置换DCT域中频系数的盲水印嵌入算法研究

介绍了一种基于离散余弦变换域(DCT)中频系数置换的盲水印算法,用该算法对数字水印进行了自适应嵌入方法研究.该算法突破了数字水印的加性算法、乘性算法等传统的水印嵌入方法;解决了被提取水印中含有原始图像DCT系数从而影响水印检测准确性的问题.该算法使用人类视觉模型对水印图像进行自适应嵌入,使嵌入的数字水印从根本上不可逆.实验证明该算法对数字水印的滤波、剪切、噪声等攻击有很强的鲁棒性.     

一种基于纠错编码技术的盲数字水印算法

目前基于离散余弦变换的图像数字水印技术水印大多都不能盲提取.提出一种基于量化的鲁棒性数字水印技术.首先,对水印信息进行纠错编码提高水印的鲁棒性,并通过Arnold置乱对水印信息进行加密;然后将原始载体图像经过8×8分块DCT变换后,根据预处理后的水印数据量选定水印嵌入位置;最后对DCT系数进行量化同时完成水印信息的嵌入.本算法实现了水印的盲提取.实验表明,文中水印方法实现简单,具有较好的稳健性和不可见性,能有效抵抗噪声、JPEG有损压缩、滤波等恶意攻击.     

一种基于DWT和DCT的自适应盲水印算法

研究鲁棒性水印算法一直是数字水印技术发展的重要方向,文中根据Watson视觉模型推导出的一种可以直接应用于DCT域的自适应归一化掩模作为水印嵌入强度,利用相邻的DWT和DCT块之间的关系把二值水印嵌入到灰度图像中,提取水印时不需要原始图像,实现了盲提取。实验结果表明,本算法在不可见性和鲁棒性方面具有良好性能。     

基于离散余弦变换的自适应盲视频水印算法

设计了一种基于离散余弦变换的自适应盲视频水印算法,先用混沌序列对水印图像加密,再将视频序列进行分帧,提取亮度分量作二维8×8DCT变换,将水印嵌入到DCT分块的低频系数中。水印的提取不需要原始视频信号和原始水印,实现了水印的盲检测。实验结果表明,水印的不可感知性很好,在抵抗椒盐噪声、高斯噪声、帧删除、帧剪切及高斯低通滤波等多种攻击时具有良好的鲁棒性。     

双重变换域和水印划分策略的鲁棒盲水印方案

提出一种基于DWT和DCT域相结合的数字水印算法。利用Arnold变换对水印进行置乱,消除像素的空间相关性,增强水印图像抗剪切等操作的鲁棒性。将水印和载体图像分为两部分,结合DCT和DWT的特性,将一部分水印自适应量化嵌入到DCT视觉容量最大的DC系数上,另一部分自适应嵌入到DWT的中频子带中,有效地解决了水印的容量问题,并提高水印的鲁棒性和不可见性。实验证明该算法对JEPG压缩、几何剪切、滤波、叠加噪声等攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

复合式的多功能数字水印算法

提出了一种鲁棒性数字水印和脆弱性数字水印相结合的复合式水印算法,具有较好的双重保护性能,即鲁棒性数字水印用于版权认证方面和脆弱性数字水印用于图像内容的保护.首先,在原始载体图像的DCT中频域上嵌入不可见水印;其次,再根据LSB算法在空域自适应地嵌入脆弱性数字水印.实验结果表明,该方法不可见性好,对一般的图像处理和攻击,如JPEG压缩、滤波、加噪声、旋转、缩放等都有良好的鲁棒性,同时还能对图像中细微的篡改进行有效精确的定位,并且作为一种盲水印算法有着良好的安全性.     

DCT域加密自适应数字水印算法*

针对常规的DCT域数字水印算法自适应性差的缺陷,提出一种基于DCT(离散余弦变换)域加密和自适应相结合的数字水印算法。该算法在水印嵌入前先对水印进行Arnold变换,这样做一方面降低了水印数据间的相关性,另一方面也对水印数据进行了加密处理从而大大提高了水印的安全性。通过JPEG量化矩阵选取一定数量的DCT系数用于嵌入水印。嵌入过程中对水印的嵌入强度进行动态自适应调节,在确保了隐蔽性的前提下使得提取效果更好。实验表明,该算法对均值滤波、高斯噪声、椒盐噪声,以及JPEG压缩等攻击有一定的鲁棒性。     

一种基于zigzag扫描的DCT鲁棒数字盲水印算法

针对提高水印算法的鲁棒性进行研究,提出一种基于zigzag扫描的DCT鲁棒数字盲水印算法。算法对分块后DCT域的中、低频系数进行zigzag扫描得到一维数列,利用每个数列数学范数比值和量化索引调制原理实现数字水印的嵌入,然后通过最小距离公式对水印提取。与其他算法相比,实验结果显示算法能够抵抗多种攻击,具有较好的透明性与鲁棒性。水印提取过程不需要原载体图像,实现水印信息盲提取。     

基于图像边缘的自适应互补水印算法

对图像数字水印的鲁棒性和不可见性进行了研究,提出了一种在图像边缘处嵌入数字水印的思想.利用Sobel算子新灰度值提取边缘特征点并自适应地确认水印嵌入强度.同时根据人类视觉系统的特性,在小波变换后的细节子带上嵌入互补性水印.实验结果表明,嵌入水印后的图像无明显质量下降,并且可以有效地抵抗压缩,滤波、噪声等各种攻击.证明了该基于图像边缘的自适应互补水印算法同时具有较好的鲁棒性和不可见性.     

基于整数DCT变换的新水印算法

鲁棒性及掩蔽性是衡量数字水印算法性能的重要指标。为了用较低算法复杂度使数字水印具有较好的鲁棒性与掩蔽性,提出了一种基于整数DCT变换的新的鲁棒水印算法。该算法利用DCT变换的整数特点,首先对频域嵌入系数进行定量分析,找出适合嵌入的系数与嵌入阈值的大小关系,接着提取每个图像块的DC系数组成一幅新图,选择新图中具有复杂纹理的图像块再次进行整数DCT变换,最后将水印信号嵌入到这些图像块域的系数中。仿真实验结果表明,新算法既保证了水印的掩蔽性,又同时具有很好的鲁棒性,对JPEG压缩、噪声、滤波等攻击都具有很好的免疫能力,即使是在马赛克攻击下也能提取出水印图像。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.