases, but others, such as sub-clause 7.3, 'design and development', are sometimes more difficult to justify. This paper gives an interpretation of sub-clause 7.3, and discusses exclusions in manufacturing companies and service industries (a field marketing company, and nursing homes)     

混凝土裂缝与防水防渗

分析了混凝土产生裂缝的原因,根据调查和试验资料,对混凝土裂缝的防水防渗现象进行了理论分析,并提出了常用的混凝土裂缝渗漏的四种处理方法,以满足混凝土裂缝的防水防渗要求。     

Housing and Social and Material Vulnerabilities

Issues around the materiality of housing and inequality are increasingly important today. Yet, housing researchers have not settled on conceptual tools to account for and study the role of both social and material characteristics of people and their housing. Outlining a new research agenda, I use the idea of social and material vulnerabilities to stress the need to always account for how material and social characteristics relate in myriad ways that render some people and certain material environments more vulnerable than others. I suggest typologies and comparisons as useful tools researchers might use to investigate relationships – that can be malleable yet are often institutionalized – between social and material vulnerabilities, and caution against some assumptions that may skew our understandings of housing. I argue that attending to the social and material vulnerabilities of housing reveals ways in which the materiality of other built environments might also be important.     

公路中小桥涵水文分析计算

中小桥涵是公路工程的重要组成部分,水文分析计算关系到中小桥涵跨径及总体方案的拟定,对保障公路安全、节省公路造价具有重要意义。文章介绍了公路中小桥涵水文分析计算的内容和方法,并通过介绍具体的工程实例,对公路中小桥涵水文分析计算起到一定的借鉴作用。     

The nature and extent of urban and village foundation and improvement in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Ireland

Conventionally, Irish historians have assumed that the widespread urban and village foundation and improvement that occurred in Ireland between circa 1700 and 1845 came about largely as the result of the direct intervention of members of the landowning minority. These people are held to have engaged in the extension or reconstruction of settlement as a means of exerting control over exchange and marketing or of asserting their social status through patterns of conspicuous consumption. This paper argues that while this sort of direct involvement by landowners was important in some cases, their involvement in urban modernization in Ireland was much more likely to be indirect. Commonly, it was limited to the construction of new markets and other public utilities and to the provision of building leases. These encouraged a wide spectrum of other social groups to participate in the process of reconstruction. The identity of these other participants is explored and a typology of urban and village foundation and improvement established which places these later transformations within the context of the inherited pattern of earlier, medieval and plantation, urban space.     

草坪和混凝土及砖地面的热过程与设计

针对环境设计的重要性,主要从草坪、混凝土、砖地面这些最基本的建筑材料的热工设计出发,进行了详细地阐述,以使设计人员在经济、美观的基础上使受众人群可以真正触及环境给人们带来的享受。     

室内设计与真善美的追求

指出真、善、美三位一体的审美思想是人们评价设计作品的标准,分析了真、善、美的内涵,并将现代室内设计的评价标准"实用、经济、美观"与真、善、美的内涵对应起来进行诠释,以创造出安全、高效、经济和舒适的室内环境。     

Mapping and monitoring contaminated-sediment geometry and stability

Environment Canada's National Water Research Institute (NWRI) conducts research on freshwater contaminated sediments, much of which is focused on designated areas of concern in the Great Lakes and their connecting channels. This paper reviews new acoustic and video equipment and procedures developed to map the geometry and stability of the sediments, and describes their applications. A RoxAnn acoustic seabed-classification system is used for mapping bottom-sediment types and locating the deposits of fine-grained sediments with which contaminants are associated. The system uses the acoustic properties of sediments to distinguish textural types ranging from mud to boulders, and displays the data as they are collected. The sediment thickness is measured with a weighted video-acoustic tripod which is lowered into the sediments to refusal, and which recorded penetration with a video camera or an echosounder transducer. The stability of the contaminated sediments was monitored with a bottom-mounted, high-precision echo sounder-digitizer, which logs changes in the position of the sediment-water interface produced by erosion or deposition. The same procedure can be used in capping or dredging projects to track bottom changes as they occur, or they can be measured by pre- and post-project mapping of bathymetry and morphology with sweep-sonar or side-scan sonar equipment. The new equipment and procedures have been successfully applied to a number of areas of concern in the Great Lakes basin. They provide a faster and more detailed characterization of sediment properties and geometry than was previously available, and have been particularly effective in optimizing sampling surveys and monitoring remediation projects.     

清洁生产与节能省地住宅

节能省地型住宅是我国住宅产业发展的长远目标,本论文尝试引用清洁生产的理念,从技术、经济、能源多角度减弱节能省地型住宅在建设和使用全寿命过程中对资源和环境的影响,实现建筑产品的可持续发展。     

非视觉感观与城市和建筑

从分析听觉,嗅觉和触觉三个感官出发,探讨了城市和建筑的非视觉感观体验,明确指出城市规划和建筑设计不能忽视非视觉因素的存在,以期引导人们撇开视觉强的影响,重新找寻现代城市刻板,冰冷的人工建筑环所缺乏的人性化和自然化。     

直流电与交流电的传输及其优缺点

比较了直流电与交流电传输的优缺点,阐述了我国直流输电的现状和发展前景,介绍了减小输电线路功率损失和电压损失的方法,分析了远距离输电采用高压输电的原因,以达到减小输电线路损耗的功率,提高用电效率的目的。     

Transport and industrial and commercial location

This paper concerns itself with looking at the importance of transport and related infrastructure on the occupancy of new building and premises. Much regional and urban policy focuses on the importance of land use and building availability as an attraction for industrial and commercial growth. Such facilities, however, provide only one form of infrastructure and this study looks at the influence of local transport quality on the exploitation of new premises. It draws upon a large survey of new premises in the Strathclyde region of Scotland for its empirical content and uses multivariate analysis to link infrastructure provision to other spatial attributes which are important in stimulating local economic development.     

机械设备监理重要性及其不足点

人们重视产品质量的程度与社会不断进步的程度成正比例增长,机械设备监理的主要职责是在工程中监督产品生产和安装质量,以确保整个工程质量能够达到标准。本文阐述了关于机械设备监理的重要性及其不足点。     

龙凤呈祥

介绍了我们在设计中如何充分运用传统文化元素,在原有龙形水系基础上创造了凤凰山这景观造型,以体现龙凤呈祥的主题;通过绿色游憩空间的规划设计、各种设施的建立和完善的管理,希望创造一个愉快、舒适、安全的观赛和游览环境;制定各种可持续运营措施、运用相关新技术,以恢复和重建奥林匹克公园园区生态环境.充分发挥"绿色奥运,科技奥运和人文奥运"理念.     

空间文化意境的探索和再创造

根据龙门坝旅游村的具体概况，探讨了空间文化意境的刨造以及创作立意的实现，介绍了空间创作的文化主题，针对龙门坝提出了规划布局方案，满足自然与人文的和谐统一。     

Advantages and disadvantages of chemical oxidation and disinfection by ozone and chlorine dioxide

Ozone and chlorine dioxide present definite advantages and disadvantages over chlorination. Chlroination, particularly for the removal of ammonia and the maintenance of a disinfectant residual in the distribution system has decisive advantages and will be difficult to replace. Ozone and chlorine dioxide seem to produce fewer carcinogenic by-products but the risk fur acute toxicity, especially from the chlorites which follow chlorine dioxide, is higher than with chlorine.Chlorine dioxide and more particularly ozone should be considered as usefulcomplements to chlorination, but no strong oxidative treatment should be applied before most of the organic matter has-been removed.     

韩国统筹城乡规划管理模式及其对我国的启示

2003年1月1日,韩国开始实施统筹城乡规划管理为核心的新规划法。剖析其主要内容有城乡规划全覆盖、统一城乡用地分类及管理部门、多元化规划控制、农村建设用地自由流转等特点。借鉴韩国的统筹城乡规划管理制度,我国应重视城乡规划编制与管理全覆盖、城乡用地一体化管理、农村建设用地自由流转等3个方面的改革与完善,同时需要相关体制与法律联动跟进,才能真正建立统筹城乡规划管理体系。     

Creative and science oriented employees and firm-level innovation

This paper examines the link between innovation and the endowments of creative and science oriented STEM – Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics – workers at the level of the firm and at the city-/regional-level in Germany. It also looks into whether the presence of these two groups of workers has greater benefits for larger cities than smaller locations, thus justifying policies to attract these workers in order to make German cities ‘smarter’. The empirical analysis is based on a probit estimation, covering 115,000 firm-level observations between 1998 and 2015. The results highlight that firms that employ creative and STEM workers are more innovative than those that do not. However, the positive connection of creative workers to innovation is limited to the boundaries of the firm, whereas that of STEM workers is as associated to the generation of considerable innovation spillovers. Hence, attracting STEM workers is more likely to end up making German cities smarter than focusing exclusively on creative workers.     

现代建筑与节能门窗

分析了门窗失热的主要原因，并针对原因论述了应该采取的相应措施，指出从建筑使用能耗的角度讲，只有弄清耗能量大的建筑部位及能耗原因，才能采取相应的有效措施，取得节能的最佳效果。