全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的矿物油

目的建立全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(two-dimensional gas chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry, GC×GC-TOFMS)/氢火焰离子化检测器(flame ionization detector, FID)法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中矿物油的分析方法。方法样品经过提取皂化、0.3%(质量分数)硝酸银硅胶-分子筛硅藻土混合固相萃取(solidphase extraction,SPE)柱净化处理后,采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用进行检测和分析。结果该法实现了饱和烃类矿物油(mineraloilsaturatedhydrocarbons,MOSH)和芳香烃类矿物油(mineraloilaromatichydrocarbons,MOAH)的在线分离,仪器分析时间仅为34min。MOSH和MOAH的检出限为0.5mg/kg,加标回收率为88.0%～97.2%,相对标准偏差为5.0%～8.3%(n=6)。运用该法对20款配方奶粉进行测定,均未检出MOAH,其中11款检出MOSH,含量为0.5～8.2 mg/kg;奶粉中普遍含有奇数碳的正构烷烃和植物甾醇烯类物质,推断矿物油污染可能来源于油墨和润滑油。结论方法灵敏,进一步提高了定量的准确性,可同时进行定性和定量分析,适合于奶粉中矿物油的检测。样品检测结果表明,婴幼儿配方奶粉中矿物油的污染情况需引起关注。     

SPE-PTV-GC-FID法定量分析食用植物油中的饱和烃类矿物油

建立了固相萃取柱(SPE)结合大体积进样-气相色谱-氢火焰离子检测器(PTV-GC-FID)定量分析食用植物油中饱和烃类矿物油(MOSH)的方法。样品经异辛烷提取,自制分子筛-硝酸银硅胶SPE复合柱净化,氮吹浓缩后用程序升温进样口大体积进样分析,外标法定量。重点考察了填料类型、填料用量、洗脱体积等因素对提取效率的影响。结果表明,在优化的条件下,液体石蜡标准溶液在10.0~500.0 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,R~2为0.9991,方法检出限和定量限分别为0.3 mg/kg和1.0 mg/kg,样品在30.0、50.0、100.0 mg/kg 3个水平下的加标回收率为95.7%~102.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)范围为2.64%~4.93%。运用本方法对10个市售食用植物油样品进行了测定,MOSH含量在15.4~80.7mg/kg之间。本方法净化效果好、试剂消耗量少、检出限低且分析成本低,适用于食用植物油中饱和烃类矿物油残留的定量分析,具有较好的推广应用价值。     

SPE-GC-FID法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中饱和烃类矿物油

目的：建立可准确测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中饱和烃类矿物油（MOSH）的固相萃取结合气相色谱—氢火焰离子化检测器（SPE-GC-FID）分析方法。方法：以MOSH的提取量为考察指标，研究了不同提取方法（浸泡提取、振荡提取、超声辅助提取及液液萃取等）和提取溶剂（正己烷、异辛烷、苯及混合溶剂等）对婴幼儿配方奶粉中MOSH的提取效果，确定了最佳提取方法和提取溶剂。在此基础上，利用AgNO₃ SPE固相萃取柱净化提取液，并用气相色谱—氢火焰离子化检测器（GC-FID）进行分析测定。结果：MOSH在10.0～1 000 μg/mL范围内具有良好线性关系，相关系数R²=0.999 97。方法的检出限为1.0 mg/kg，定量限为3.0 mg/kg。MOSH的加标回收率为93.3%～103.7%，相对标准偏差为2.3%～5.9%。应用该方法检测市售8个婴幼儿配方奶粉中的MOSH含量，结果在1.06～9.83 mg/kg，表明婴幼儿配方奶粉存在一定的MOSH污染风险。结论：该方法准确、灵敏，适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中MOSH的检测。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定汽车内饰纺织品中挥发性有机物

本文采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用法对汽车内饰用纺织品中挥发性有机物(VOC)进行了分析。方法采用DB-624毛细管色谱柱分离,质谱检测器检测。色谱进样口温度260℃,分流比10:1,升温程序为初始温度40℃,保持4min,以8℃/min升温至90℃,保持20min,再以10℃/min升至150℃,之后以5℃/min升温至200℃,最后以3℃/min升温至215℃,以高纯氦气为载气,流速1.5mL/min。23种VOC能够完全分离,线性良好,线性相关系数r在0.9968~0.9997之间,最低检出限在0.005mg/m2~0.014mg/m2之间,相对标准偏差RSD值小于6.55%。采用该方法对10份汽车内饰纺织品样品进行了检测,操作简便、快捷,可以用于汽车内饰材料VOC检测。     

酱香型白酒中2,3-丁二酮气相色谱检测方法研究

基于直接进样结合气相色谱（GC）技术,通过优化确认检测方法条件（即柱流速1 mL/min;分流比1∶20;柱温箱升温程序：初始柱温箱40℃,保持2 min,以3℃/min升温至90℃,再以15℃/min升温至230℃,保持20 min）,研究建立了GC外标法定量分析检测酱香型白酒中2,3-丁二酮的方法。结果表明,该方法在质量浓度7.05～117.5 mg/L范围内线性关系良好（R2=0.998）;检出限为0.67 mg/L(S/N=3),定量限为2.24 mg/L(S/N=10);加标回收率范围在82.77%～112.61%之间;日内与日间RSD分别为0.41%和1.44%。该方法操作简便、准确性高、重复性好,可以广泛推广应用于酱香白酒中2,3-丁二酮含量测定。     

亚麻籽油中不同构型反式亚麻酸的气相色谱测定方法北大核心CSCD

为了定量分析亚麻籽油中α-亚麻酸(ALA)顺反异构体,采用SLB-IL111色谱柱,对气相色谱法测定反式亚麻酸(TALA)的分析条件(载气流速和升温程序)进行优化,并对所建立的方法进行评价。结果表明:载气流速选择0.3 mL/min;升温程序为60℃保持5 min,以20℃/min升温至175℃保持15 min,以1℃/min升温至180℃保持28 min,以0.2℃/min升温至185℃保持40 min;该方法可实现9c,12t,15t-C18∶3和9t,12c,15t-C18∶3的较好分离,分离度为0.9,其余各TALA的分离度在1.6~8.7之间;所建立的方法重复性好,测定加热亚麻籽油样时各异构体日间相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.16%~5.65%,日内RSD为2.00%~4.13%,检出限为0.678 2~0.879 0 mg/L,定量限为2.260 6~2.930 1 mg/L;各ALA异构体含量与峰面积之间线性关系良好,相关系数均为0.999 8。综上,所建立的方法可用于亚麻籽油中8种不同构型ALA顺反异构体的定量分析。     

顶空气相色谱法测定香型食用油中六号溶剂的残留量

目的建立顶空气相色谱法分析香型植物油中的溶剂残留量。方法进样口温度为140℃,色谱柱为HP-5(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm),分流比为50:1,升温程序为初始柱温40℃(保持3 min),以25℃/min升至180℃,后运行5 min,检测器温度为200℃。通过优化色谱柱、升温程序和分流比等条件,使六号溶剂的主要成分完全分离。结果在20~600μg范围内,六号溶剂线性关系良好,相关系数r均大于0.998,方法检出限为0.03 mg/kg;在低(50μg)、中(100μg)、高(500μg)3个浓度水平上的加标回收率为92.63%~102.67%,相对标准偏差为0.33%~1.68%(n=6);六号溶剂标准品的实际含量随着储藏时间的延长而降低,不同时间的标准品含量之间差异极显著。结论该方法简便、快速、准确、可靠,适用于食用植物油中六号溶剂残留量的分析测定。     

植物油基鱼罐头中矿物油污染物高灵敏检测方法的建立

本文建立了植物油基鱼罐头中矿物油（MOH）的高灵敏测定方法并调查了部分市售商品的MOH含量。方法采用皂化反应、环氧化反应进行提取和净化，以高效液相色谱-气相色谱联用法（HPLC-GC）分级、富集和定量检测。结果表明:所建立的植物油基鱼罐头中饱和烃矿物油（MOSH）和芳香烃矿物油（MOAH）测定方法的定量限（LOQ）为0.5 mg/kg，加标回收率为90.0%~106.0%，精密度（RSD）为1.6%~12.7%，满足欧洲联合研究中心（JRC）关于高油脂食品中矿物油的分析要求。应用该方法检测了北京地区10个市售鱼罐头产品，发现所有样品均含有MOSH，含量为2.6~53.7 mg/kg，其中5个检出MOAH，含量为0.7~5.5 mg/kg；谱图分析表明这些罐头的MOH污染与其植物油和鱼肉来源密切相关。     

固相萃取结合气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器分析面包中饱和烃类矿物油

为分析面包中饱和烃类矿物油(mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons,MOSH),建立了一种硝酸银硅胶固相萃取GC-FID方法。在优化的前处理及色谱条件下,面包中的MOSH最低检出限为1.0 mg/kg,定量限为3.0mg/kg,一定范围内线性良好(R2=0.999 1),回收率(90.4%~105.1%)和相对标准偏差(3.29%~5.77%)(n=6)均满足方法性能要求。实际样品的分析表明,面包中的MOSH的含量较高,其中MOSH(n-C_(16)-C_(24))最高为101.4mg/kg,MOSH(n-C24-C35)最高为71.3mg/kg。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中12种水溶性维生素

建立了同时测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中多种维生素、牛磺酸等12种水溶性维生素的液相色谱串联质谱测定法。采用MGⅢ-C18色谱柱,以质量分数为0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇为流动相(梯度洗脱),流速为0.25 m L/min,柱温25℃,进样量5μL。方法检出限0.0001~1 mg/kg,高、中、低不同质量分数加标回收率85.0%~95.5%,相对标准偏差为2.9%~9.1%。该法具有样品预处理简单,灵敏度高,分析时间短等优点,适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中上述12种水溶性维生素的同时测定。     

基于液相色谱-气相色谱联用测定巧克力中的饱和烃与芳香烃矿物油

建立基于液相色谱-气相色谱（on-line liquid chromatography-gas chromatography,LC-GC）联用测定巧克力中饱和烃（mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons,MOSH）和芳香烃矿物油（mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons,MOAH）的方法。该方法以正己烷于60 ℃超声提取20 min,取上清液以硅胶除去脂肪,以间氯过氧苯甲酸与烯烃进行环氧化反应,最后以LC-GC联用技术分离测定,其中LC用于保留油脂和烯烃环氧化物,同时分离得到MOSH和MOAH,通过由阀切换、保留间隙与溶剂排空阀组成的LC-GC接口分别将MOSH和MOAH导入2 个平行的GC通道并以氢火焰离子化检测器测定。该方法的定量限为0.5 mg/kg,矿物油在0.5～85.5 mg/L内线性关系良好（R2=0.998）,加标回收率为80.3%～93.8%,相对标准偏差为1.58%～8.22%。测定了28 个巧克力产品中的矿物油含量,其中有20 个产品检出MOSH,含量为1.83～22.23 mg/kg,1 个检出1.57 mg/kg MOAH。谱图分析表明,一些产品中含有塑料迁移出的聚烯烃低聚饱和烃（polyolefin oligomeric saturated hydrocarbons,POSH）,LC-GC无法分离POSH与MOSH,因此测得结果实际上是MOSH和POSH的总量。     

高效液相色谱-气相色谱联用法测定稻谷和大米中的饱和烃矿物油

建立高效液相色谱-气相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography,HPLC-GC）联用测定稻谷和大米中饱和烃矿物油（mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons,MOSH）的方法。首先,采用正己烷提取大米（或稻谷）中的MOSH;稻谷中含有大量天然烷烃,需要用氧化铝净化除去。然后,提取液浓缩后注入HPLC分析。目标物MOSH通过中心切割技术精准分离并转移至GC,以氢火焰离子化检测器测定。方法学考察表明：液体石蜡（MOSH的标准物质）在0.5～100 mg/L范围呈良好线性关系（相关系数为0.999）,方法定量限为0.05 mg/kg,加标回收率为89.1%～91.4%（相对标准偏差为4.6%～5.5%）。应用本方法测定24 个稻谷和大米样品中的MOSH,其含量为0.30～2.30 mg/kg。     

The analysis of saturated and aromatic mineral oil hydrocarbons in dry foods and from recycled paperboard packages by online HPLC–GC–FID

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of mineral oil hydrocarbons in dry foodstuffs packed in recycled paperboard, which were imported from different foreign countries to Germany. After collection, mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in dry foodstuffs and recycled paperboard were analysed using online coupled high-performance liquid chromatography–gas chromatography–flame ionisation detection (online HPLC–GC–FID) far before the end of the shelf life of the samples. Our results showed that recycled paperboard has MOAH content higher than that of dry foodstuffs. The proportion of MOAH within total mineral oil hydrocarbons was determined to be 7–45% in dry foodstuffs and 4–48% in paperboard. In addition, 29% of the products were found to contain over 1.00 mg/kg MOAH, with a maximum of 2.72 mg/kg in oatmeal. White colour recycled paperboard contained lower amounts of MOSH and MOAH than that of brown and grey colour recycled paperboard. The MOSH concentration in dry foodstuffs ranged from 0.11 to 21.92 mg/kg (?C25 hydrocarbons), which may be an indication of rapid migration. The lowest determined MOSH concentrations (?C25 hydrocarbons) were found in sea salt and soda samples, even when their paperboard contained high mineral oil hydrocarbons. Our three samples in packages containing internal bags (for complete barriers) were found to have low mineral oil concentration due to reduced migration through plastic (acrylate-coated polypropylene). However, one sample, a ‘crispy’ product with an internal bag, contained the extreme amount of 21.92 mg/kg. Differences in contaminants observed in both dry foodstuffs and recycled paperboard may have been due to the different packaging and production techniques of the different countries. In addition, 8 of 24 dry foodstuff samples contained MOSH concentrations frequently exceeding the 2.0 mg/kg limit for MOSH C₂₀–C₃₅.     

快餐包装纸中矿物油向固体食品模拟物的迁移

研究从市场上收集到的24 种快餐包装纸中的矿物油向固体食品模拟物Tenax的迁移规律。在多个不同的迁移条件（40 ℃/0.5、1、2、3 h,40 ℃/10 d和70 ℃/2 h）,探究矿物油的迁移行为及其影响因素,以评价其安全性。选择正己烷-乙醇（1∶1,V/V）混合溶液对Tenax进行过夜萃取,采用质量分数0.3%硝酸银固相萃取柱对饱和烃矿物油（mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons,MOSH）和芳香烃矿物油（mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons,MOAH）进行分离纯化,最后用气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测法和气相色谱-质谱法分别进行定量和定性分析。结果表明：随着温度的升高,多种快餐包装纸中矿物油向Tenax的迁移量也随之增加。涂蜡纸中MOSH迁移量均有所检出,其数值为110.49～615.40 mg/kg,而MOAH部分均未检出,这可能是因为涂蜡纸表面涂覆的石蜡层属于MOSH类,导致其MOSH部分的迁移量较高。网购餐盘纸和常规餐盘纸中MOSH迁移量约为其特定限量值（0.6 mg/kg）的10～400 倍,MOAH的迁移量约为其特定限量值（0.5 mg/kg）的10～70 倍,而使用优质胶印油墨的原生纤维餐盘纸均未超过其限量值。最后,通过对印有胶印油墨的原生纤维餐盘纸中矿物油进行溯源分析,发现经过迁移的矿物油一部分可能来源于其所用油墨,其他来源可能来自于回收纤维、黏合剂、添加剂和加工助剂等。     

婴幼儿配方奶粉及其配料油脂成分中有害酯类的污染差异分析

建立油脂和奶粉中3-氯丙醇酯、2-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯的气相色谱-质谱检测方法,测定植物油脂及婴幼儿配方奶粉中的酯类污染物含量,并开展3 种有害酯类在不同种类油脂中的污染差异分析,以及与奶粉脂肪含量的相关性研究。婴幼儿配方奶粉常用植物油配料种类中,棕榈油是污染水平最高的油脂品种;其次是菜籽油、大豆油、玉米油和食用植物调和油;葵花籽油、椰子油、核桃油、亚麻籽油污染水平较低;1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯（1,3-dioleic acid-2-triglyceride palmitate,OPO）结构油脂、食用植物调合油（含OPO）污染水平最低。95 份婴幼儿配方奶粉中88.4%检出3-氯-1,2-丙二醇酯（3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester,3-MCPDE）,含量范围为ND～0.231 mg/kg,平均值0.070 4 mg/kg,中位值0.064 5 mg/kg;42.1%检出2-MCPDE,含量在ND～0.034 mg/kg之间;缩水甘油酯的检出率为2.1%,含量为ND～0.019 mg/kg。10.5%的奶粉样本中3-MCPDE含量超过欧盟0.125 mg/kg的限量值。奶粉中3 种酯类污染物总量与奶粉脂肪含量之间存在显著正相关,Pearson相关系数为0.453。为保护婴幼儿的安全,生产厂家应谨慎选择原料油脂,在确保营养健康的基础上尽可能降低婴幼儿配方奶粉中有害酯类的污染。     

Migration of mineral oil from printed paperboard into dry foods: survey of the German market

From the German market, 119 samples of dry food were analyzed for the migration of mineral oil. The products selected were packed in paperboard boxes and intended for storage for extended periods of time at ambient temperature. The 0.6 mg/kg limit for mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) derived from the WHO/JECFA evaluation was frequently exceeded by a factor of 10–100. Typically, 10–20% of the migrating mineral oil consisted of aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). Most samples were merely 2–3 months old and far from the end of their shelf life (usually 1–3 years). From the assumption that about 70% of the MOSH and MOAH which are eluted from GC up to the C₂₄ n-alkane (<C24) end up in the food (potential of migration), it was estimated that migration might almost triple before the products reach the end of their shelf life, reaching 31 mg/kg on average, with several samples exceeding 100 mg/kg. At the time of the analysis, products without an internal bag and with a bag of paper or polyethylene reached up to about 80% of the potential of migration (average, 30–50%). Bags of polypropylene, acrylate-coated polypropylene, PET or with an aluminum layer seemed to block migration (with one possible exception), but it was premature to reach conclusions on long-term functional barrier properties. From the comparison with <C₂₄ MOSH concentrations in unprinted recycled paperboards, it was estimated than on average about a quarter of the migrating mineral oil was from printing ink used for decorating the box.     

Determination of mineral oil paraffins in foods by on-line HPLC–GC–FID: lowered detection limit; contamination of sunflower seeds and oils

A method is described to lower the detection limit for mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) in foods as compared to the on-line HPLC–LC–GC–FID method described previously: samples are preseparated (enriched) by conventional liquid chromatography on activated silica gel and activated aluminum oxide. The silica gel retains up to 1 g of fat or oil, the aluminum oxide up to 2 mg n-alkanes of at least 24 carbon atoms, i.e. plant paraffins which may severely hinder the analysis of the mineral paraffins. The efficacy of the method is shown for an apple and sunflower oil. Oils extracted from manually harvested seeds grown in fields or gardens contained between 0.14 and 0.77 mg/kg MOSH. In the oils from seeds sampled in an oil mill, this value was increased to 3.3–9.3 mg/kg, indicating a contamination during harvest, transport and/or storage. Concentrations in commercial refined sunflower oils ranged between 2.7 and 32 mg/kg, averaging 11.2 mg/kg. Since deodorization removes a substantial part of the MOSH, this suggests a further contamination in the oil mill. The contamination affected all samples at a similar level, indicating that it occurs systematically by the presently used technology.     

Concentrations of migrated mineral oil/polyolefin oligomeric saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH/POSH) in Chinese commercial milk powder products

ABSTRACT

Mineral oil contaminants migrated from food contact materials have raised much concern in the past few decades. However, survey data of the occurrence of mineral oils in foods are only available for a limited variety of foods, which do not include the contaminants in Chinese milk powders. Thus, to conduct an analysis of mineral oils migrated into milk powder products from different packaging materials, 50 Chinese commercial samples (including 38 infant formulas), which were packaged in metal cans, paper containers, paper boxes and aluminium foil-plastic bags, were analysed. Mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH), polyolefin oligomeric saturated hydrocarbons (POSH) and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) migrated into those samples were extracted and quantitatively analysed by on-line liquid chromatography coupled with gas chromatography (LC-GC). The results indicated no surface MOAH was detected in any of the samples, while 33 samples contained MOSH/POSH with surface contents of 0.10 ~ 5.09 mg kg^?1. Moreover, the amounts of those MOSH/POSH are closely related to packaging materials, among which the surface contamination values of products in metal cans were the lowest, followed by products in paper containers and boxes, and the values of samples in aluminium foil-plastic bags were the highest. In addition, the surface MOSH/POSH content exhibited a positive correlation with fat content in the samples due to their similar polarities.     

Potential for short-term migration of mineral oil hydrocarbons from coated and uncoated food contact paper and board into a fatty food simulant

ABSTRACT

Mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) are widely used in the food industry for applications such as printing inks, additives, adhesives, and processing aids for food additives. Recently, the migration of MOH from food contact paper and board into foods has raised public health concerns. In this study, a total of 110 food contact paper and board samples, including baking and cooking paper (23), baking cups (28), food packaging bags (22), lunch boxes (8), party plates (26), and straws (3) were evaluated to quantify the content and short-term migration levels of MOH. The MOH were separated into mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH)/polyolefin oligomeric saturated hydrocarbons (POSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) via a validated on-line liquid chromatography?gas chromatography?flame ionisation detection (LC–GC–FID) technique. The coating materials of the sample products comprised polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and silicone. The effects of the coating materials on the content and migration of MOH/POSH were evaluated. Quantitative analysis of the MOH in the samples showed that the MOSH/POSH and MOAH content varied widely, ranging from 16 to 5626 mg kg^?1 for MOH, regardless of the coating materials. Short-term migration of MOSH/POSH was observed only in samples with polyolefinic coatings, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, in experiments conducted at 25 °C for 10 min, although the extent of MOAH migration for all samples was at the trace level. The migration of MOSH/POSH was detected within the range of 0.93 to 62.3 μg L^?1 in 22 samples, and the migration of MOAH was detected within the range of 0.80 to 2.6 μg L^?1 in only 4 samples. These results demonstrate that although the short-term migration potential of MOH is generally negligible, the migration of MOSH/POSH into wet fatty foods can be accelerated by polyolefinic coatings, even within a very short time.     

Migration of mineral oil from printed paperboard into dry foods: survey of the German market. Part II: advancement of migration during storage

In April 2010, 119 samples of dry foods packed in paperboard boxes and stored at ambient temperature were collected from the German market. The migration of mineral oil from the recycled paperboard and printing ink was analyzed for the first time immediately after collection and reported in Vollmer et al. (Eur Food Res Technol 232:175–182, 2011). It frequently exceeded 10–100 times the 0.6 mg/kg limit for mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) derived from the WHO/JECFA evaluation published in 2002. As most samples were far from the end of the shelf life, analyses were repeated 4 months later and a third time either at the expiry date or after 16 months. The average MOSH concentration in the foods increased from 8.9 to 14.3 mg/kg (by 60 %), which indicates a rapid migration during the first months of storage, but also a further increase up to the end of the shelf life. The maximum migration reached 101 mg/kg. In the third measurement, the average concentration of the migrated mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons was 2.2 mg/kg, with a maximum at 13.2 mg/kg. Most types of food behaved similarly, differences mostly reflecting the types of packaging rather than the food properties. Exceptions were table salt (hardly any migration) and noodles (low migration). Internal bags with an aluminum foil or PET layer were complete barriers. Migration through plastic with vapor-deposited aluminum or acrylate-coated polypropylene was reduced, but still sometimes exceeded 0.6 mg/kg. Internal bags of polyethylene had a weak effect on slowing migration, but acted as a sink for mineral oil: Although on average they only constituted 1.1 % of the total mass of the packs, they absorbed nearly 40 % of the migrating hydrocarbons. Polypropylene was a similar sink. In addition, it strongly slowed migration, but at the third measurement the 0.6 mg/kg limit was nevertheless exceeded in 11 of 16 samples. Polyolefin oligomeric saturated hydrocarbons (POSH) from the plastic or heat-sealable layer, largely branched hydrocarbons similar to MOSH, often migrated in the range of 1–5 mg/kg.