分水岭变换和统计区域合并的图像分割算法研究

提出了一种基于分水岭变换和统计区域合并的图像分割方法.该方法综合利用高斯低通滤波、分水岭变换和统计区域合并,先对原始图像提取分割标记,然后利用Meyer分水岭变换对标记分水岭进行分割,最后利用概率统计的方法对过分割区域进行合并.该算法通过调节尺度参数可以实现由粗到细(coarse-to-fine)的分割.实验结果表明,这种简单可行的算法在分割噪声图像时依然有良好的效果,具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于标记的多尺度分水岭视频目标分割算法

针对视频目标提取的问题,提出了基于标记的多尺度分水岭视频目标分割算法.该算法以帧间变化检测为基础,通过改进的最小Tsallis交叉熵进行去噪、滤波,经形态学处理后得到运动目标初始二值掩模,并利用初始二值掩模得到用于分水岭算法的前景与背景标记,用该标记修正当前帧的多尺度形态学梯度图像,最后进行分水岭分割,得到具有精确边界的视频对象.实验结果表明,该算法能有效地分割和提取视频序列中的单个、多个以及快速运动的目标,继承了变化检测和分水岭算法速度快的优点,克服了分水岭容易产生过分割的缺点,具有较强的适用性.     

基于改进C-V模型的超声图像分割方法

图像分割是超声医学图像学中的难题之一。改进的Chan-Vese（C-V）法加入了约束符号距离函数的能量项，避免了演化时候的重新初始化。在改进C-V模型的基础上，首先借用分水岭中的思想，找到分割目标的近似轮廓，并以此轮廓生成符号距离函数，然后采用改进的C-V法进行超声图像分割。实验表明，改进的方法有更高的精准度和对多目标分割的能力。     

基于改进FAST与分水岭算法的颗粒图像分割

为准确、高效分割粘连颗粒,提出一种改进FAST特征点检测算法,并与基于h-maxima变换的分水岭算法相结合实现粘连颗粒的分割。该算法通过h-maxima分水岭算法得到候选边缘分割点和候选分割线;采用改进FAST算法遍历二值图像边缘获得图像边缘特征点;利用边缘特征点对所有候选边缘分割点进行非极大值抑制得到待边缘分割点;通过待边缘分割点从候选分割线中提取待分割线;利用边缘特征点识别待分割线中的伪边缘分割点,并去除与其相连的分割线;获得正确分割线进行图像分割;对典型颗粒进行分割实验,并与现有3种图像分割算法进行比较。结果表明:该算法相对运算时间最短,分割正确率最高且均大于95%。     

用HOUGH变换改进的曲率法识别平面轮廓图元

针对检测精度与检测速度两大指标,提出了用HOUGH变换改进的曲率法平面轮廓图元识别方法。开发了基于邻域值的轮廓点分类算法,采用曲率阈值法筛选轮廓点、投影高度法判别图元属性及分类轮廓点,构建了基于HOUGH变换的直线图元、圆弧图元分割与融合算法。对提出的方法分别进行了特征点检测精度与检测速度对比实验和特征点检测能力测试实验。实验结果表明,提出的方法图元识别准确、检测速度快、通用性好。     

基于支持向量机与改进分水岭的红细胞识别算法研究

针对因红细胞重叠以及细胞试剂里含有杂质而造成红细胞识别不准确的问题,提出了一种基于支持向量机(Support Vector Machines,SVM)与改进分水岭算法的红细胞识别算法.算法首先提取原始图像的二值化图像中每个连通区域的形状特征;利用SVM识别单个连通区域与重叠连通区域;利用改进分水岭算法将重叠区域分割为单...     

基于边缘轮廓特征匹配的飞机目标识别

为快速准确识别可见光机场区域遥感图像中飞机目标的机型,提出一种基于边缘轮廓特征匹配进行识别的方法.对图像进行各向异性扩散处理滤除噪声,针对飞机停机位置是否有阴影存在,选择不同策略分割飞机目标.采用一种改进的区域分割方法提取目标,通过canny算子提取边缘轮廓,用主成份分析法获取飞机主轴,沿主轴垂直方向用相等间隔采样,提取主轴两侧边缘点间距作为特征参数.使用等级差数法对特征进行匹配,实现机型识别.实验结果表明,该方法能准确检测、识别飞机目标,统计得目标检测准确率96.44%,识别率94.07%,验证了算法的有效性.可将算法应用在对机场区域军事目标侦查识别中,能较为快速准确地识别飞机目标,体现了算法的应用价值.     

增强图像细节和去噪能力的改进形态学分水岭算法

为了抑制分水岭算法过分割和滤波后保持图像细节,论文提出一种改进的形态学分水岭分割算法.首先,对图像进行多尺度小波分解得到低频系数和高频系数;对低频系数进行基于Perona-Malik扩散模型各向异性扩散滤波;对高频系数,引入神经网络中的sigrnoid函数改进自适应遗传算法的变异和交叉概率生成,并用父代的最优个体替换子代中最差的个体来保护最优个体不被破坏,克服遗传算法的局部最优现象,利用改进的自适应遗传算法增强和去噪.然后,对梯度图像做锐化处理以突出边缘,再做形态学运算并进行H-minima标记.最后,执行分水岭分割,实现改进的算法.实验结果表明,改进算法能够有效地抑制噪声的干扰,减轻过分割,分割精度也有所提高.     

蜡染冰纹生成算法研究

提出基于漫水思想的距离变换算法,取得较好实时性;采用概率算法确定种子点,改善冰纹分布;提出冰纹形态调整方法,改善单条冰纹形态;对交点加粗效果使用基于双曲线的交点复合距离控制,更加接近真实冰纹效果.实验表明,漫水的距离变换算法具有对数时间复杂度,实时性好;冰纹分布较以前算法更为均衡;冰纹折线及轮廓较粗问题得以解决;基于双曲线的交点复合距离控制能更好体现交点加粗效果.对已有仿真蜡染冰纹算法进行了改进,更好地实现了蜡染冰纹视觉特征.     

基于 NSCT 域特征和 PCNN 的SAR 图像目标分割

针对 SAR 图像的目标自动分割问题,在分析非下采样轮廓波变换和脉冲耦合神经网络的基础上,提出了一种基于非下采样轮廓波域特征图和 PCNN 的 SAR 图像目标分割算法.对 SAR 图像经过 NSCT 分解后的高、低频图像分别运用不同方式进行处理.对低频图用 PCNN 进行分割以获取目标所在的区域,对高频子带构造了特征图,对特征图利用 PCNN 进行分割以获取目标的精细结构.利用 MSTAR 数据进行了仿真实验,并与基于模糊 C 均值的分割算法、基于马尔可夫随机场的分割算法进行了对比.实验结果表明,所提出算法对 SAR 图像目标的分割结果更为准确,同时较其它算法具有更强的抗噪性能,是一种有效可行的 SAR 目标分割算法.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from