Effects of gradient structure on the microstructures and properties of coated cemented carbides

The effects of gradient structure on the microstructure and properties of coated cemented carbides were researched with optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, strength measurements, and cutting tests. It shows that vacuum sintering of WC-Ti（C, N）-TaC-Co cemented carbides results in the formation of a surface ductile zone. The ductile zone prevents crack propagation and leads to the increase of transverse rupture strength of the substrate. The impact resistance of coated gradient inserts was obviously improved on the basis of maintaining resistance to abrasion and the forming mechanism of the gradient structure was also analyzed.     

Abnormal gradient microstructure in Cr_3C_2 based cemented carbide

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Microstructure and properties of gradient cemented carbide with Nano-TiN

Gradient cemented carbides with nano-TiN were prepared by the common powder metallurgical procedure. The formation of gradient zone and the microstructure, properties of the alloys were investigated using scanning electron microscope（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS） and other performance testing apparatus. Moreover, the effect of nano-TiN on the gradient cemented carbide was studied. It is found that gradient zone width increases slightly with nano-TiN introduction. Both cobalt and titanium concentrations reach the maximum near the gradient border. Tungsten concentration shows fluctuation from the surface to the bulk. （Ti ,W）C phase grains are refined for nitrogen introduction. Core-rim structure has been observed under the SEM back-scattered mode. The core appears as dark due to more titanium in it and the rim with more tungsten appears as grey. In addition, the hardness and transverse rupture strength of gradient cemented carbide are enhanced with nano-TiN introduced.     

Mechanical properties of electroformed copper layers with gradient microstructure

The electroformed copper layer with gradient microstructure was prepared using the ultrasonic technique.The microstructure of the electroformed copper layer was observed by using an optical microscope (OM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM).The preferred orientations of the layer were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD).The mechanical properties were evaluated with a Vicker's hardness tester and a tensile tester.It is found the gradient microstructure consists of two main parts:the outer part (fa...     

Effect of sintering atmosphere on microstructure and properties of TiC based cermets

The effect of the sintering atmospheres （vacuum, N2, Ar） on the microstructures and properties of the TiC based cermets was studied using XRD, SEM/BSE and energy dispersive spectrometer. Compared with the alloy sintered in vacuum, the carbon content of the specimen sintered in N2 and Ar is lower by 0.5%; and the nitrogen content is higher by 0.3% when sintered in nitrogen. The central part of the ring structure may be carbide with either a high W or Ti content. The ring structures are （Ti, W, Ta, Mo, Co, Ni）C solid solutions with different metallic elements and distributions. The composition of the binder phase is （Co, Ni） solid solution with different Ti, W, Ta, Mo, C contents. The structures are uniform for the cermets sintered in vacuum and the properties are the best. When sintered in Ar or N2, the O2 and N2 in the atmosphere take part in the sintering reaction to break the carbon balance in the cermets to form a shell structure and defects, which results in poor density, microhardness （HV） and transverse rupture strength （TRS）.     

Abnormal gradient microstructure in Cr3C2 based cemented carbide

With OLYMPUS PMG3 metallograph, an abnormal three-layer gradient structure, i. e. coarse grain zone, binder enrichment zone and normal structure zone from surface to inner, was observed in Cr₃C₂ based cemented carbide. In the binder enrichment zone, three different shapes of anomalous coarse carbides were observed. It is shown that the transverse rupture strength can be raised remarkably, up 20.7% from the alloy with abnormal gradient structure by removing the abnormal gradient structure. The results suggested that the abnormal gradient structure in the surface, especially the anomalous coarse carbides in the binder enrichment zone is the main reason for the lower strength Biography of the first author: ZHANG Li, born in 1965, senior engineer, majoring in powder metallurgy.     

Mierostrueture and Properties of Coating from Cemented Carbide on Surface of H13 Steel

The microstructures and properties of coating from cemented carbide on the substrate of H 13 by vacuum powder sintering were studied. The effect of sintering temperature on the microstructures of coating was discussed. The interface characteristics between coating and H 13 steel substrate, microhardness distribution and wear resistance in the coating were analyzed. The coating from cemented carbide with thickness of 1-3 mm by vacuum powder sintering at temperature ranging from 1280℃to 1300 ℃ was obtained. The experimental results indicated that the coating with microhardness of HV 1600 favorable to wear resistance is strongly bonded with the H 13 steel substrate by mutual diffusion and penetration of Fe,Cr, Mo,V in substrate towards the coating and W, Co,Ni in coating towards the substrate.     

Effects of Phosphorus Additions on Microwave Sintering Properties of UltrafineWC-lOCo Cemented Carbides

Using the microwave sintering technology, the effects of phosphorus （P） additions on the microstructure and properties of the ultrafine WC-10Co alloys were investigated. The experimental results show that with only 0.3wt% P additions, full density WC-10Co cermets were obtained at temperature of 1250℃, which is 70 ℃ lower than that of the undoped counterparts. Lower sintering temperature can result in finer WC grain growth; therefore, the P-doped WC-10Co alloys exhibited higher hardness than the undoped ones. But at the same time, P doping could lead to sacrifice of fracture toughness ofWC-10Co cemented carbides.     

Effect of lanthanum-praseodymium-cerium mischmetal on mechanical properties and microstructure of Mg-Al alloys

The effects of lanthanum-praseodymium-cerium mischmetal (LPC) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Al alloy were investigated. With the addition of LPC, an additional rod-like Al11La3 phase was deposited in the alloy. LPC greatly improves the tensile strength of cast Mg-Al alloys but negatively affects the elongation of cast alloys above 473 K. Cast alloys are strengthened by both precipitation strengthening and dispersion strengthening at ambient temperature. When the temperature exceeds 473 K, only the dispersion operates as a strengthening mechanism.     

N对15MnVq桥梁钢组织和性能的影响

采用VN合金和V合金，熔炼15MnVNq钢和15MnVq钢．从这两种钢的显微组织、硬度、强度、冲击性能和析出相等方面对二者进行对比研究，分析N对15MnVq组织及性能的影响．结果表明，N的加入对15MnVq钢晶粒细化和力学性能的提高均有显著的效果．     

石墨烯对水泥净浆力学性能及微观结构的影响

为改善石墨烯纳米材料疏水性,采用硝酸氧化和超声波法制备石墨烯分散悬浮液,考察石墨烯质量分数对水泥净浆力学性能及其微观结构的影响,探讨石墨烯的增强增韧作用机制,结果表明,水泥基复合材料的抗压、抗折强度随着石墨烯质量分数的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,且最佳质量分数为水泥质量的0.02%.通过SEM和FT-IR对硬化水泥石的结构进行表征,发现石墨烯能够促进水泥水化产物的生长,改变水化晶体的形状、尺寸,使其有形成完整、簇状的趋势,但并未与水泥发生化学反应,改变其生成物类型.     

Effects of sulfur addition methods and Ca-Si treatment on the microstructure and properties of 30Mn VS

The effects of sulfur addition methods and Ca-Si treatment on the microstructure and properties of free-cutting non-quenched and tempered steel 30Mn VS were investigated by using optical microscopy, SEM and tensile test methods. The results show that sulfur addition methods influence the morphology of sulfides and the properties of 30Mn VS slightly. Ca-Si treatment is beneficial for the formation of complex sulfides which normally have oxide cores, therefore, improving the distribution of sulfides in the tested steel and enhancing its toughness. The two methods, pyrite addition during LF process and S wire feeding during VD process,slightly influence the morphology and distribution of sulfides and the properties of 30Mn VS; Ca addition not only promotes the nucleation of sulfides on the cores of calcium aluminate inclusions,but also creates modification effect on MnS, reducing the relative plasticity and hot deformability of sulfides during hot rolling process,thereby reducing the length/width value of sulfides and improving their distribution, and significantly enhancing its mechanical properties, in particular, the impact toughness increased by 30%.     

钕对AZ91镁合金组织及机械性能的影响

采用微观分析、机械性能测试及断口分析等方法研究了钕对AZ91-Nd镁合金(w(Nd)=0,0.1%,0.3%,0.5%,1.0%,1.5%)的微观组织和机械性能的影响。结果表明:Nd以固溶和金属间化合物(A l11Nd3)的形式存在时具有细化晶粒、抑制二次β相析出、使不完全离异共晶转化为离异共晶的作用;Nd通过固溶强化、析出强化和细晶强化增加了合金强度和硬度,并改善了塑性;加入Nd后合金的断裂机制从脆性解理断裂转变为准解理断裂。     

Effect of cooling parameters on the microstructure and properties of Mobearing and Cr-bearing steels

To develop low-cost low carbon bainitic steel,Mo-bearing and Cr-bearing steels were melted in a vacuum induction furnace and were researched by thermal simulation and hot rolling at the laboratory.As the cooling rate increases from 0.2 to 50℃/s,the transformation temperatures of two steels lie between 650 and 400℃,and the final microstructures of them change from quasi-polygonal ferrite and granular bainite to lath bainite.Compared with cooling in air or by interrupted cooling,Mo-bearing and Cr-bearing steel plates cooled by sprayed water boast higher strength and superior toughness,for large-size islands are responsible for the poor mechanical properties.Compared to Mo,Cr is effective to isolate the bainitic reaction in low carbon steel,and the bainitic microstructure can also be obtained in Cr-bearing steel cooled at a wide range of cooling rate.     

Effect of N on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Ti-6Al alloy

Duetotheirhighspecificstrength,goodcorrosionresistance,goodhightemperatureproperties,titanium andtitaniumalloysareconsideredidealmaterialsforspace,oil,chemicalandmedicalindustries[1-3].They alsohavepotentialapplicationintheautomobileindus try[4-7].Titaniu…     

氮对Ti-6Al合金的铸态组织与性能的影响

采用熔铸工艺制备了w(N)=0.045~0.27%的原位自生氮化物增强钛铝基复合材料.分析测试了该材料的铸态组织和合金的力学性能.研究结果表明:在Ti-6A l的合金中,当w(N)=0.045~0.27%时,随着氮质量分数的增加,增强体的体积分数有所增加.Ti-6A l-xN中的氮化物较为细小.复合材料的硬度、抗压强度和弹性模量均高于Ti-6A l合金.随着氮质量分数增加材料的抗压强度、硬度和弹性模量增加.由压缩断口分析可知,基体为韧性断裂.随着氮质量分数增加,合金由韧窝 解理断口向具有解理特征的脆性断裂转变.     

Effect of tin addition on the microstructure and properties of ferritic stainless steel

This article reports the effects of Sn on the inclusions as well as the mechanical properties and hot workability of ferritic stainless steel. Precipitation phases and inclusions in Sn-bearing ferritic...     

Effect of annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Y alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Y alloy before and after annealing treatments were investigated. The as-extruded alloy exhibits a yield tensile strength （YTS） of 305.9 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of 354.8 MPa, whereas the elongation is only 4%. After annealing, the YTS and UTS decrease to 150 MPa and 240 MPa, respectively, and the elongation increases to 28%. Interestingly, the annealed alloy maintains an acceptable stress level even after a much higher ductility is achieved. These excellent mechanical properties stem from the combined effects of fine α-Mg dynamic recrystallization （DRX） grains and a homogeneously distributed icosahedral quasicrystalline phase （I-phase） in the α-Mg DRX grains. In particular, the superior ductility originates from the coherent interface of I-phase and α-Mg and from the formation of the secondary twin {101 1}-{101 2}（38°〈1 2 10〉） in the tension twin {1012}.     

WC-Co硬质合金的相组成及其相变

碳化钨（WC）是一种硬度高、热稳定性和耐磨性好的硬质合金材料，WC－Co硬质合金的性能除与WC晶粒的大小有关外，在很大程度上还取决于合金中的相组成及相转变，本文主要依据WC－Co系相图，采用热力学方法对烧结过程中合金的γ,η相的生长条件、成分结构以及相变过程进行了讨论，从本质上阐明WC－Co硬质合金的成相规律和影响因素。     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Ceramic/Metal Gradient Thermal Barrier Coatings

1　IntroductionCeramicthermalbarriercoatings (TBCs)sprayedonmetalsubstrateshavebeenusedtoincreasethetempera turelimitsandtodecreasetheheatrejectionforgastur bineanddieselengines .However,themismatchbetweenceramicsandmetalwillcausethermalstresseswhichmayleadtocrackandspallofthecoatings .Functionalgradi entmaterials (FGMs)areanewconceptionfordesigningtheceramic metalthermalbarriercoatings ,whichhasgradientmicrostructureaswellasgradientmaterialprop ertiesandcangreatlydecreasethethermalstresses[…