聚氨酯慢回弹块状泡沫的研制

以慢回弹泡沫用聚醚LW-1080和普通软泡聚醚ZS-2802为主原料,制备了聚氨酯慢回弹块状泡沫,讨论了催化剂、硅油、发泡剂、开孔剂及TDI指数对发泡工艺及泡孔结构的影响,并与国内外同类慢回弹聚醚进行了比较.结果表明,复合催化剂胺与锡用量在0.35∶0.06～0.45∶0.10份之间、硅油B-8002的用量在1.0～1.8份之间、发泡剂水的用量在1.5～2.5份之间、开孔剂SK-1900用量在1.5～2.5份之间、TDI指数为80～95时,慢回弹聚氨酯泡沫具有较好的发泡工艺及泡孔结构;LW-1080慢回弹聚醚与国内外同类产品性能相当.     

模塑胀气慢回弹聚氨酯泡沫稳定剂的开发

通过对胀气慢回弹发泡市场主要原料聚醚、异氰酸酯的了解,开发了适用于这些原料的泡沫稳定剂WD557。在适当配方体系下,与进口泡沫稳定剂在泡沫制品芯密度、球回弹、透气性、回复时间、泡孔状况等方面进行了比较。结果表明,WD557基本达到了国外产品的水平,可用于胀气慢回弹模塑发泡的生产。     

耐低温慢回弹聚氨酯海绵材料制备及性能研究

以氯铂酸溶液为催化剂,将烯丙氧基聚氧乙烯醚（APEG）和聚甲基氢硅氧烷（PMHS）进行硅氢加成反应合成有机硅改性聚醚（Si-APEG）,并以其作为耐低温剂,制备耐低温慢回弹聚氨酯（PU）海绵。研究了Si-APEG添加量对海绵表观芯密度、开孔率、拉伸性能、硬度、回弹性能以及温湿度敏感指数的影响。结果表明,当Si-APEG添加量为10份时海绵的泡孔结构较理想,综合力学性能最优,回弹性能最低,同时其温湿度敏感指数低至1.01,硬度在-10℃低温下仍可低至53度,因此该添加量下海绵的综合性能最优。     

聚氨酯阻燃软质泡沫体阻燃和发泡性能的研究

研究了阻燃剂种类和用量对聚氨酯软泡沫阻燃性能的影响,并对发泡剂、催化剂及搅拌时间等因素对软泡沫的密度和发泡高度的影响进行了探讨。     

一种慢回弹聚氨酯汽车座椅组合料的开发

以高活性、高相对分子质量的聚醚多元醇、聚酯醚、交联剂、开孔剂、催化剂以及硅油为A组分,自制改性异氰酸酯为B组分,制备了一种慢回弹聚氨酯汽车座椅组合料。研究了聚酯醚用量、制品密度、催化剂种类、R以及模温等对制品性能及舒适度的影响。结果表明,w(聚酯醚)为16%,产品密度为136～168 kg/m~3,模温为45～50℃,R为0.85时,慢回弹聚氨酯座椅舒适性最佳,且具有优异的力学性能。     

国家标准《慢回弹软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料》的制定

简述了慢回弹海绵的起源、定义、特性及应用领域,详细介绍了国家标准《慢回弹软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料》的制定过程和标准内容,研究了慢回弹海绵各项性能的测定方法和影响因素.     

全水发泡聚氨酯硬质泡沫降噪性能的研究

采用全水发泡工艺,通过对聚醚多元醇、泡沫稳定剂、交联剂、开孔剂及水加入量的凋节,研制了一种具有较高耐压强度的聚氨酯开孔硬质泡沫塑料。对制备原理,聚醚多元醇的选择,开孔剂的用量,水的用量、泡沫塑料厚度及声波频率等因素对降噪性能的影响进行了初步探讨。实验表明,采用芳香胺类聚醚多元醇A和低黏度聚醚多元醇B相配合,开孔剂的用量（相对于聚醚的质量分数）为3％,泡沫稳定剂用量为2％,水的添加量为4％和泡沫厚度为4～5cm时其降噪效果最好。     

高回弹聚氨酯泡沫体影响性能的研究

高回弹聚氨酯泡沫体因其具有良好的物理机械性能,极高的回弹性而广泛应用于床垫制品、家具坐垫、汽车座椅等越来越多的领域.本文采用聚醚多元醇组合料与异氰酸酯进行反应,着重考察异氰酸酯指数、发泡剂、催化剂等对聚氨酯回弹性能的影响.     

慢回弹聚氨酯软泡组合料的制备及应用研究

以慢回弹聚醚、普通聚醚、催化剂、泡沫稳定剂、开孔剂,异氰酸酯等为原料,制备慢回弹聚氨酯聚醚组合料及慢回弹聚氨酯软泡,并检测其性能.结果表明,水用量在2份,L598催化剂在4.5份,模具温度在45℃,异氰酸酯指数在75时,慢回弹聚氨酯软泡具有较好的发泡工艺及泡孔结构,密度与力学性能较好.     

全MDI高回弹泡沫干/湿压缩变形性能的研究

对聚氨酯高回弹泡沫的干、湿压缩变形性能进行了研究,详细考察了配方中水量、聚合物多元醇、交联剂、异氰酸酯指数和官能度变化对聚氨酯高回弹泡沫压缩变形性能的影响,并对产生影响的原因做了初步探讨。     

高回弹聚氨酯泡沫塑料拉伸强度的实验室整体测量不确定度评定

采用合成标准差的方法,利用七人次测定高回弹聚氨酯泡沫塑料拉伸强度的分散性,对实验室整体测量不确定度进行了评定。结果表明,实验室整体测定的不确定度高于任一人测定结果的不确定度;实验室整体的测量不确定度更能表征实验室整体的测试水平。     

Elaboration and Characterization of Advanced Biobased Polyurethane Foams Presenting Anisotropic Behavior

Biobased and open cell polyurethane (PU) foams are produced from a synthesized sorbitol‐based polyester polyol. Different formulations are developed with various blowing agent systems (chemical vs physical blowing). Synthetized foams are fully characterized and compared. The cell morphology is carefully investigated by tomography and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical nature of the primary compounds, foaming kinetics, density, thermal behavior, and conductivity are fully studied, with also the main transition materials temperatures. It is shown that blowing agents especially impact the foaming kinetics. In the case of chemically blowing foams, higher foaming rate and temperatures are obtained. The mechanical behavior is particularly analyzed using quasi‐static compression tests, according two main axes compared to the rise direction. A direct relationship is observed between the formulation, foam structure, foam morphology, and corresponding mechanical properties. Results clearly highlight unexpected properties of biobased PU foams with unveil anisotropic mechanical properties.     

可膨胀石墨在硬质聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性能中的研究

对近年出现的一种新型膨胀阻燃剂———可膨胀石墨(EG)在硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(RPUF)中的阻燃性能与其它几种无卤阻燃剂作了比较。用氧指数(LOI)法研究了EG与聚磷酸铵(APP)、磷酸三乙酯(TEP)、三聚氰胺(MA)、三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐(MC)等无卤阻燃剂在RPUF中的协同阻燃作用。结果表明,EG阻燃RPUF的效果最好;并且EG与这些无卤阻燃剂之间存在着协同或反协同作用,其中EG与两种含磷阻燃剂APP和TEP的协同效果最好。     

以生物质为原料制备聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究进展

主要介绍了目前国内外利用淀粉、松香、植物油、纤维素、木质素等生物质原料用于合成聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究进展。以生物质替代石化原料,可以改善聚氨酯泡沫塑料生物降解性等性能,可降低产品生产成本,提高市场竞争力。     

Polyurethane Foams of Improved Thermal Stability

In reactions of polyetherols prepared from hydroxymethyl derivatives of uric acid and typical oxiranes with isocyanates and water one obtains a new group of polyurethane foams containing purine rings in their structure. These polyurethanes withstand prolonged heating at temperatures as high as 200 °C. Preliminary results on the effect of the type of polyetherol and the composition used in preparation of the polyurethane foams on their properties are presented. The results of studies on thermal stability and mechanical properties of the foams before and after thermal treatment are also reported.

     

难燃聚氨酯软质泡沫的制备及性能研究

用新型难燃接枝聚合物聚醚多元醇和聚醚多元醇3050的混合物与甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)自由发泡反应，制备了阻燃型聚氨酯软质泡沫。讨论了难燃接枝聚合物聚醚多元醇的用量对聚氨酯软质泡沫密度、氧指数和力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着难燃聚醚用量的增加，聚氨酯软质泡沫的阻燃性能提高，力学性能也有显著提高，泡沫体的密度降低。     

Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foams/Organoclay Nanocomposites

The thermal stability and flame retardancy of a new kind of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams/organoclay nanocomposites developed by our research group were investigated by using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and cone calorimeter test. Results indicate that compared with pure PU foams, rigid PU foams/organoclay composites show significantly enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy. The reasons leading to the results were discussed in detail by relating with the morphology of the composites. The discussion suggests that the enhancement degree of thermal stability and flame retardancy of composites compared with that of PU foams coincides well with the sequences of gallery spacing of organoclay in the PU matrix.