共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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在两个制造商和单个零售商组成的供应链中,为了得到供应链内生时机,构建了促销-定价博弈模型,分析产品替代度和促销效率对促销-定价策略和内生时机的影响,并通过数值仿真探讨成本差异对成员决策和内生时机的影响。研究表明:强势品牌促销效率的增加将提高供应链的协调水平;成本差异不改变整体内生时机,只对区域范围产生一定影响,如果研究者随意假设博弈参与人的行动时机,那么所得结论可能是错误的。 相似文献
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研究零售商公平偏好下考虑质量和营销努力的联合决策问题.首先考虑制造商Stackelberg的情形,研究发现, 零售价格、批发价格、质量努力水平、营销努力水平以及制造商利润均随零售商嫉妒偏好系数的增大而递减,但是零售商利润关于其嫉妒偏好系数的变化不大;然后,考虑零售商Stackelberg的情形,研究发现,批发价格、质量努力水平、营销努力水平以及制造商利润均随零售商的同情偏好系数的增大而递增,零售商利润则随其同情偏好系数的增大而递减;最后进行算例分析,并给出一些管理学的意义. 相似文献
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动态定价策略下的精确库存成本建模与优化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
提出一种更接近实际的需求率公式,在式中同时考虑了价格和出厂时间对客户需求率的影响.基于新的需求率公式,建立了动态定价策略下的精确库存持有成本模型和库存商品的利润函数.注意到利润函数的复杂性,使用遗传算法分析了利润函数的性质,得出最优定价时间、定价价格和最大利润的关系,并分析了库存持有成本变化和消费者购买欲望变化对各定价参数的影响. 相似文献
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面对强势制造商控制网络直销渠道和批发价格,零售商在此不利局面下如何改善自身绩效,针对该问题,构建了零售商提高服务水平和开辟网络渠道的最优定价决策模型。在集中式和Stackelberg分散式两种供应链情形下,研究了零售商开辟和未开辟网络渠道下服务水平对定价策略和各成员利润的影响。研究表明,零售商提高服务水平有利于零售商和制造商以及整个供应链的绩效;开辟网络渠道会提升零售价格,增加零售商和制造商以及整个供应链的利润。 相似文献
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直播电商作为电商市场的新趋势日益受到人们的关注,鉴于此,研究一个品牌服务提供商、一个主播和一个直播服务平台所组成的直播电商服务供应链质量努力策略问题.考虑主播不签约和主播签约两种情形,分别构建直播电商服务供应链成员的利润函数,以利润最大化为目标,运用博弈理论优化得到两种情形下直播电商服务供应链成员最优质量努力策略和利润.通过算例分析,探讨主播佣金比例和直播服务平台抽成比例对服务供应链最优策略和最优利润的影响.研究结果表明:两种情形下主播服务质量努力随主播佣金比例的增加而增大,随直播服务平台抽成比例的增加而减少,而直播服务平台质量努力均随主播佣金比例和直播服务平台抽成比例的增加而增大. 相似文献
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从期望利润最大化的角度研究了单周期两级模糊闭环供应链的定价与销售努力最优决策问题。分析了包含一个制造商和一个零售商的闭环供应链中的模糊不确定性及需求依赖于零售价格和零售商销售努力的性质,分别建立了集中式决策模型和零售商主导的Stackelberg 博弈模型并进行了求解。数值算例验证了模型的有效性,结论表明:考虑销售努力时产品的最优零售价格、批发价格分别高于不考虑销售努力情形下的相应价格;考虑销售努力时零售商和系统的最大期望利润分别大于不考虑销售努力情形下的最大期望利润。 相似文献
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研究变质品的订购、定价和保鲜技术投资联合决策问题.假设产品需求同时受价格和库存水平的影响,系统不允许缺货并放松期末库存水平为零的约束,零售商拥有有限的货架空间或存储空间,同时考虑零售商可以通过投资保鲜技术减低产品的变质率,以平均利润最大化为目标构建库存水平影响需求下变质品的订购、定价和保鲜技术投资联合决策模型.首先证明最优策略的存在性和唯一性,并给出零售商建立期末库存的条件;然后利用最优解的相关性质设计一个求解模型的多阶段迭代算法;最后通过具体算例验证展示模型和算法的可行性和实用性,并完成相关参数的敏感性分析,获得一定的管理启示. 相似文献
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针对零售商提供并销售延保服务,产品质量同时对产品和延保服务需求产生影响的产品服务供应链,研究了有无产品质量约束情形下的产品价格、延保服务价格和产品质量的联合决策,设计了制造商和零售商的协调契约以降低分散决策下的\"双重边际效应\"问题,分析了产品价格系数、产品质量约束水平等对产品和延保服务定价的影响.研究表明,对产品质量的... 相似文献
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需求依赖库存且短缺量部分拖后的促销商品库存模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
促销商品是商场吸引顾客前往购买消费的一种重要手段,它可以有效带动其他商品的销售从而提高商场销售收入。考虑促销商品在缺货期间价格和时间对顾客等待行为的影响,构造了一个与销售价和等待时间相关的短缺量拖后率,建立了多次订货下两阶段存货影响需求和顾客等待的促销商品库存模型,并利用仿真方法分析价格和时间敏感因子、存货影响需求临界点、销售价格对销售商订货策略和系统总利润的影响。结果表明:价格和时间敏感因子对各周期服务水平影响显著,存货影响需求临界点对订货次数影响较大;当销售价在一定范围时,销售商只需调整各周期服务水平,而当销售价过高或过低时,销售商则需同时调整各周期服务水平和订货次数 相似文献
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Burkhard Stiller Peter Reichl Jan Gerke Placi Flury 《Journal of Network and Systems Management》2001,9(3):293-325
Pricing and charging are important management functions which future commercial networks will have to offer. Since the Internet is on the move to provide differentiated services, suitable and scalable management mechanisms are required for the backbone based on the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) Architecture. Since network management following actual market forces has to implement a price-driven and charge-driven approach for managing the usage of services, this paper introduces as a first contribution the design of a generic and modular Internet Charging System (ICS), offering a service-independent architecture and integrating economically controlled network management functions into present Internet technology. Moreover, a central part of this ICS, i.e., the Internet Charge Calculation and Accounting System (ICCAS), is presented in more detail and offers necessary user support functions. The second main contribution of the paper focuses on the newly developed Cumulus Pricing Scheme (CPS). CPS is unique to define clear relations between different time-scales for accounting, monitoring, and charging activities. Charges in this schemes are based on flat fees and, hence, are predictable and transparent, whereas, unlike pure flat rate schemes, the incorporated feedback mechanism nevertheless allows to take market forces into account. Finally, it is demonstrated how the ICCAS is well-suited to integrate both DiffServ technology and CPS. 相似文献
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Yu-Chung Tsao Wei-Guang Teng Ruey-Shii Chen Wang-Ying Chou 《International journal of systems science》2014,45(6):1255-1267
Companies, especially in the Hi-tech (high-technology) industry (such as computer, communication and consumer electronic products), often provide a replacement warranty period for purchased items. In reality, simultaneously determining the price and inventory decisions under warranty policy is an important issue. The objective of this paper is to develop a joint pricing and inventory model for Hi-tech products under replacement warranty policy. In the first model, we consider a Hi-tech product feature in which the selling price is declining in a trend. We determine the optimal inventory level for each period and retail price for the first period while maximising the total profit. In the second model, we further determine the optimal retail price and inventory level for each period in the dynamic demand market. This study develops solution approaches to solve the problems described above. Numerical analysis discusses the influence of system parameters on the company's decisions and behaviours. The results of this study could serve as a reference for business managers or administrators. 相似文献
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Salma Karray Guiomar Martín-Herrán 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2024,31(1):568-615
This paper investigates the impact of decision timing for pricing and marketing efforts in a supply chain led by competing manufacturers. We develop and solve six games to consider the scenarios (games) where prices and marketing efforts (ME) are decided simultaneously, and when they are not (i.e., ME is set either before or after prices). We examine these three scenarios for the benchmark case of a bilateral monopolistic channel, then extend the analysis to a supply chain with competing manufacturers. We identify the optimal decision timing by comparing equilibrium profits and strategies across games in each supply chain setup. We find that a monopolistic manufacturer always prefers that prices and ME be decided simultaneously. However, this result does not hold when product competition is taken into account. The optimal decision timing for competing manufacturers depends on the retailer's and manufacturers' ME effectiveness levels as well as on competition intensity. Specifically, when ME are not very effective, a simultaneous decision scenario is preferred because it provides the advantage of higher profit margins or sales. However, for highly effective ME, manufacturers prefer to decouple ME and pricing decisions. The retailer's optimal scenario is either to make all decisions simultaneously or to choose prices prior to ME. This means that supply chain firms can face conflict due to the decision timing for prices and ME. 相似文献
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结合Web services的服务质量(QoS)因素和用户经验,对Web services的计价机制进行研究,提出一种QoS驱动的Web services动态计价模型,描述其计价过程,并给出相应的实现算法。通过对模型的简单实现,经测试这一计价模型在准确性和合理性上具有一定优势。 相似文献
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Ruishu Shi;Cuilian You; 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2024,31(5):3220-3244
In this study, we discuss on the dynamic pricing and investment strategy for fashion products which decay in value, such as fashion clothes. The products are sold by an enterprise under a monopoly market in a finite horizon. Due to the obsolescence of fashion products, their fashion level decreases over time. Obviously, the selling price has a negative effect on demand, while the fashion level has a positive effect. Moreover, we introduce a reference value, which is used to indicate consumers' requirements for fashion level. We assume that investment on products performance or goodwill can reduce consumers' requirements for fashion level, an optimal control model is established. To maximize the enterprise's total profit, we obtain the trajectories of the optimal pricing and investment strategy by utilizing the Pontryagin's maximum principle. The optimal strategy is to gradually lower the selling price and then slightly raise it at the end of the sales period and reduce investment as products become obsolete. Afterwards, we provide a numerical example to illustrate our conclusions. Through the sensitivity analysis of the main parameters, we capture the influence of the parameters on an optimal decision. Moreover, some management implications are given. 相似文献
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The Next Generation Network (NGN) will enable service providers to offer broadband services with differentiated quality to their subscribers. In this way, the providers will be able to satisfy and retain the critical segment of the top-demanding customers, who generate the largest share of the provider’s revenues. However, service pricing is as important as service quality. In order to offer competitive prices, bilateral per service negotiation between the customer and the supplier is an interesting practical solution that can provide better results than rigid offers based on fixed price-rate lists. In the application scenario of Broadband Wireless Access, the supplier can adapt its offer of wireless access bandwidth to the dynamics of customer-generated traffic, giving more bandwidth per session when traffic is low and less bandwidth per session when traffic is high. We present and study the performance of an algorithm for automatic service level pricing in which two agents negotiate over the service transmission rate and the price on behalf of the user and of the provider. The performance of the proposed negotiation scheme is evaluated with simulations. The paper also compares our algorithm to the fixed-price scheme and to an auction-based strategy based on the Vickrey scheme. 相似文献
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Claudia Franzè;Emilio Paolucci;Chiara Ravetti; 《Creativity & Innovation Management》2024,33(4):603-619
In this article, we study how a luxury fashion engineering company strategically introduced sustainability-oriented innovations (SOIs) over time through an in-depth longitudinal analysis of a leading Italian business-to-business (B2B) firm. We apply a strategic management perspective to this first-tier engineering manufacturer to bring new insights into how upstream firms deploy SOIs and to what effect, thus determining long-term technological choices in the industry. We observe that such innovations evolved dynamically from the process dimension to the supply chain and, lastly, to the product dimension, thereby spanning explorational, procedural and communicational practices. We find that the company sustained significant growth over a decade while implementing its sustainability transition, thanks to three elements: a broad and wide-ranging experimentation in all areas of the company, a continuous dynamic process of learning-by-doing and a commitment of the top management to prioritize new sustainable practices. The propositions developed from this case study can inform future strategic analysis and management of SOIs in other firms/industrial sectors. 相似文献