某高滑石型铜硫矿选矿工艺研究

某硫化铜矿含铜0.65%、硫9.50%、Mg O 5.20%,属于高滑石硅酸镁夕卡岩型铜硫矿。由于矿石中黄铁矿和滑石含量较高,且滑石在磨矿过程中极易发生泥化,恶化浮选环境,造成现场铜浮选指标不理想。为了解决该铜矿中高滑石、高硫对铜浮选的影响,在工艺矿物学研究的基础之上,提出采用"SNA调整剂调浆-CMC抑制滑石-铜硫混合浮选-粗精矿脱药再磨-铜硫分离"工艺。闭路试验获得了铜品位25.71%、回收率82.13%的铜精矿,铜精矿含Mg O小于5%。工艺显著提高了铜回收率,并降低了铜精矿Mg O含量。     

某高滑石型铜硫矿选矿工艺

某硫化铜矿含铜0.65%、硫9.50%、Mg O 5.20%,属于高滑石硅酸镁夕卡岩型铜硫矿。由于矿石中黄铁矿和滑石含量较高,且滑石在磨矿过程中极易发生泥化,恶化浮选环境,造成现场铜浮选指标不理想。为了解决该铜矿中高滑石、高硫对铜浮选的影响,在工艺矿物学研究的基础之上,提出采用"SNA调整剂调浆-CMC抑制滑石-铜硫混合浮选-粗精矿脱药再磨-铜硫分离"工艺。闭路试验获得了铜品位25.71%、回收率82.13%的铜精矿,铜精矿含Mg O小于5%。工艺显著提高了铜回收率,并降低了铜精矿Mg O含量。     

阿勒泰某铜铅锌矿提铅降锌浮选工艺

为降低铅精矿中锌的含量,同时实现铜铅的有效分离,采用铜铅混浮—混浮尾矿选锌的工艺流程,以石灰和硫化钠抑制黄铁矿及部分难免离子,乙硫氮和Z-200浮选铜铅矿物。铜铅粗精矿再磨,细度达到-38μm占85%后,采用硫化钠与活性炭联合脱药,组合重铬酸钾与CMC抑制铅矿物,以Z-200浮选黄铜矿,获得含铜20.13%、含铅6.02%、铜回收率85.09%的铜精矿和含铅48.56%、含锌7.54%、铅回收率77.35%的铅精矿,使铅精矿的锌含量由15%降低到7.54%。     

国外某复杂硫化铜矿选矿试验研究

以国外某复杂硫化铜矿为研究对象,采用单选铜—浮选粗精矿再磨的工艺流程,探究了不同因素对浮选效果的影响,获得了较好的浮选指标。试验结果：以丁基铵黑药和Z200作为捕收剂和起泡剂,在浮选体系中加入氧化钙,调节溶液的pH值和抑制杂质离子,经过浮选全闭路流程,获得了产率为11.24%、综合品位为22.92%、综合回收率为94.78%的铜精矿,具有较好的经济技术指标,为以后的铜资源开发和利用提供了试验依据。     

CMC和古尔胶对滑石浮选的抑制作用研究

通过浮选试验、接触角测量、动电位测定和红外光谱研究了弱碱性条件下羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和古尔胶对滑石浮选的抑制性能及作用机理。结果表明,弱碱性条件下CMC和古尔胶是滑石浮选的有效抑制剂,低用量古尔胶能较好地抑制滑石,古尔胶的抑制作用强于CMC;在CMC和古尔胶作用下,滑石一级浮选速率常数减小,浮选速率降低,回收率下降。CMC和古尔胶吸附在滑石表面,使滑石表面润湿性增强、可浮性变差;CMC使滑石表面负电性增强,古尔胶使滑石表面负电性减弱。阴离子CMC主要通过—COO-和—OH吸附在滑石表面,中性古尔胶主要通过—OH吸附在滑石表面。     

低碱下氯化氨抑制铜活化黄铁矿浮选机理研究

通过单泡浮选、吸附量测定、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析以及溶液化学计算研究了低碱环境下氯化铵抑制黄铁矿硫酸铜活化浮选的机理。单矿物和混合矿浮选结果表明,低碱条件下氯化铵能够有效抑制黄铁矿的铜活化浮选、提高锌硫分离效果。黄铁矿表面产物分析以及溶液化学计算结果表明,氯化铵抑制黄铁矿的铜活化浮选主要通过以下两个途径实现:在低碱性环境下,加入氯化铵后产生的酸碱缓冲对NH3-NH4+能够维持体系pH值,从而维持黄铁矿表面的羟基化程度,使黄铁矿被亲水抑制;NH3(aq)与Cu2+发生配合反应生成铜氨配合物的趋势很大,其能够与黄铁矿表面竞争消耗铜离子,削弱黄铁矿表面的铜离子吸附活化过程。为实现低碱锌硫浮选分离工艺提供了新思路,为在工业中实现低碱锌硫分离工艺奠定了理论基础。     

刺槐豆胶在铜硫分离中的抑制作用及机理分析

采用浮选试验、Zeta电位和红外光谱测试, 研究了刺槐豆胶在铜硫浮选分离中的作用, 并分析了其作用机理。结果表明:当pH小于9时, 黄铜矿及黄铁矿可浮性均较好, 难以浮选分离。刺槐豆胶在黄铜矿及黄铁矿表面均发生了吸附, 使二者的电位发生变化, 并产生抑制作用, 但刺槐豆胶对黄铜矿和黄铁矿的抑制强度及吸附方式都不同:刺槐豆胶在黄铜矿表面的吸附方式是化学吸附, 而与黄铁矿是通过物理吸附方式作用。加入刺槐豆胶后, 在pH为3~11条件下, 黄铁矿的浮选回收率均较低; 而当pH小于9时刺槐豆胶对黄铜矿抑制效果差, pH为11时对黄铜矿抑制效果极强。在pH为7时使用刺槐豆胶对铜品位为15.58%的混合矿进行浮选分离后, 获得的铜精矿铜品位为21.67%、回收率为82.13%。该研究为铜硫高效分离提供了一种性能优良的有机抑制剂。      

滑石-水界面上的聚合物抑制剂:吸附等温线、微量浮选和动电研究

研究了聚合物抑制剂在滑石－水界面上的吸附行为与离子强度和pH的关系。应用吸附等温线、微量浮选和动电研究考察了聚合物与滑石表面之间的相互作用。研究的聚合物为羧甲基纤维素（CMC）和两种合成的聚丙烯酰胺（PAM－A和PAM－N）。两种阴离子型聚合物（CMC与PAM－A）在静电排斥作用最低时对滑石表面的吸附量最大，从而使滑石得到抑制。在高pH和低离子强度时，滑石对阴离子型聚合物的吸附密度降低，而在高离子强度或低pH时，其吸附量却增加。因此，溶液条件的变化对滑石的抑制作用影响甚大。非离子型集合物PAN－N在滑石表面上的吸附量不受离子强度和pH的影响。聚合物在滑石的正表面，也可能在侧面上发生的吸附表现为兰格缪尔特性。由电泳迁移率测定结果计算出的吸附分子层厚度表明，聚合物以平躺方式的单分子层吸附在滑石表面上。     

抑制剂CMC在青海某硫化铜镍矿浮选中的应用

青海某硫化铜镍矿滑石化强蚀变现象较多,脉石矿物以辉石、橄榄石、滑石等钙镁硅酸盐矿物为主,浮选过程存在混合精矿镍、铜品位较低,氧化镁含量偏高的问题。针对这一问题,试验研究采用CMC为抑制剂使镁硅酸盐矿物得到了很好的抑制,确定精选添加CMC用量为300g/t,闭路试验获得了精矿镍、铜品位分别为5.94%、1.18%,回收率分别为82.23%、79.93%的选别指标,氧化镁含量从优化前的15.05%降至2.93%。     

某高硅铜硫矿石分选试验

广西某高硫铜矿石中滑石等易浮硅质矿物含量高,现场采用弱磁选-浮铜-浮硫工艺流程进行分选,除弱磁选能较好地回收磁黄铁矿外,黄铜矿浮选和黄铁矿浮选均因易浮硅质矿物的干扰而难以获得合格精矿。为此,在大量探索试验的基础上,采用弱磁选-黄铜矿和硅质矿物混合浮选-混浮精矿铜硅摇床分离-混浮尾矿浮黄铁矿的工艺流程处理该矿石,获得了磁选硫精矿硫品位和回收率分别为38.69%和64.48%,浮选硫精矿硫品位和回收率分别为44.57%和30.99%,铜精矿铜品位和回收率分别为13.87%和63.89%的良好试验指标,有效地综合回收了铜、硫矿物。     

The effect of PAX/CMC addition order on chlorite/pyrite separation

Addition order of both PAX (potassium amyl xanthate) and CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) was investigated to separate pyrite from chlorite. The investigation included both flotation and adsorption tests. The flotation results showed that CMC can depress the flotation of chlorite but was found not to be selective against pyrite. When pyrite was conditioned initially with PAX before CMC it was found that the CMC slightly depressed pyrite flotation. The depression effect of CMC on pyrite was significantly higher when pyrite was conditioned first with CMC before PAX. Flotation of chlorite was not influenced by order of addition of CMC and PAX. Adsorption tests showed that CMC and PAX compete in adsorbing on pyrite and the adsorption density of PAX decreases in the presence of the pre-adsorbed layer of CMC. PAX was found not to adsorb onto chlorite irrespective if chlorite was conditioned initially with or without CMC. Therefore there was no competitive adsorption on chlorite surface between PAX and CMC. PAX can assist to protect the pyrite surface when conditioned initially first and allow the benefits of CMC depression for chlorite.     

金属离子对滑石浮选行为的影响及机理研究

滑石常存在于硫化矿中影响硫化矿浮选精矿的质量。为了解金属离子对滑石浮选行为的影响和作用机制,考察了Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cu²⁺、Fe³⁺对滑石纯矿物浮选、滑石表面ζ电位及滑石与气泡之间诱导时间的影响。结果表明：Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cu²⁺、Fe³⁺均可在滑石表面形成吸附;Ca²⁺对滑石可浮性影响不大;添加Mg²⁺后,当pH＞10时,滑石可浮性降低;添加Cu²⁺后,滑石在pH=4~10范围被抑制,并且在pH值为6左右时Cu²⁺对滑石抑制作用最强;Fe³⁺在pH=3~9的范围内能够抑制滑石,并且在pH值为7左右时对滑石抑制作用最强。溶液化学计算结果表明,溶液中的金属络合离子可以改变滑石的表面电位,而氢氧化物沉淀吸附在滑石表面会降低滑石的可浮性。静电作用能计算结果表明：当pH值低于氢氧化物的零电点时,金属离子形成的氢氧化物沉淀会特定地吸附于滑石表面,产生多相凝聚,导致滑石表面亲水性增强,可浮性降低;当pH值大于氢氧化物的零电点时,凝聚现象减弱,滑石表面疏水性增强,可浮性提高。试验结果对含滑石硫化矿中滑石的抑制和分离有一定的指导作用。     

The effect of a new polysaccharide on the depression of talc and the flotation of a nickel–copper sulfide ore

The effect of the depressant galactomannan (KGM) on the depression of talc and the flotation of a nickel–copper sulfide ore have been investigated through microflotation, batch flotation and industrial flotation tests, zeta potential and infrared spectrum measurements. The flotation results indicated that KGM had a straining influence on the depression of talc while had little effect on nickel minerals flotation. Compared with the depressant carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and guar gum, the KGM increased the nickel recovery dramatically, it not only negated the need for a talc removal process, but also achieved a significant decrease in the depressant consumption by half. Zeta-potential and infrared spectrum measurements illustrated that chemical adsorption was seen between KGM and talc, and a possible weak physical adsorption was seen between KGM and pentlandite. This was the reason why KGM had high depression selectivity for talc and little depression effect on nickel minerals.     

羧甲基纤维素钠对滑石可浮性及分散性的影响

通过浮选试验、沉降试验、动电位测定、接触角测量和红外光谱分析,研究了羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)对滑石可浮性及分散性的影响。研究结果表明:CMC可使滑石颗粒层面和端面的润湿性显著增强并趋于一致,从而较好地抑制因表面疏水而上浮的滑石,实现滑石与硫化矿的浮选分离;但CMC不能阻止少量滑石因泡沫夹带而上浮。CMC可增强滑石表面的负电性,使滑石在水中的分散性变好,但这对CMC抑制滑石无益,相反,能够引起滑石颗粒层面面积降低的颗粒间聚集有利于滑石的抑制。CMC通过分子中的羟基和羧基在滑石颗粒各向表面发生作用。     

The use of ToF-SIMS and microflotation to assess the reversibility of binding of CMC onto talc

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is commonly used as a depressant for talcaceous minerals. To assess whether CMC depressants are strongly, or weakly and reversibly bound to the surface of talc, desorption experiments were conducted on New York talc. The floatability was monitored through microflotation experiments, combined with the determination of the CMC coverage on talc by ToF-SIMS. CMC adsorption and desorption were carried out in distilled water and in electrolyte containing Ca²⁺ ions. CMC adsorption levels were higher using Ca²⁺ electrolyte, in line with the depression behavior in the microflotation tests. Washing did not affect the flotation behavior. ToF-SIMS showed that CMC coverage of the talc particles was good and the distribution homogeneous. Adsorption and subsequent desorption in distilled water however, showed a partially restored floatability after desorption, which could be related to an inhomogeneous CMC distribution on the talc surface as shown by ToF-SIMS. By additional exposure to Ca²⁺ ions CMC redistribution occurs causing depression.     

Adsorption of guar gum and CMC on pyrite

The depression of pyrite in sulfide flotation by two types of polysaccharides, CMC and guar, was investigated using micro-flotation tests, zeta potential measurements and adsorption tests. Environmentally and from an occupational safety standpoint – this would be a better processing option than cyanide. The range of variables tested included molecular weight of guar, degree of substitution of CMC, pH and the concentration of calcium ions in the flotation process water. The guar gums depressed pyrite considerably even at low dosages. An optimum dosage of 10 ppm was recommended. The CMC’s were not as effective as the guar gums, and required much higher dosages to achieve pyrite depression. Within the range of CMC’s tested, lower degree of substitution was more effective than high degree of substitution. This was presumably due to lower electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged CMC and pyrite. When calcium ions were introduced with CMC’s, the adsorption of the CMC was considerably enhanced. No such effect was observed for guar gums. Both CMC and guar gums demonstrated Langmuirian behavior in their adsorption isotherms. Two different adsorption mechanisms were displayed. The guar gum adsorption was attributed to hydrogen bonding and Bronsted acid–base interaction. The CMC was considered to occur through electrostatic interaction in the presence of calcium ions, and Bronsted acid–base interaction depending on pH.     

Cu2+活化黄铁矿与黄铜矿的浮选分离

在研究丁黄药体系中黄铜矿、黄铁矿单矿物的天然可浮性,石灰（调节矿浆pH）、亚硫酸氢钠、铜离子对黄铜矿、黄铁矿可浮性的影响,柠檬酸对被Cu²⁺活化的黄铁矿、黄铜矿可浮性的影响,柠檬酸-亚硫酸氢钠-石灰组合抑制剂对被Cu²⁺活化的黄铁矿、黄铜矿可浮性的影响的基础上,采用柠檬酸-亚硫酸氢钠-石灰组合抑制剂对被Cu²⁺活化的黄铁矿-黄铜矿人工混合矿进行浮选分离,得到了铜品位和铜回收率分别为24.12%和88.48%的铜精矿,及硫品位和硫回收率分别为49.69%和72.51%的硫精矿,表明该组合抑制剂对被Cu²⁺活化的黄铁矿具有良好的选择性抑制作用。     

新疆某低品位难选铜镍矿石选矿试验

新疆某低品位难选铜镍矿石铜、镍品位分别为0.23%和0.69%,现场采用预选脱除滑石—铜镍混合浮选再分离铜流程获得铜精矿和铜镍混合精矿,铜镍回收率较低。为给现场工艺流程改造提供依据,进行了选矿试验研究。结果表明:在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占80%条件下,以六偏磷酸钠+CMC为抑制剂、硫酸铜为活化剂、Z-200+J622为捕收剂,经1粗2精1扫铜镍混合浮选,铜镍混合精矿经3次铜精选,获得了含铜18.08%、铜回收率52.17%的铜精矿和含铜2.81%、含镍16.25%、铜回收率41.73%、镍回收率81.78%的铜镍混合精矿。与现场生产指标相比,铜、镍回收率分别提高了9.67和3.45个百分点,浮选指标明显得到改善。     

几种黄铁矿抑制剂的抑制性能比较

黄铁矿是赋存于铜、铅、锌等精矿产品中的主要有害杂质。在纯矿物试验中,对黄铁矿抑制剂Na2S2O3、Na2SO3+ZnSO4、(NH4)2S2O8、NaClO、单宁酸、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、CK、EDTA进行了抑制性能研究。结果表明:在低碱条件下,无机抑制剂的氧化性越强,对黄铁矿的抑制能力越强;而有机抑制剂受pH值影响较大,螯合能力强的对黄铁矿抑制能力较强。