益生菌对神经系统疾病作用的研究进展

人体肠道内菌群数量巨大且种类丰富,参与机体的多项生理过程,研究显示肠道菌群能够通过肠道菌群-肠-脑轴来调节机体大脑的发育与行为。益生菌是一类对人体有益的活性微生物,可以通过调节人体肠道微生态平衡从而对人体产生有益作用。临床医学研究表明,益生菌对自闭症谱系障碍、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、抑郁症和多发性硬化等神经系统疾病具有良好的防治作用。本文总结了近几年来国内外关于益生菌对神经系统疾病作用机制的研究进展,以期为益生菌对此类疾病的干预治疗提供新思路。     

益生菌对免疫细胞的影响及其在自身免疫性疾病中的应用

益生菌是一类摄入适当数量时会对宿主健康产生有益作用的活性微生物的总称,可以通过调节树突细胞(dendritic cell,DC)、单核细胞、调节性T细胞(regulatory cells,Treg)和Th17细胞介导的免疫反应,从而发挥其免疫调节能力。自身免疫性疾病(autoimmune diseases,AID)是机体免疫系统对自身组织细胞发生免疫应答,导致细胞破坏或组织损伤所引起的疾病。针对AID的治疗,目前尚无根治药物,传统的糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂虽能够抑制病情,提高患者存活率,但长期使用会造成一系列不良后果。而大量研究发现益生菌能够有效缓解自身免疫性疾病。本文就益生菌对多种免疫细胞的影响及在自身免疫性疾病中的研究进展进行了综述。     

一种微生物检测系统在益生菌产品中应用评价

Biolumix系统提供了一种实时、简便、快速的微生物检测方法,但未在益生菌检测中得到应用.该文将Biolumix系统用于2种益生菌产品活菌数的检测,与国标方法进行比较并对应用效果作出了初步评价.结果表明,通过不同稀释度益生菌样品的仪器检测值与菌落计数值对照,线性相关关系显著,拟合度为0.96;盲样测试中平行样标准偏差≤5％,最适检测活菌范围在107～108CFU/g（mL）,检测时间≤1h.因此,在完善检测方法基础上,Biolumix检测系统能够适用于益生菌产品检验,具备准确、低稀释倍数、耗时短等优点.     

益生菌在我国保健食品中的应用进展

由于益生菌类原料在调节肠道菌群和增强免疫力保健功能的研究比较系统,健康功效明确,因此,其在保健食品中应用越来越广泛,而且部分菌株已被国家市场监督管理总局明文规定允许用于婴幼儿食品的开发.随着科学技术的快速发展以及相关研究的不断深入,益生菌类原料具有的其它保健功能不断被发掘,而且作用机理也不断明晰,这为其在保健食品行业的...     

益生菌在功能食品中的应用研究

作为一种生理菌群,益生菌对人体肠道有诸多益处,对高血压、糖尿病、高血脂以及癌症等多种疾病都有预防作用。同时,益生菌还具有良好的营养保健功能,因而被人们广泛应用于食品领域中,如功能性食品、食品添加剂等,深受广大消费者的喜爱。基于此,本文阐述了益生菌的定义和种类,分析了益生菌的营养保健作用,包括抑制病原菌生长和繁殖,优化肠道菌群结构;提高机体免疫力,刺激免疫应答;降低肿瘤发病率,抑制癌细胞生长;延缓机体衰老,清除机体自由基;改善机体的血脂情况,降低胆固醇含量等,并对益生菌在功能食品中的应用进行了论述,希望能进一步拓展益生菌的应用范围。     

益生菌研究进展及在食品工业中的应用

对益生菌的概念、益生菌的生理作用、抗菌功能和营养作用等方面作了论述.还论述了可用于开发的人类肠道益生菌和动物肠道益生菌主要包括的种类.益生菌在许多方面具有对人体健康的生理学功能并对其作用机理作了阐述.益生菌的抗逆性较差,如何提高益生菌的耐酸性、胆汁耐受性,加强益生菌之间的协同效应、筛选优良的益生菌种是研究和开发的重点.本次发布会介绍了三层包埋及肠道靶向定植新技术,解决了天然益生菌不易保存、不耐胃酸、不耐胆汁和存活率低的技术难题.     

益生菌研究进展及在食品工业中的应用

对益生菌的概念、益生菌的生理作用、抗菌功能和营养作用等方面作了论述.还论述了可用于开发的人类肠道益生菌和动物肠道益生菌主要包括的种类.益生菌在许多方面具有对人体健康的生理学功能并对其作用机理作了阐述.益生菌的抗逆性较差,如何提高益生菌的耐酸性、胆汁耐受性,加强益生菌之间的协同效应、筛选优良的益生菌种是研究和开发的重点.本次发布会介绍了三层包埋及肠道靶向定植新技术,解决了天然益生菌不易保存、不耐胃酸、不耐胆汁和存活率低的技术难题.     

粮油加工副产物在微生物群导向型食品研发中的应用潜力

人体肠道上皮附着着数以亿计的菌群,它们是人体健康和生理功能实现的参与者,也是大健康概念所涵盖的一个重要靶点。到目前为止,补充益生元仍是调节肠道菌群和促进有益菌群生长的有效手段之一。粮油加工副产物产量大,种类丰富,且其中很多成分可被寄居人体的肠道菌群利用,是优质益生元的来源之一,亦是"微生物群导向型食品"开发中重要的物质基础与原料来源。     

益生菌、胃肠道微生物和宿主之间相互作用的研究进展

目前国内外的研究工作集中于了解肠道共生菌和益生菌以及人类宿主之间的相互作用.利用组学技术,以便于了解益生菌和共生菌之间以及细菌环境和宿主胃肠道组织之间的相互作用.利用测序技术对栖居在胃肠道内细菌的研究显示人体的复杂性随不同人群和个体的变化而变化.此外,转录推动了我们对细菌(包括共生菌和益生菌)与胃肠道间复杂相互作用的洞悉.本综述从胃肠道内微生物的作用等方面概括这一领域的最新研究进展,并在此基础上提出对未来的展望.     

益生菌在食品中的应用

本文介绍了益生菌的定义，健康功能和在食品工业中的应用.随着食品工业的发展和消费观念的变化，使用益生菌的概念开发新产品，拓宽益生菌的应用面，促进我国食品工业的发展和人民的健康。     

益生乳酸菌与肠道菌群稳态

肠道是个复杂的微生态系统,不仅包含宿主细胞和各种营养物质,还包含数以万计的微生物。这些肠道微生物与宿主健康息息相关,对宿主营养、代谢、生理和免疫均有影响,肠道菌群发生紊乱还会引起各种疾病。大量临床试验表明,益生乳酸菌可通过调节宿主肠道菌群稳态治疗或缓解多种疾病。本文作者描述了失衡指数（DI）、微生物平衡指数（MBI）和微生物失衡指数（MDI）这3种量化肠道菌群稳态的计算方法及其应用,阐述了益生乳酸菌对肥胖和健康宿主肠道菌群稳态的影响,指出益生乳酸菌可能通过与肠道中病原菌竞争结合位点或分泌物质抑制病原菌,分泌代谢物为肠道中有益共生菌提供适宜生长繁殖的环境和制造“假想敌”刺激宿主免疫系统应答等方式维持宿主肠道菌群稳态,并讨论了维持宿主肠道菌群稳态的重要性。同时还综述了益生乳酸菌研究现状,指出益生乳酸菌的研究要做到个性化,不仅要考虑研究人群个体差异,还要考虑菌株之间的差异。     

Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Skin Health

Human skin is the first defense barrier against the external environment, especially microbial pathogens and physical stimulation. Many studies on skin health with Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been published for many years, including prevention of skin disease and improvement of skin conditions. LAB, a major group of gram-positive bacteria, are known to be beneficial to human health by acting as probiotics. Recent studies have shown that LAB and their extracts have beneficial effects on maintenance and improvement of skin health. Oral administration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii inhibits the development of atopic disease. In addition, LAB and LAB extracts are known to have beneficial effects on intestinal diseases, with Lactobacillus plantarum having been shown to attenuate IL-10 deficient colitis. In addition to intestinal health, L. plantarum also has beneficial effects on skin. pLTA, which is lipoteichoic acid isolated from L. plantarum, has anti-photoaging effects on human skin cells by regulating the expression matrix meralloprotionase-1 (MMP-1) expression. While several studies have proposed a relationship between diseases of the skin and small intestines, there are currently no published reviews of the effects of LAB for skin health through regulation of intestinal conditions and the immune system. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the effects of LAB on skin health and its potential applications in beauty foods.     

两种真菌多糖益生菌酸奶协同抗皮肤衰老的研究

对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠分别灌胃添加茶新菇多糖或真姬菇多糖的益生菌酸奶,研究两种真菌多糖酸奶对小鼠抗皮肤衰老作用的协同效果。结果显示,皮肤组织经HE染色观察,衰老组小鼠皮肤发生病变,而高剂量组小鼠皮肤修复效果最佳。两种真菌多糖益生菌酸奶均可显著提高小鼠皮肤中SOD活性及含水量,降低MDA含量,提高皮肤和尾腱中HYP含量(p0.05),且与多糖添加量呈剂量增强效应。与衰老组相比,茶新菇多糖酸奶和真姬菇多糖酸奶高剂量组小鼠皮肤中SOD活力提高了66.31%、14.54%,含水率提高16.49%、8.93%,皮肤和尾腱中羟脯氨酸含量分别提高48.27%、65.59%和73.98%、61.63%,MDA含量降低38.96%、45.64%,皮肤抗衰老指标极显著改善(p0.01)。结论:两种真菌多糖均可与益生菌酸奶在皮肤抗衰老方面发挥显著协同作用,有效修复皮肤损伤。     

Probiotic Fermented Sausage: Viability of Probiotic Microorganisms and Sensory Characteristics

Probiotics are from functional foods that bring health benefits for humans. Nowadays, a major development in functional foods is related to food containing probiotic cultures, mainly lactic acid bacteria or bifidobacteria. Probiotics must be alive and ingested in sufficient amounts to exert the positive effects on the health and the well-being of the host. Therefore, viability of probiotic products (the minimum viable probiotic cells in each gram or milliliter of product till the time of consumption) is their most important characteristic. However, these organisms often show poor viability in fermented products due to their detrimental conditions. Today, the variety of fermented meat products available around the world is nearly equal to that of cheese. With meat products, raw fermented sausages could constitute an appropriate vehicle for such microorganisms into the human gastrointestinal tract. In present article, the viability of probiotic microorganisms in fermented sausage, the main factors affect their viability, and the sensorial characteristics of final product are discussed.     

Probiotic foods: consumer perception and attitudes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception and the attitudes towards probiotic foods of the population in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Four hundred and twenty (100.0%) people were interviewed in small-, medium- and large-sized supermarkets located in various parts of the city of Rio de Janeiro. One hundred and twenty-two (29.05%) people defined probiotic foods correctly. Ninety-one (21.67%) were unable to mention a single example of a probiotic food. The results of this study indicate the need for an elementary easy-to-understand educational programme using accessible language in order to fix the concepts related to these products.     

Health Effects of Probiotics on the Skin

Skin is the largest organ of the body and is constantly exposed to physical, chemical, bacterial, and fungal challenges. It is well known that probiotics are helpful for specific disorders and different clinical studies have indicated that probiotics have special effects in cutaneous apparatus directly or indirectly that can be considerable from versatile aspects. Probiotic bacteriotherapy can have great potential in preventing and treating the skin diseases including eczema, atopic dermatitis, acne, and allergic inflammation or in skin hypersensitivity, UV-induced skin damage, wound protection, and as a cosmetic product. The current paper comprehensively reviews the different health effects of probiotics on the skin.     

益生菌发酵绿豆乳的菌种筛选

本文以分离自益生菌乳制品、微生态制剂、保健品的13株国际公认的益生乳酸菌为试验菌株,接种于纯绿豆乳培养基中进行发酵。通过检测其凝乳与否、凝乳时间、以及凝乳时pH、活菌数、感官评价等指标,筛选适宜发酵绿豆乳的繁殖力强、发酵活性高的益生菌菌株。结果表明：经过层层筛选得到的干酪乳杆菌07-211、植物乳杆菌08．193、瑞士乳杆菌05-29等三株益生菌发酵6h均可均-凝乳,有绿豆香,且凝乳时,其活菌数分别可达到3．9×10^8、1．6×10^8、1．4×10^8cfu/mL凝乳时pH分别为4．16、4．30、4．32,滴定酸度分别为83．5、81．0、75．2oT,可作为新型绿豆乳制品的发酵菌株。     

原生物酸奶及其发展前景

介绍了原生物、乳酸菌、双歧因子的特点和种类，原生物酸奶的市场情况、菌种、生产、保健作用及发展趋势。原生物酸奶利用最多的是嗜酸乳杆菌和双歧杆菌，二者在抵抗上消化道酸性环境方面有协同作用。生产时需与传统菌种配合，发酵时间约６ｈ。酸奶中原生物可采用一种平板培养法单独计数。改良菌种和添加双歧因子，有望提高酸奶的保健效果。     

响应面优化益生菌发酵复合果蔬汁的加工工艺

以甘蔗、番茄及胡萝卜为原料,嗜酸乳杆菌(La)、嗜热链球菌(St)、植物乳杆菌(Lp)为发酵菌种,利用响应面分析法优化益生菌发酵复合果蔬汁加工工艺。经过单因素实验得出:发酵复合果蔬汁最佳原料比为甘蔗汁:番茄汁:胡萝卜汁=5:1:2(V/V/V);最优菌种混合比为嗜酸乳杆菌(La):嗜热链球菌(St):植物乳杆菌(Lp)=3:2:1(V/V/V);最适初始pH在6.4;优化发酵温度为39～40℃、接种量为2.5%;响应面分优化实验得出最佳发酵工艺为:发酵温度37.91℃,初始pH 6.72,接种量2.88%;考虑实际操作,对各参数稍作调整:发酵温度为38℃,初始pH为6.7,接种量为3%。且此款发酵果蔬汁的感官指标、理化指标及微生物指标等各项质量指标均符合T/CBFIA 08003-2017中国生物发酵产业协会团体标准。