一种基于运行时验证的Web服务选择方法

为了确保用户选择的Web服务的运行时行为与用户需求之间的一致性,提出了一种基于运行时验证的服务选择方法。首先基于自动机原理,对Web服务进行运行时验证。其次,定义了3种程度的行为匹配关系,基于运行时验证结果,量化Web服务运行时行为与用户需求之间的匹配程度,并使用AHP理论计算用户偏好。方法综合考虑行为匹配程度和用户偏好对服务选择的影响,提出服务选择策略。最后通过实验分析和比较说明了该方法的合理性。     

基于Petri网的Web服务交互行为一致性检测方法

在复杂多变且不可预知的因特网环境中,Web组合服务的实际交互行为和它本身定义的规约之间的一致性是难以确保的。为了解决这个问题,提出了一种将服务组合实例的服务交互行为Petri网模型应用于交互行为一致性检测的方法。首先,提出了一个Web服务交互行为的运行时监控框架,从行为抽象和提取方法、服务交互行为的捕获机制以及交互行为一致性运行时检测方法三方面进行了详细介绍。还详细描述了基于服务交互行为Petri网模型的一致性检测机制。最后,对一致性检测方法的负载和性能进行了充分的评估。     

面向基于场景规约的Web服务消息流分析与验证

采用UML顺序图构成基于场景的规约、WS-BPEL作为Web服务的描述语言,提出了一种面向基于场景规约对Web服务消息流进行分析与验证的方法:首先,对WS-BPEL消息流进行分析并将其自动抽象为基于Petri网的模型;同时,为了缩小状态空间、提高验证效率,在不影响消息交互顺序的前提下,对WS-BPEL源码和基于Petri网的模型分别进行化简,即面向基于场景规约将与验证无关的活动和元素删除;最后,通过遍历基于Petri网的模型以验证WS-BPEL消息流与基于场景的规约之间的一致性(消息交互顺序的存在/强制一致性).文中通过一个贯穿整个分析与验证过程的实例加以说明.该方法已经实现成为一个原型工具.     

利用UML-RT序列图支持基于事务的SoC系统级功能验证

SoC基于事务的验证方法面临的一个重要问题是如何设计验证系统级复杂交互行为的事务测试序列。基于场景的序列图是设计人员捕获系统级功能规约的良好方法。本文提出了一种利用UML-RT序列图捕获SoC各个IP核之间的通信协作行为,为基于事务的验证建立高层规约,指导系统级测试序列生成的方法。我们自行开发了一个基于构件的事务验证环境SoC-CBTVE,并在该环境中利用本文的方法对一个典型的SoC设计进行了验证和分析。实验结果表明,利用UML-RT序列图能够捕获SoC系统级IP核之间的复杂通信行为,有效支持SoC系统级功能验证。     

一种基于扩展有限自动机验证组合Web服务的方法

为简化并自动化组合Web服务验证,提出一种基于扩展有限自动机(extended deterministic finite automata,简称EDFA)验证组合Web服务的方法.使用EDFA可以准确地描述Web服务:EDFA的状态表达Web服务在与用户交互的过程中维护的状态;EDFA的状态转移及其标注描述Web服务与用户间的消息交换.EDFA给出Web服务交互过程的所有消息交换序列,刻画出Web服务的动态行为.使用基于EDFA的组合Web服务验证方法不但可以验证组合Web服务是否满足系统需求,还可以验证组合Web服务运行过程是否有逻辑错误.与其他方法相比,该方法更适于验证开放式环境下的组合Web服务.     

一种面向Web复合服务的运行时监控方法

随着计算机技术的发展,软件面临着日益严峻的可信性要求,运行时监控技术作为保证软件可信性的一个重要方法,已受到人们的普遍关注。分析总结传统软件运行时监控技术的基本问题和方法,给出运行时监控的基本视图。针对Web复合服务面临的特殊运行环境及监控需求,提出一种监控框架。该框架以事件计算建模行为规约,在无法对构件服务进行插装的情况下实现对复合服务的有效监控。     

一种基于CPN的运行时监控服务交互行为的方法

BPEL对Web服务组合的描述特性使得它很难表达和分析服务组合中的交互行为属性.这些行为属性需要遵循一定的交互协议.然而良定义的交互协议还是容易受到侵犯,这将导致服务组合进程产生状态不一致的问题.为了解决这类实际交互行为与其服务组合描述之间的不一致性问题,提出了一种由BPEL描述自动构造运行时监控器的方法.首先提出了一种基于有色Petri网(CPN)的形式化表示模型以及服务组合规约到模型的映射方法,用于精确表达从BPEL流程描述中提取的服务交互行为规约.然后,描述了由CPN形式化表示模型生成运行时监控器的方法.该运行时监控器能够捕获所有进出服务组合进程的交互消息,并且检测是否存在违背交互协议的行为.     

包含协议和语义的构件一致性验证方法

在基于构件的系统设计中,需要对构件的一致性进行验证。构件的一致性包括语义一致性和协议一致性,已有的一致性验证方法仅支持构件的协议一致性验证。而在实际应用中除了要进行构件的协议一致性验证外,还需要进行其语义一致性验证。为此提出了一种包含协议和语义的构件一致性验证方法。所提方法将方法语义与基于场景的需求规约相结合,使用语义扩展接口自动机模型(SIA)来建模构件的语义和协议信息,使用带有语义约束的UML交互概观图来表示基于场景的需求规约。通过对SIA和带语义约束的UML交互概观图的行为的理论分析,进一步形成了一种一致性验证算法,并用实例来说明其过程。该算法不仅能够检验系统中构件的协议一致性,而且能够检验其语义一致性。该算法中的方法语义包括了该方法参数的类型和详细语义信息,更符合实际应用情形。     

基于功能属性语义的Web服务组合方法

Web服务组合方法是Web服务研究领域的热点之一,常用的方法是通过Web服务的input和output参数的匹配,将已有的Web服务组合成满足用户复杂需求的Web服务。但普遍存在缺乏对Web服务功能属性语义的考虑,而且因为随着Web服务的数量上的急剧增长,如果对每一种可能的组合都进行考虑则会增加组合服务的复杂度。为此提出一种基于Web服务语义图模型的服务组合方法。利用功能参数之间的语义关联,建立一种Web服务语义功能属性描述模型,对那些在功能属性语义上具有关联性的Web服务,采用图路径搜索的方法来完成服务组合,从而在服务组合阶段缩小参与服务组合的范围,提高了组合服务的效率和有效性。     

基于策略的Web服务非功能属性匹配

Web服务的非功能属性匹配对增强Web服务发现的准确性,保证Web服务调用质量具有重要作用。目前Web服务的非功能属性匹配研究一般局限于某一具体的非功能属性,缺少支持各非功能属性的统一匹配方法。该文提出了一种基于策略的Web服务非功能属性的匹配方法,把Web服务非功能属性作为服务双方的策略,利用策略匹配来实现非功能属性的匹配。采用WSPL作为策略描述语言,并提出了层次化策略的概念,利用不同的发布方式对不同层次的策略进行发布,服务发现的过程与不同层次的策略匹配结合在一起。该方法支持各种非功能属性的匹配,并可以容易地和Web服务的功能性匹配方法结合到一起,形成完整的Web服务发现匹配系统。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。