索尔维推出新型高分散白炭黑

<正>在德国汉诺威举办的轮胎科技博览会上,索尔维白炭黑公司推出了商品名为Premium SW的新型高分散白炭黑。Premium SW白炭黑是节能轮胎以及高性能乘用车轮胎的标准填料,能使超高性能轮胎的滚动阻力降低25%、安全性能提高25%,节能轮胎的耐久性能提升15%。这种白炭黑用于载重轮胎时比炭黑更具优势,可使载重轮胎的滚动阻力     

轮胎用炭黑和白炭黑的品种和市场

轮胎行业是炭黑的最大用户，白炭黑是炭黑的竞争对手，炭黑的品种和市场取决于轮胎产量和品种的发展。为此，本文在介绍国内外轮胎产量和品种发展动向的基础上，介绍国内外轮胎用炭黑和白炭黑的品种和市场发展情况，并对国内炭黑行业如何应对这一形势提出措施建议。     

应用沉淀法白炭黑改进镀铜钢丝与橡胶的粘合性能

应用沉淀法白炭黑改进镀铜钢丝与橡胶的粘合性能ＬａｒｒｙＲＥｖａｎｓ等著郑学伟摘译无定形沉淀法白炭黑是一种高性能、补强性粒子填充剂，与炭黑配合应用于轮胎和机械零件的橡胶部件中，可以改善产品性能。Ｗａｇｎｅｒ指出，白炭黑能改善橡胶的撕裂强度、耐屈挠疲劳性...     

白炭黑胎面胶的新一代硅烷偶联剂

填充白炭黑的低滚动阻力轮胎的开发不断获得新进展。与填充普通炭黑的轮胎相比，白炭黑轮胎不仅降低了油耗，而且具有优异的牵引性能和与后者相当的磨耗寿命。高分散性白炭黑和多硫化双-烷氧基硅烷的发展使高填充白炭黑轮胎商品化获得重大突破。炭黑胶料和白炭黑-硅烷胶料的能耗散机理差异很大，     

白炭黑胎面胶的新一代硅烷偶联剂

填充白炭黑的低滚动阻力轮胎的开发不断获得新进展。与填充普通炭黑的轮胎相比，白炭黑轮胎不仅降低了油耗，而且具有优异的牵引性能和与后者相当的磨耗寿命。高分散性白炭黑和多硫化双烷氧基硅烷的发展使高填充白炭黑轮胎商品化获得重大突破。炭黑胶料和白炭黑一硅烷胶料的能耗散机理差异很大，因此其磨耗机理不同。     

工程机械轮胎胎面基部胶配方的开发

研究炭黑/白炭黑用量比对工程机械轮胎胎面基部胶性能的影响。结果表明：随着炭黑用量的减小、白炭黑用量的增大,胶料的Payne效应逐渐减弱,t10和t90呈逐渐延长趋势;硫化胶的100%和300%定伸应力逐渐减小,拉断伸长率逐渐增大,耐屈挠性能提高,生热降低;将炭黑/白炭黑用量比为23/30的试验配方用于制备成品轮胎,轮胎的高速耐久性能大幅提高。     

均匀剂A78在炭黑/白炭黑并用体系轮胎胎面胶中的应用

研究均匀剂A78在炭黑/白炭黑并用体系轮胎胎面胶中的应用。结果表明:加入适量均匀剂A78,炭黑/白炭黑并用体系胎面胶的门尼粘度降低,分散性能和加工性能改善,交联密度增大,物理性能提高;成品轮胎的强度性能和耐久性能较好。     

白炭黑技术生产高性能轮胎何以需要溶聚丁苯橡胶

自从米其林集团推出节能型轮胎以来,沉淀法白炭黑（通过部分或全部替代炭黑）便被证明是制造高性能轿车充气轮胎可选用的填料。其主要原因在于与轮胎性能相关的主要参数间最终的折衷关系得以改善。实际上,与炭黑相比较,当汽车装配有防抱制动系统（ABS）时,由于滚动阻力、湿路面抓着力和制动距离的同时改善,轮胎性能明显提高。正是这些性能的提升,使得白炭黑填充胎面胶料也成了改善轮胎冬季性能的最佳材料。     

轮胎用白炭黑

随着在绿色轮胎胎面胶料中成功地用白炭黑 /硅烷取代了炭黑 ,对定制白炭黑的需求有了显著增长。分析了这些定制白炭黑的性能、它们与硅烷的反应以及用于轮胎胶料时可以提高的性能轮胎用白炭黑@涂学忠     

多相炭黑G10在半钢轮胎胎面胶中的应用

研究多相炭黑G10在半钢轮胎胎面胶中的应用,并与炭黑补强胎面胶和炭黑/白炭黑并用补强胎面胶（绿色配方）进行性能对比。结果表明：多相炭黑G10补强胎面胶加工性能优于炭黑补强胎面胶和炭黑/白炭黑并用补强胎面胶,具有更低的门尼粘度和更快的硫化速度;多相炭黑G10补强胎面胶的基本物理性能与炭黑/白炭黑并用补强胎面胶相当,但弹性和耐磨性能更为优异,且压缩疲劳温升更低;多相炭黑G10补强胎面胶的损耗因子低温下较高、高温下较低,可提高轮胎的抗冰滑和抗湿滑性能,降低滚动阻力。     

ESCA characterization of commercial carbon blacks and of carbon blacks from vacuum pyrolysis of used tires

Pyrolytic carbon blacks (CB_p) were obtained by vacuum pyrolysis of used tires in a batch reactor at a total pressure ranging from 0.3 to 20.0 kPa, and temperatures ranging from 420 to 700°C. CB_p differ from commercial carbon blacks used initially in the tire fabrication. A series of commercial carbon blacks with different surface areas and structures and CB_p obtained under different pyrolysis conditions were characterized using ESCA and SEM techniques to investigate the effect of the pyrolysis conditions on the chemical nature of the surface of CB_p.     

Morphological reason for enhancement of electrochemical double layer capacitances of various acetylene blacks by electrochemical polarization

Enhancement of electrochemical capacitance and morphological variations of various acetylene blacks caused by electrochemical polarization are presented. Acetylene blacks of different mean particle diameters were modified by air-oxidation and heat treatment to diversify the morphologies of the acetylene blacks before electrochemical polarization. The various acetylene blacks were electrochemically oxidized at 1.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for 10 s and the polarization step was repeated until the capacitance values did not change any longer. These polarization steps enhanced the capacitances of the acetylene blacks and the specific enhancement factors range from 2 to 5.5. Such an enhancement is strongly related to morphological modification as revealed by transmission electron microscopic observations. The electrochemical polarization resulted in formation of tiny graphene sheets on the wide graphitic carbon surfaces, which were most responsible for the observed capacitive enhancement. Although the pseudo-capacitance increased after polarization by forming oxygenated species on the surfaces, its contribution to the total capacitance was less than 10%. The mechanism of the formation of the tiny graphene sheets during the electrochemical oxidation is described schematically.     

Electrochemical generation of narrow conduction electron spin resonance signals in carbon blacks

Electrochemical reduction of either of two different carbon blacks dispersed in methylene chloride gave rise to a temperature independent narrow ESR signal superimposed upon the characteristic broad signal. The observation of this conduction ESR (CESR) signal implies that there are two distinct environments available for charge carriers within the carbon black particles. With the oxidized black, an additional ESR spectrum (g = 2.0034) revealing hyperfine interaction was observed. This was associated with surface oxidized molecules which had been electrochemically reduced and reside in solution as radical anions.     

Cinematic‐film protection using metameric blacks

This article presents a new approach for security management in digital cinema applications. Metameric blacks are used as a new try for cinematic‐film protection procedures, which are used in theatre projection systems. The information given by the capturing device in production time decomposes to its base spectra and makes an unacceptable image quality for camcorders by adding a specific metameric black to it. This procedure takes place during the exhibition, and the camcorders take poor quality pictures although the image may not have any changes in its quality for the audience. This try tends to reach the goal of security management during the movie plays and may be a new method to keep the rights of producers against digital theft. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 93–96, 2009.     

Surface polarity of carbon blacks

Furnace and channel blacks and furnace blacks oxidized by using air, ozone, hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid were examined to the calorimetric study of immersional heats in organic solvents with different dipole moments, from which was derived their surface electrostatic field strength. Two kinds of linear relations were found between the surface electrostatic field strengths and the surface active hydrogen contents of carbon blacks; one is for channel blacks and furnace blacks oxidized by air, having a coefficient of 15.0 × 10⁷ e.s.u./equiv.-active hydrogen, and another for furnace blacks and those oxidized by ozone, hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid having a coefficient of 2.9 × 10⁷. Correlations were also found between the pH of carbon black-water slurries and the surface electrostatic field strengths except for furnace black oxidized by using air. This is in contradiction to a single linear relation holding between the immersional heats into water and the surface active hydrogen contents described in a previous paper [8], and suggests that the anhydrous oxide capable of repeating hydration-dehydration, such as carboxylic acid anhydride, exists on the surface of furnace blacks oxidized by air.     

Preparation and characterization of superhydrophobic conductive fluorinated carbon blacks

Superhydrophobic conductive carbon blacks were prepared by covalent bonding of perfluorocarbon and perfluoropolyether chains on the conductive carbon black surface. Perfluorodiacyl and perfluoropolyether peroxides were used as reagents for the chemical treatment. Their thermal decomposition produced respectively, perfluoroalkyl and perfluoropolyether radicals that directly bonded the polycyclic aromatic structure of carbon black surface. Measurements of contact angles with water on molded pellets made with carbon black powder demonstrated that water droplets were enduringly stable on the treated carbon blacks. Contact angle values were significantly high, exceeding the superhydrophobicity threshold. On the contrary, the droplets were adsorbed in few seconds by the native carbon black. Conductivity measurements showed that the covalent linkage of fluorinated chains weakly modified the electrical properties of the conductive carbon black, even if the surface properties changed so deeply. The relationship between the linkage of fluorinated chains and the variations of physical–chemical properties were studied combining electron spectroscopy, resistivity measurements, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, surface area analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis. The superhydrophobic conductive carbon blacks were compared with a superhydrophobic carbon black obtained by direct fluorination of conductive carbon black with elemental fluorine, F₂.     

A comparison of surface morphology and chemistry of pyrolytic carbon blacks with commercial carbon blacks

The surface morphology and chemistry of CBp obtained by pyrolysis of waste tyres at 500 and 700 °C, respectively was studied compared with a commercial tyre carbon blacks by laser particle size analyzer, X-ray diffractogram (XRD) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The distribution of CBp aggregates was the mixed particle distribution of commercial carbon blacks added to tyres in fabrication. The concentration of inorganic compounds and carbonaceous deposits (the organic compounds deposited on the surface of the CBp) depends on the pyrolysis temperature. The chemical nature of the CBp from pyrolysis at 700 °C was found to be closer to the commercial tyre carbon blacks than the CBp from pyrolysis at 500 °C.     

Enhancing the catalytic performance of Pt/C catalysts using steam-etched carbon blacks as a catalyst support

XC72 carbon blacks were treated using a steam-etching technique. Pt catalysts using steam-etched carbon blacks (SECBs) as supports were developed for oxygen reduction reactions in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The use of the steam-etched carbon blacks as a catalyst support can improve the dispersion uniformity of Pt nanoparticles on the surface of the support and can decrease the Pt particle size, as indicated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data. The overall catalytic performance of the catalysts using SECBs was better than that of the catalysts using non-SECBs. The mass activity of the Pt catalysts using SECBs etched for 1 h had the best catalytic performance for both the catalysts using SECBs and those using non-SECBs. In addition, the electrochemically active surface area of the Pt/SECBs significantly increased after etching. TEM results revealed that the center of the carbon black was more easily etched than the surface.     

碳黑黑度的测定方法

这是一个新的测试方法。这个方法的出现使我们有可能对高黑度碳黑的色彩性质进行测量。这是一个对醇酸／三聚氰胺树脂涂层进行测量的方法，这个方法在重复性和再现性方面满足了作为一个分析方法的要求。这个方法所做测量既包括了对黑度的相对测量，也包括了在一个标准体系系列的基础上对彩色的底色所进行的绝对测量。对影响测定结果的参数进行了讨论。本测定方法也可用于高黑度涂料的开发工作。     

Fluorination of carbon blacks: an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study: IV. Reactivity of different carbon blacks in CF4 radiofrequency plasma

The effect of CF₄-plasma enhanced fluorination on the surface modification of carbon blacks has been examined using XPS. Three different types of carbon blacks have been studied: a thermal black, a furnace black and a high electrical conducting black. The analysis of the XPS spectra of fluorinated carbon black samples indicates that all fluorine atoms, fixed at the surface and in a subsuperficial zone of the particles, are covalently linked to carbon atoms. The influence of the physicochemical properties and morphology of these three types of carbon blacks on the fluorination reaction has also been investigated. The proportion of different types of fluorinated carbon atoms, i.e. on one hand CF_x surface and border groups of graphitic bulk domains for which the planar configuration of the graphene layers is preserved together with the sp² character of C, i.e. structures of type I, on the other hand polyalicyclic perfluorinated structures in which sp³C form puckered layers similar to those of covalent fluorographites, i.e. structures of type II, and also the F/C ratio of the fluorinated groups are related to the surface morphology and depend on the microstructural organization of particles. When the microstructure ordering and graphitic character of the carbon increase, the size of the ordered graphitic domain also increases. At the same time the density, the size of defects and proportion of protonated sp³C entities bridging the graphene layers decrease. As a consequence, the proportion of carbon atoms, potentially able to form perfluorinated CF₂ and CF₃ groups, decreases. The relative contribution of those groups is appreciably higher in fluorinated compounds which are derived from carbon blacks with a lower structural order.