窑炉气体湿度对陶瓷铅溶出量的影响

通过实验研究了窑内气体的湿度对釉上装饰的陶瓷的铅溶出量的影响。当装饰后的制品在含有高至19％水蒸汽的窑炉气氛中彩烧时,其铅溶出量呈现明显下降。文中给出了制品于干空气和不同含量水蒸汽,在不同温度彩烧的铅溶出量数据。作者试验了画面划痕对铅溶出量的影响,所测制品是在一般气氛中和含有较高水蒸汽的气氛中彩烧的。探讨了湿气对无硼釉料和无硼熔剂系统的影响,以试图说明水蒸汽降低铅溶出量的机理。此外,本人还确定了水蒸汽降低铅溶出量作用的温度范围,并研究了冷却速率对铅溶出量的影响。     

低温釉用釉上贴花纸通过江苏省级鉴定

由江苏省陶瓷研究所研制的“低温釉用釉上颜料系列及贴花纸研究”项目。于一九八七年十二月二十一日在无锡市通过省级鉴定。该研究所重点对日用精陶的釉面及花纸铅溶出量进行攻关研究,历时二年,针对大生产餐具的耐酸溶剂、釉上耐酸的六种不同颜料配制,贴花纸的印刷,彩烧温度等关键问题,摸索了一整套工艺路线和各项数据对比,经对精陶、炻器、瓷器等不同制品应用后测定,铅溶出量从目前部     

釉中彩彩烧工艺及设备

釉中彩彩烧工艺及设备张进（唐山市陶瓷研究所，唐山０６３０２０）大约在７０年代，我国出口的陶瓷产品因铅、镉溶出量偏高而受到严格限制。当时轻工部邀集各地专家组成专门小组，考察了备大瓷区生产中出现产品铅、镉溶出量偏高的原因，其中得出两条重要结论。其一是在彩...     

关于釉下彩骨质瓷的研究

通过对素胎与花纸颜料中间层的研究及釉料适应性的分析与调试，研制出装饰效果高雅，铅镉溶出量为零的釉下彩骨质瓷。     

铬化合物对陶瓷釉铅溶出量的影响

本发明是关于从含氧化铅,氧化铜的釉中降低铅溶出量的问题.根据本发明,在釉中加入少量的铬化合物可以降低铅溶出量.人们发现,在釉中加入少量的碱士铬酸盐(如铬酸钡,铬酸钙,铬酸锶)能够降低铅溶出量.但也可使用其它铬酸盐(如铬酸铁,铬酸钴,铬酸银和铬酸铜),另外还有氧化铬.     

粉彩颜料(翡翠、大绿)铅溶出量与组份关系的多元回归分析

从七十年代起,各国陆续颁布了陶瓷餐具铅、镉溶出量标准。与此同时,有关陶瓷釉彩颜料及釉料铅溶出量方面研究报道也逐渐增多。但是,其中探讨铅溶出量与釉料     

《精陶高温釉中彩》技术总结

精陶釉中彩的装饰方法是以高温快烧颜料作为彩料,采用平版调墨印刷工艺,印刷釉中彩薄膜贴花纸,贴于已釉烧之精陶制品上,在辊道窑内经1060～1100℃的高温快速彩烧。由于釉层在高温下再熔融,使颜料颗粒渗入釉层,冷却后的制品画面色彩绚丽,光滑晶莹,其化学抗蚀性和耐磨性能较好,不仅彻底解决了精陶制品画面的铅溶出量问题,而且还具有釉下彩装饰的效果。     

釉中彩高温辊道窑技术总结

遵照轻工部科技司的指示精神,为配套杯子机械生产线的后道工序,实现高温快速彩烤新工艺,彻底解决日用精陶画面铅溶出量问题。我们收集了国内外有关辊道窑生产的实际经验,并结合精陶釉中彩的工艺特点,设计了这条釉中彩高温辊道窑。     

陶瓷墙地砖铅溶出量的探讨

通过对陶瓷墙地砖的坯釉原料、化学成份、生产工艺流程和产品的铅溶出量检测逐一分析研究,从理论和实践的结合上探讨了陶瓷墙地砖铅溶出量的问题。     

降低陶瓷铅镉溶出量的措施

大家知道,影响日用陶瓷釉面和画面铅、镉溶出量的因素很多,如:釉的种类、添加剂、窑型、颜料、施彩工艺、画面厚度和面积大小等都是影响日用陶瓷铅溶出量的重要因素.因此,降低铅、镉溶出量的方法措施也就很多.概括起来有下列几方面的措施.1、尽可能地使用不含铅、镉的釉料.对凡是与食物、饮料接触的日用陶瓷器皿,要尽可能地使用无铅釉,使釉层不含铅毒或少含铅毒.凡是因某些坯体配方或釉用原料受到限制     

影响金红颜料呈色的几种因素

本文通过对金红色剂和熔剂各个组份的调试，剖析了诸组份对金红呈色的影响机理，确定了合理的组成，克服了以往金红色调偏紫、烤烧范围窄的缺点，使改制后的金红颜料呈色艳丽、纯正，提高了装饰效果。     

硫属铋镉化物着色玻璃显色过程的研究

本文对以硫属铋镉化物着色玻璃的显色过程进行了系统的研究与讨论。X射线衍射、透射电镜、电子衍射及EDAX能谱分析表明;玻璃在显色过程中析出了由CdS(Se)和Bi_2Se_3等半导体化合物组成的固溶体微晶,其组成随显色温度的提高而改变,从而造成玻璃光吸收的变化。ZnO参与了玻璃的显色过程。从热力学与动力学的观点分析了玻璃的显色过程,对实验结果作了较为圆满的解释。     

分析用水对陶瓷铅溶出量测定的影响

分析用水水质对日用陶瓷铅溶出量测定具有重要影响,CL-、SO42-、CO2等严重抑制铅的溶出,使测定结果偏低。     

浓色母料的开发与应用

介绍塑料制品着色用浓色母料的载体、颜料、分散剂及配合协同体系组分的选择,浓色母料的生产工艺和设备,以及浓色母料的应用。     

Colouring Wood

Before the development of synthetic dyes, natural materials and extracts were used to colour wood, but few remain in use. Present day colouring uses synthetic dyes or pigment or natural pigment dissolved or dispersed in water, hydrocarbon solvents, alcohols or glycols. Properties of each group and factors affecting choices of combinations for colouring solid wood are reviewed both for indoor and outdoor use.     

抗静电可染棉型丙纶短纤维的研制

通过对抗静电可染丙纶短纤维抗静电及染色机理的分析研究，试制出了丙纶用新型复合抗静电剂及染色剂，并得到了生产题述纤维的两组分最佳添加量及生产工艺．结果表明：抗静电组分加入量为６％，可染组分加入量在８％～１０％时，纤维相对上染率可达６５％以上（分散兰２ＢＬＮ，１００℃＋４０ｍｉｎ），备电压３２Ｖ，半衰期１．３ｓ．该纤维可在普通绵纺设备上纺制成高支纱线，并可经染整加工成各种色泽。     

Superficial colouring of lead crystal glass by sol–gel coatings

Sol–gel silver containing coatings have been prepared and applied upon lead crystal glass. Both undoped and arsenic oxide-doped lead crystal glasses have been used as substrates. Arsenic oxide was introduced with different percentages as a thermoreducing agent, with the aim to favour silver ions reduction and aggregation to form nanosized colloids. Such silver colloids yielded a superficial yellow ruby colouring, due to their known surface plasmon resonance band in the visible range (∼420 nm). The influence of the experimental parameters to obtain yellow ruby colouring (percentage of arsenic oxide in the lead crystal base glass; silver content of the coatings precursor sol; coating thickness; atmosphere, temperature and time for thermal densification; etc.) were investigated. Samples were studied by transmission electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy (absorption and transmission). Colour co-ordinates, dominant wavelength and colour purity percentage were calculated from the corresponding transmission visible spectra. The role of the thermoreducing dopant (arsenic oxide) is essential for obtaining superficial yellow colouring. The higher the percentage of arsenic oxide, the higher is the intensity of the yellow colouring. When the silver content of sols increased, the same tendency is observed. Thermal densification of the sol–gel coatings have to be carried out under oxidising atmosphere, since heat-treatments performed under reducing atmosphere yielded grey-brownish colouring, due to reduction of the lead from the base glass. Optimum conditions for obtaining superficial yellow ruby colouring on lead crystal glass were selected.     

涤纶着色剂对聚酯熔体流变性能和纤维结构性能的影响

本文用流变仪、X—射线衍射、DSC、电子显微镜等方法研究了涤纶色母粒中着色剂对聚酯熔体流变性能和纤维热性能以及结晶取向的影响。研究结果表明,在工业常用色含量的聚酯中,颜料起着阻流作用,可溶性染料起着增流作用。加有着色剂的聚酯的玻璃化温度Tg、结晶温度Tc、熔点Tm、晶体取向、纤维的物理结构性能与基本色聚酯相比没有明显变化。在色含量增加时,聚酯中的颜料碳黑对Tg、Tm和结晶度没有影响,Tc稍有降低。可溶性染料对Tg影响极微,对Tc、Tm、特性粘度、结晶度、晶体长度略有影响;碳黑在聚酯中以球粒状分散存在,可溶性染料在常规含量下与聚酯成均相结构,含量较高时,则呈海岛型两相结构。     

Crystallisation of high density polyethylene from dilute solution: Heterogeneous nucleation

The self-seeding crystallisation technique is applied to a dilute solution of polyethylene in xylene containing, in suspension, foreign particles; data concerning some pigments usually employed for colouring the plastics are reported. It is shown that this method allows easy demonstration of the interactions existing between the dissolved polymer and the pigment; at the same time, it is possible to study the morphology which is evolved as a consequence of these interactions under particularly simple conditions as only a small amount of polymer crystallises on the pigment particles. The behaviour of several pigments is consistent with the results obtained by crystallising the bulk polyethylene coloured with the same pigments. Some unusual morphologies are made evident.     

火焰光度法测定氧化铝中的氧化钠

氧化铝原料纯度高,熔点高,不被氢氟酸—硫酸所分解,但能迅速熔解于热的硫—磷混酸溶液中。控制溶液中硫—磷混酸的浓度,并在氧化钠系列标准溶液中配入等量的硫—磷混酸,即可在火焰光度计上直接测量氧化钠的含量。