茶的保健作用研究进展

茶含有丰富的生物活性成分，特别富含茶多酚、黄酮类化合物，被称为健康饮料。动物实验和一些临床研究均证实茶有保健医疗功效，其中关于茶多酚与心血管疾病和癌症的研究最为广泛。茶叶中活性成分的生物药效已开始被认识，茶预防疾病的保护活性机制也已被提出。但从流行病学研究和临床研究结果来看，饮茶与人类健康的关系还有待深入研究。     

36种茶饮料中茶多酚、咖啡因含量调查

茶是我国传统饮料,被称誉为中国的“国饮”。传统饮茶方式为沸水冲沏,受环境条件限制,沏好的茶水不易携带和贮存。随着食品生产的工业化、社会化,茶饮料作为饮料新品种,以其快捷、方便、风味独特而被广泛接受。茶饮料中茶的主要成分是茶多酚和咖啡因,茶多酚和咖啡因...     

茶制品对面团流变特性的影响

立足于传统饮茶向"吃茶"模式的转变,越来越多的面制食品与茶结合,将茶加入面团中以研究茶原料对面团特有流变学特性的影响,具有重要的实际应用意义。本文选用抹茶、速溶茶和茶多酚3种茶原料制成茶面团,采用粉质仪、拉伸仪、动态流变仪、质构仪对茶面团流变学特性进行研究。结果显示,添加抹茶、速溶茶和茶多酚影响面团的粉质和拉伸等流变特性,可以促进面团的形成与稳定。加入茶成分后均能延长面团的稳定时间,添加1%茶多酚时稳定时间最长且能显著降低面团弱化度;能增大面团的拉伸面积、拉伸阻力、拉伸比例和延伸度,其中变化趋势最大的是添加茶多酚后的面团;添加茶成分能增加面团的弹性模量和黏性模量;能增加面团的面筋含量,以添加1%茶多酚的面团面筋含量最高,相比空白提高了18%;能提高面团制品的咀嚼度。推测可能是茶多酚-面筋蛋白形成了复合体。     

不同制茶工艺与时间对茶叶中茶多酚含量影响的研究

茶多酚是茶叶中主要的保健成分,通过对萎凋、杀青、揉捻和干燥等制茶工艺中茶多酚含量的测定,研究不同的制茶工艺与时间对茶多酚含量的影响。结果表明,萎凋和揉捻制茶工艺对茶多酚含量影响不明显,而杀青和干燥对茶多酚含量影响显著,随着加工时间延长,茶多酚含量逐渐下降。     

茶叶活性成分的抗炎作用及其机制研究进展

茶叶中主要活性成分如茶多酚、茶氨酸、茶黄素具有较好的抗炎作用,且茶多酚效果最佳。虽然茶多酚的抗氧化作用被世界公认,但这并不是其发挥抗炎作用的唯一机制,其机制应与抑制炎症因子、调节相关炎症信号通路、抗氧化等综合作用有关。本文综述了茶叶及茶叶成分茶多酚、茶氨酸、茶黄素的抗炎作用及其机制,其中重点阐述了主要儿茶素组分表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)的抗炎机制,为茶叶抗炎作用的深入研究提供参考,为健康饮茶和茶叶抗炎功能产品的研发提供理论依据。     

饮茶方式对茶汤有效成分含量的影响

要研究了茶∶水比值、冲泡水温、冲泡时间、冲泡次数等对茶汤有效成分含量的影响。结果表明,90℃水冲泡10min,茶汤中茶多酚、抗坏血酸、游离氨基酸浸出率较高,茶汤抑制亚油酸脂质过氧化作用较强,为最佳饮茶条件。     

茶汤中抗氧化物活性对比研究

随机选取市售几种典型绿茶(碧螺春、高山绿茶)、乌龙茶(铁观音、肉桂、水仙)及红茶(正山小种、坦洋工夫)作为研究对象,比较各茶种茶粉的水浸提液与沸水冲泡茶叶而得的茶汤中的茶多酚含量;并测定茶汤的自由基清除活性(人工合成自由基DPPH·与ABTS~+·的清除活性)和体外还原活性(FRAP法测定其对三价铁的还原力)。试验结果表明,绿茶的茶粉浸提液与冲泡茶汤的茶多酚含量最高,茶汤的自由基清除活性与体外还原活性最强,乌龙茶次之,红茶最弱;这与其多酚含量呈正相关关系;而几种冲泡茶汤中,铁观音茶汤的茶多酚含量最少且体外抗氧化活力最弱,这应是源于茶叶包揉工艺的不同。另外,沸水冲泡茶汤较茶粉浸提液的茶多酚含量少,但仍具有很强的抗氧化活性,以日常沸水短时间冲泡的方式获得的茶汤为研究对象进行研究,对消费者进一步认识饮茶的健康功效具有更直接的指导意义。     

茶醉

并非只有酒才能醉人,茶也能醉人。古人云,“寒夜客来茶当酒。”而“茶醉”比之“酒醉”,又别是一种境界。 “茶醉”通常是因空腹饮茶、或是饮用了过浓、过多的茶所致。特征为面色苍白、欲吐．心悸、头晕．失眠、烦躁、乏力、腹痛,红茶尤甚,以及短期厌食等。 茶叶中含有多种生物碱,其中的主要成份是咖啡碱。它在茶叶中的含量约占２—５％,具有兴奋大脑神经中枢和促进心脏机能亢进的作用。如饮茶过浓、过多,就容易出现“茶醉”。 “茶醉”除咖啡碱的作用外,还因为茶叶中含有大量茶多酚。它是一种多酚类物质,对蛋白质有凝固作用。因…     

夏茶进行时

夏日炎炎，身体对水的需求更为强烈，饮料的销售旺季随之到来。名目繁多的饮料中，茶这种传统的饮料仍然成为很多人的选择，而茶的功能也逐渐为人们所知。在日本，据说“茶道士”多长寿高龄，这与他们经常饮茶有密切的关系。而在我国，已将绿茶茶多酚或儿茶素类化合物开发成一种可以预防人体衰老的辅助药物。随着现代科学对茶研究的深入，茶的保健作用也逐渐被人们所重视，与之相关的是成燎原之势的各种含茶保健饮料的开发。[编者按]     

茶叶抗氧剂及副产品综合制取

研究了以碎茶为原料获得了在一次工艺中制取茶叶抗氧剂、咖啡碱、叶绿素的最佳工艺条件，并对茶多酚的纯度与抗氧性的关系，柠檬酸对茶多酚的抗氧增效作用进行了研究，指出茶多酚作为抗氧剂产品必须具有较高的纯度。     

Tea and Its Consumption: Benefits and Risks

The recent convention of introducing phytochemicals to support the immune system or combat diseases is a centuries’ old tradition. Nutritional support is an emerging advancement in the domain of diet-based therapies; tea and its constituents are one of the significant components of these strategies to maintain the health and reduce the risk of various malignancies. Tea is the most frequently consumed beverage worldwide, besides water. All the three most popular types of tea, green (unfermented), black (fully fermented), and oolong (semifermented), are manufactured from the leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis. Tea possesses significant antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, cholesterol-lowering, and thermogenic properties. Several research investigations, epidemiological studies, and meta-analyses suggest that tea and its bioactive polyphenolic constituents have numerous beneficial effects on health, including the prevention of many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, genital warts, and obesity. Controversies regarding beneficialts and risks of tea consumption still exist but the limitless health-promoting benefits of tea outclass its few reported toxic effects. However, with significant rise in the scientific investigation of role of tea in human life, this review is intended to highlight the beneficial effects and risks associated with tea consumption.     

Epidemiological Evidence Linking Tea Consumption to Human Health: A Review

Tea has been widely consumed around the world for thousands of years and drinking tea is a daily habit for people of all ages. Tea is a major source of flavanoids, which have become well known as antioxidants. Tea also contains caffeine and theanine, which have been found to associate with health benefits. Many animal and epidemiological studies have been conducted to investigate the link between tea consumption and human health. However, common questions that arise about tea consumption include: whether all teas are the same, why drinking tea is linked with health benefits, how do the different ways of tea preparation impact on availability of tea components, how much and how long a person should consume tea to obtain health benefits, and whether there is any negative health effect associated with drinking tea. To answer these questions, this paper outlines the tea components and their link to human health, discusses major factors affecting availability of tea components in a tea cup, and reviews the latest epidemiological evidence linking tea consumption to human health.     

Tea consumption and disease correlations

Tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world next to water and is obtained from the leaves Camellia sinensis. In recent years, the potential health benefits and effect mechanisms of tea have attracted a lot of interest. The potential health benefits of tea have been attributed to its various phenolic compounds with unique biological properties found in tea. These phenolic compounds are especially catechins and their derivatives, which constitute at most 30% of the dry weight of the tea. Tea is a new and effective strategy for reducing the severity of neurological diseases and for protecting against obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer (ovaryum, lung, skin, breast, endometrial, prostate, bladder, oral and colorectal cancers).Overall, the study that supports the health benefits of tea is increasing. But, the amounts of and the frequency of tea consumption that is associated with potential health benefits vary greatly from work to work and this situation creates difficulty in determining the optimal consumption amount and frequency that tea can exhibit health benefits. For this reason, we aimed to examine the health effect of the tea and how much consumption is to investigate whether it meets the claimed health benefits.Within that frame, there is a need for more studies on the possible health effects of tea. While studying on that effect, the effects of various doses, forms (in synthetic or natural product matrix), exposure in different periods (short or long term) on health should be studied. However, currently the conducted studies are promising for tea is a bioactive component like polyphenol, theaflavins, thearubigins, caffeine and mineral. In addition, although the fact intake with diet proved to be reliable at the end of the conducted acute and chronic toxicity test is another positive part, safety of bioactive component in tea should be supported through further studies.     

Isolation of Green Tea Catechins and Their Utilization in the Food Industry

Tea is a rich source of catechins, which are well-known antioxidants. Tea consumption has been found to promote human health; however, only drinking tea may not provide a sufficient level of catechins to achieve health benefits. Thus, the utilization of catechins in foods is an alternative way to supplement catechin consumption. Furthermore, catechins can prevent lipid oxidation and improve color and flavour of foods; hence, addition of catechins can also prolong the shelflife of foods. Therefore, catechins have recently been isolated from green tea for utilization in food products to enhance their shelflife and health benefits. This article outlines several methods for the isolation of catechins from green tea, discusses the challenges involved, and reviews the utilisation of catechins in the food industry.     

茶多酚调节肠道菌群及抗肥胖作用研究进展

茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一,其含有丰富的茶多酚,近来,茶多酚对肠道菌群的调节作用引起了学术界的关注。肥胖可以导致心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症等慢性疾病,因此抗肥胖物质的研究与开发也是当下的研究热点之一,茶多酚的抗肥胖作用也是其中的重要领域。本综述总结了茶多酚、肠道菌群以及肥胖三者的作用关系,并对近5年相关的非临床以及临床研究进行了总结分析。总结发现茶多酚可以调节肠道菌群组成,而肠道菌群也可以影响茶多酚的吸收与代谢。茶多酚可以通过增加益生菌的丰度以及调节能量消耗、营养物质消化吸收、脂质分解代谢和抑制脂肪细胞合成等方式发挥抗肥胖作用。目前对于茶多酚调节肠道菌群和抗肥胖作用的研究以动物模型为主,且大多实验结果证实了茶多酚的肠道菌群调节作用及抗肥胖作用,但是作用剂量尚不明确,且茶多酚剂量毒性研究不足。另外该领域临床研究不足,需要在未来进行更大样本量和更长时间的研究,以实现茶渣等副产物的高价值利用并减少肥胖相关疾病。     

Heavy metal content of black teas consumed in Iran

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is the most widely consumed beverage in several parts of the world. Tea consumption is a major component of the traditional Iranian diet; however, limited data are available indicating heavy metals content of this beverage. This study aimed to assess concentrations of heavy metals, including copper, lead, cadmium, chromium and mercury as well as minerals like zinc and iron in black tea samples. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the elements of interest in 20 brands of black tea that are widely consumed among Iranians. The mean concentrations were 28.8 for Zn, 135.2 for Fe, 15.9 for Cu and 8.2 for Cr (mg kg^?1) and 134.5 for Cd, 209.5 for Pb and 40 for Hg (µg kg^?1). It is concluded that tea consumption can be a possible source of some heavy metal intake for the Iranian population.     

Green tea and prevention of esophageal and lung cancers

Green tea contains high concentrations of tea polyphenols that have shown inhibitory effects against the development, progress, and growth of carcinogen-induced tumors in animal models at different organ sites, including the esophagus and lung. Green tea polyphenols also have shown to suppress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Besides antioxidative property, green tea polyphenols have pro-oxidative activities under certain conditions and modulate phase II metabolic enzymes that can enhance the detoxification pathway of environmental toxicants and carcinogens. Although epidemiological studies have provided inconclusive results on the effect of green tea consumption against the development of esophageal and lung cancers in humans overall, the inverse association between green tea intake and risk of esophageal cancer risk is more consistently observed in studies with adequate control for potential confounders. Epidemiological studies also have demonstrated an inverse, albeit moderate, association between green tea consumption and lung cancer, especially in non-smokers. This article reviews data on the cancer-preventive activities of green tea extract and green tea polyphenols and possible mechanisms against the esophageal and lung carcinogenesis in experimental animals, and summarizes the current knowledge from epidemiological studies on the relationship between green tea consumption and esophageal and lung cancer risk in humans.     

茶与茶渣的高值化综合利用

中国既是茶的原产地,也是茶的生产与消费大国,每年由于茶饮料及茶叶深加工产生大量的茶渣,仅仅以简单地丢弃处理而没有被高值化综合利用,既给环境带来了巨大的压力也造成了资源的浪费。茶渣中含有10%至16%粗纤维以及少量的络合态色素、矿物质、氨基酸、茶多酚、咖啡碱等,可以被多种形式地精深加工利用。本文综述了茶渣作为主要配料在作菌类的培养基、动物饲料的添加剂、植物的土壤肥料等方面的应用,以期为茶与茶渣的研究与利用提供参考。     

Tea, coffee and prostate cancer

Worldwide, prostate cancer has the second highest incidence of all cancers in males with incidence and mortality being much higher in affluent developed countries. Risk and progression of the disease may be linked to both genetic and environmental factors, especially dietary factors. Tea and coffee are two of the most popular beverages in the world and have been investigated for possible effects on health outcomes, including cancer. However, very little dietary advice for their consumption exists. The evidence for a relationship between coffee or tea consumption and prostate cancer is reviewed in this paper. While current evidence indicates that coffee is a safe beverage, its consumption probably has no relationship with prostate cancer. Tea, especially green tea, has shown some potential in the prevention of prostate cancer. While evidence from epidemiologic studies is currently inconclusive, strong evidence has emerged from animal and in vitro studies. We also consider what level of evidence is required to make recommendations for preventive measures to the public. Although evidence on the relationship between coffee, tea and prostate cancer is not complete, we consider it strong enough to recommend tea as a healthier alternative to coffee.     

茶多糖研究进展

茶多糖是一种相对分子质量约为1×104～5×104水溶性复合多糖,主要成分有葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、核糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖及果糖等,对人体具有重要生理功能。该文综述茶多糖化学组成与性质、结构分析、提取方法和生理功能,并展望其发展前景。