共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 265 毫秒
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我国传统酿造食品发展历史悠久,种类丰富,以其独特的魅力深受消费者喜爱。传统酿造食品中微生物群落的多样性是影响产品风味、品质与安全的重要因素,因此微生物群落结构特征、演替变化和功能基因挖掘等成为近年来的研究热点。高通量测序技术以其通量高和结果准确等优势,成为传统酿造食品微生物群落研究中的重要工具。该文以基于高通量测序技术的宏基因组测序技术出发,综述了宏基因组测序技术在传统酿造食品微生物群落分析研究中的进展,并分析讨论其面临的主要问题和发展趋势,为酿造食品的科学研究和工业生产提供相关理论基础。 相似文献
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酱腌菜是中国传统发酵食品,在中国已有几千年的历史。酱腌菜因其独特的风味品质和益生作用在世界范围内作为健康食品受到广泛关注。近年来,随着下一代高通量测序技术、第三代测序技术、宏基因组学以及宏转录组学等分子生物学技术在发酵食品研究中的广泛应用,有关酱腌菜中的微生物群落多样性及其作用机制方面的研究取得了重要进展,然而,相关归纳总结还不够全面。因此,本文重点对近年来酱腌菜中的微生物与风味物质形成的关系及风味物质的形成机制、酱腌菜中微生物的控制与利用等方面取得的最新研究进展进行了归纳总结,并阐述了酱腌菜中微生物的多样性以及益生作用,以期为深入研究酱腌菜风味物质形成机制、提升酱腌菜产品风味品质,从而实现传统酱腌菜的现代化加工提供参考。 相似文献
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高通量测序技术已经成为食品微生物学研究领域的重要工具。在研究过程中,DNA提取和质量控制、文库构建和测序平台选择等步骤需要特别注意。在数据处理和分析过程中,数据质量控制和过滤、群落组成分析、基因功能注释和代谢通路分析等是非常重要的环节。高通量测序技术的应用为深入了解食品微生物的多样性、变化和演替以及微生物与食品品质的关系提供了更全面、深入的视角。这些研究成果有助于更好地保护食品安全、改善食品品质,为人们的健康生活作出更大的贡献。 相似文献
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微生物超标及食源性致病菌引发的生物污染是影响国家公共卫生的主要因素。新一代的高通量测序技术因其高覆盖度、高灵敏度、高准确性和低成本等特点,已经作为食品安全检测最重要技术逐渐替代常规DNA诊断和微生物分型方法。本文通过综述测序的发展历史和二代测序原理及流程,着重论述以高通量测序为基础的16S rRNA、全基因组、宏基因组以及宏转录组分析在现代食品安全实验室中的应用,展现了高通量测序技术在食品微生物检测、食源性致病菌监控及食品发酵工艺等方面的巨大优势。 相似文献
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近年来分子生物学相关技术发展迅速,在微生物生态学研究中的应用也越来越多,这也促进了白酒酿造微生态研究技术的迅速发展。白酒酿造微生态研究中,除传统的微生物分析方法外,所用的最主要的技术为分子生物学技术,如基于PCR的指纹图谱分析、基因测序及分析等,这其中以PCR-DGGE技术最为常用。新一代测序技术、基因芯片技术、生物信息学技术的不断发展和完善使一些组学技术——宏基因组学、蛋白组学、代谢组学等在生态学领域有越来越多的应用。其中的一些新技术也开始在白酒酿造微生态学中应用,而且具有广泛应用的潜力,将来可以利用这些技术研究白酒酿造微生态,进一步揭示白酒微生物酿造规律,进而指导白酒生产,促进生产更多优质白酒。 相似文献
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变性梯度凝胶电泳技术在食品微生物多样性研究中的应用前景 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)可以克服传统微生物检测方法的弊端,不依赖于微生物的分离培养,是微生物分子多样性研究的热点技术之一。DGGE技术具有可靠性强、重复性好、易操作、可同时分析多个样品等优点,结合聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR),被广泛地应用在微生物群落组成及其遗传信息、多样性及不同种群动态比较分析等方面。本文介绍了DGGE技术的基本原理、操作过程、优缺点,并概述了其在食品微生物多样性分析中的应用,分析了该技术在水产品、酒类、发酵食品、肉制品等领域应用现状。通过分析目前在食品微生物多样性分析中的优点和不足,提出发展方向,最后对DGGE技术在食源性致病菌溯源应用前景进行评述,以期为我国食品安全食源性致病菌快速溯源技术的发展提供文献支持。 相似文献
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腐乳是传统发酵型豆类食品,有其独特的风味和营养,发酵过程中微生物种群结构是其品质形成的重要因素。基因测序、变性梯度凝胶电泳等分子生物学技术的发展,有着传统培养鉴定法无可比拟的优势,为微生物种群结构研究提供了先进技术;根霉和毛霉是腐乳发酵中常见的真菌,而芽孢杆菌、乳杆菌、不动杆菌等则是发酵过程中的优势细菌;紫外诱变和混合发酵技术可改善腐乳发酵条件和品质;微生物种群在腐乳发酵过程中的代谢作用,可提高腐乳脂类、脂肪酸类、游离氨基酸、乙酸乙酯等物质的含量。本文阐述了腐乳发酵过程中微生物种群结构的研究方法、常见发酵菌株生理特点和应用、发酵过程微生物种群结构演替,展望腐乳食品未来发展方向,以期为腐乳发酵科学研究及工艺探索提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Predictive microbiology provides a powerful tool to aid the exposure assessment phase of 'quantitative microbial risk assessment'. Using predictive models changes in microbial populations on foods between the point of production/harvest and the point of eating can be estimated from changes in product parameters (temperature, storage atmosphere, pH, salt/water activity, etc.). Thus, it is possible to infer exposure to Listeria monocytogenes at the time of consumption from the initial microbiological condition of the food and its history from production to consumption. Predictive microbiology models have immediate practical application to improve microbial food safety and quality, and are leading to development of a quantitative understanding of the microbial ecology of foods. While models are very useful decision-support tools it must be remembered that models are, at best, only a simplified representation of reality. As such, application of model predictions should be tempered by previous experience, and used with cognisance of other microbial ecology principles that may not be included in the model. Nonetheless, it is concluded that predictive models, successfully validated in agreement with defined performance criteria, will be an essential element of exposure assessment within formal quantitative risk assessment. Sources of data and models relevant to assessment of the human health risk of L. monocytogenes in seafoods are identified. Limitations of the current generation of predictive microbiology models are also discussed. These limitations, and their consequences, must be recognised and overtly considered so that the risk assessment process remains transparent. Furthermore, there is a need to characterise and incorporate into models the extent of variability in microbial responses. The integration of models for microbial growth, growth limits or inactivation into models that can predict both increases and decreases in microbial populations over time will also improve the utility of predictive models for exposure assessment. All of these issues are the subject of ongoing research. 相似文献
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Taylor D Daulby A Grimshaw S James G Mercer J Vaziri S 《International journal of cosmetic science》2003,25(3):137-145
It is widely accepted that axillary malodour is attributable to the microbial biotransformation of odourless, natural secretions into volatile odorous products. Consequently, there is a need to understand the microbial ecology of the axilla in order that deodorant products, which control microbial action in this region, can be developed in the appropriate manner. A detailed characterization of the axillary microflora of a group of human volunteers has been performed. The axillary microflora is composed of four principal groups of bacteria (staphylococci, aerobic coryneforms, micrococci and propionibacteria), and the yeast genus Malassezia. Results indicated that the axillary microflora was dominated by either staphylococcal or aerobic coryneform species. Comparisons between axillary bacterial numbers and levels of axillary odour demonstrated the greatest association between odour levels and the presence of aerobic coryneforms in the under-arm. As the taxonomy of cutaneous aerobic coryneforms is poorly understood, a further study was conducted to characterize selected axillary aerobic coryneform isolates. Using the molecular technique of 16S rDNA sequencing, selected genomic sequences of a number of axillary aerobic coryneform isolates were obtained. Comparisons with sequence databases indicated the likely presence of a range of Corynebacterium species on axillary skin, although the majority of isolates were most similar to either Corynebacterium G-2 CDC G5840 or C. mucifaciens DMMZ 2278. Although for a panel of individuals differences in the carriage of Corynebacterium species were noted, similar species were carried by a number of panellists. All isolates examined in this limited evaluation failed to demonstrate the capability to metabolize long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) to shorter chain, more volatile products. The application of this modern molecular phylogenetic technique has increased understanding of the diversity of aerobic coryneform carriage in the axilla, and on human skin. The application of this technique in other studies to assess the ethnic differences in cutaneous bacterial ecology, or the effects on the microflora of specific product use, will assist in the future development of novel deodorant systems. 相似文献