基于人眼视觉系统的H.264/AVC码率控制算法

提出了一种基于人眼视觉系统（HVS）特性的H.264/AVC码率控制方案以解决传统的H.264/AVC码率控制算法中由于码率分配不当造成视频质量较差的问题。该方案利用人眼视觉系统对视频场景感知的选择性设计了一种新的基于区域的码率控制算法。首先,利用当前帧和前一帧的信息快速地检测出运动区域和非运动区域。其次,根据宏块所在区域的复杂度进一步将非运动区域细分为平坦区域和复杂区域。最后,对这3种区域依据不同的视觉敏感度权重分配适当的比特数。基于不同区域峰值信噪比（PSNR）、连续帧PSNR、主观评价以及缓冲器充盈度综合评价了本文算法的性能,结果表明,提出的基于区域的码率控制方案对不同视觉特性区域的比特分配有较高的鲁棒性,与JVT-G012的码率控制算法相比能获得较好的主观和客观编码质量。     

一种视频质量检测系统的实现

本文提出了一种快速检测视频的质量的算法,可应用于档案收集过程中对视频的质量的快速检测。由于传统的检测方法基本基于人对视觉图像的主观判断,所以存在效率低,对跳帧、缺帧、失真等质量缺陷不能有效的检测,对视频质量的判断没有客观标准等缺陷,针对以上缺陷,本文提出的算法基于视频图像的国际检测标准建立视频资料的客观评价体系,并可以对黑场、静帧、跳帧、马赛克、模糊等视频缺陷做出快速判断。     

结合HVS和相似特征的图像质量评估方法

图像质量的客观评价方法研究在实现图像质量评价仪器化的过程中起到决定性的作用.在分析最新全参考图像质量评价算法:特征相似法(feature similarity,FSIM)的基础上,利用对比敏感度函数(contrast sensitivity function,CSF)算子以及离散余弦变换(discrete cosine transform,DCT)域的对比度掩盖效应,提出了一种改进的FSIM图像质量评价方法.该方法具有FSIM算法简单、高效等特性,同时又充分体现人眼视觉特性,更好地反映了人的主观感受.LIVE(laboratory for image and video engi-neering)测试数据集的实验结果证明,该方法在非线性回归后相关系数、斯皮尔曼相关系数、线外率等指标方面均优于传统的其他图像质量评价算法.     

一种基于三维小波变换的图像编码算法

提出了一种新的基于三维小波变换的图像序列压缩算法.该算法在量化编码时,着眼于"体",采用平面与纵向相结合的形式组织系数,并对运动程度不同的区域以及帧内不同特性的区域加以区分.以QCIF格式的标准序列图像Miss American作为测试图像进行实验,实验结果表明该算法有效可行,主观质量较好,无方块效应.     

基于双目视觉特性的立体视频编码码率控制算法

为了使立体视频中的比特分配更加符合人眼视觉感知特性,提出了一种非对称质量的立体视频编码码率控制算法。首先,建立了左右帧的码率分配比例与量化参数差值之间的立体指数RRQ(Rate-ratio Quantization)模型。然后,将码率控制算法分为SGOP(Stereoscopic Group of Pictures)层、立体图像对层和帧层等3个码率控制层。在SGOP层计算每个SGOP的目标码率和关键帧的量化参数;在立体图像对层根据剩余比特数和缓冲区饱和度计算每个立体图像对的目标比特;在帧层则通过分析双目视觉掩蔽效应,用一种适合于立体视频的率失真优化方法合理分配左右帧的目标码率。实验结果表明,本文算法的码率控制偏差平均值为0.21%;立体视频客观质量比对称质量算法和Wang的算法分别提高了0.23dB和0.06dB,且质量波动较为稳定。因此,该算法基本满足网络带宽传输要求。由于充分利用了人眼双目视觉特性,可满足人们对立体视频的视觉需求。     

结合人眼对比度敏感视觉特性的视频质量客观评价

结合人眼对亮度、色度、对比度以及运动目标的感知特性,提出了一种基于人眼对视频内容感知的视频质量客观评价方法。该方法将视频分为空域和时域信息分别描述,并利用人眼感知特性,从视频的亮度、色度、对比度以及目标运动4个方面提取特征,计算其强度。然后以人眼对比度敏感值作为强度的权重因子求和,构建人眼感知视频内容模型。最后,分别以此模型模拟人眼感知源视频和失真后的视频,计算每对应单元的所有像素之间和运动矢量之间的强度差;以强度差作为视频质量评价的分数,构建视频质量客观评价模型。采用LIVE数据库中的6个源视频和48个测试视频进行了质量评价实验,并与视频质量专家组(VQEG)推荐的5个较好的视频质量客观评价模型进行了对比分析。结果表明:提出模型的视频质量评价结果与主观评价结果之间的线性相关性系数达到0.8705,显示了较好的一致性,评价效果优于5个典型的模型。     

基于质量可伸缩增强层的快速帧内预测算法

提高可伸缩视频帧内编码速度的有效方法是降低帧内预测的复杂度,分析量化系数Qp对预测模式的影响,以及全零残差块与预测值之间的关系,可以得到一种新的基于质量可伸缩增强层快速帧内预测算法。实验结果表明,在保持视频图像质量基本不变的前提下,该算法能降低18%～90%的帧内预测计算量。     

广义平均的全参考型图像质量评价池化策略

为了设计与人的主观评价相吻合的全参考型客观图像质量评价(IQA)算法。针对不同算法提取的局部特征,利用广义平均的非线性性质,提出了2种池化策略,以提高结构相似度(SSIM),梯度结构相似度(GSSIM),特征相似度指标(FSIM)的评价能力。在TID2008和TID2013数据库中进行数值实验,讨论了所有失真类型非线性参数的选择以及不同失真类型之间非线性参数的变化。结果表明,采用广义平均池化策略能提高IQA算法的有效性。4种客观评价指标Spearman等级相关系数(SROCC)、Kendall等级相关系数(KROCC)、Pearson线性相关系数(PLCC)和均方误差根(RMSE)表明所提算法性能优于已有的算法,与人的视觉系统具有一致性。     

H.264/AVC码率控制中初始量化参数的估计

由于H.264/AVC采用的码率控制模型忽略了视频特性对初始帧量化参数（Initial Quantization Parameter,QP₀）选择的影响,本文提出了一种新的基于视频特性的QP₀估计算法来提高H.264/AVC的码率控制精度。首先,分析影响QP₀的视频特性,包括每像素比特数（bpp）、视频序列的复杂度和图像组（GOP）长度;然后,通过大量的测试仿真建立了QP₀与bpp和视频序列复杂度之间的函数关系;最后,结合GOP长度对QP₀的影响,修正了QP₀模型。实验结果表明：相比JM12.2中的算法,提出的算法使四分之一通用中间格式（QCIF）和通用中间格式序列重建帧的平均峰值信噪比（PSNR）分别提高了0.185 dB和0.144 dB;码率控制误差的控制幅度分别提高了37.3%和11.2%;序列中每帧图像间的质量波动均降低了约50%。该方法在提高重建帧质量的同时,大幅度降低了码率控制误差,有效地抑制了序列间每帧图像的质量波动,获得了更优质、平稳的编码视频流,并能很好地适应不同特性的视频序列。     

基于再模糊理论的无参考图像质量评价

针对目前无参考图像质量评价算法依赖训练样本集、算法复杂性较高,难以应用于图像视频采集设备等问题,提出了一种基于有效再模糊的无参考图像质量评价算法(NRIQAVR)。首先研究了便携式设备采集图像的特点,然后在再模糊理论基础上通过计算最小和最大再模糊标准差,构造了与人类视觉感知相近的NRIQAVR算法,通过理论证明该算法可以反映自然场景图像模糊度。最后在多个公开数据集和头盔摄像机采集的图像上测试,对比其他流行算法,该算法性能稳定且无需训练,评价结果与主观感知之间的相关系数平均值高于0.92,离出率低于0.05,平均执行时间0.088 s。该算法符合人类视觉感知、不依赖图像内容、简单易行、可以达到11帧/s的处理速度,具有重要实际应用价值。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.