Hydrothermal synthesis and capacitance property of cobalt sulfide/graphene oxide nanocomposite

The cobalt sulfide/graphene oxide (CoS/GO) nanocomposite was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction. The products as-synthesized were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET-BJH and TG. The electrochemical property and impedance of the CoS/GO nanocomposite were studied by cyclic voltammetry and EIS analysis, respectively. The results show that the presence of the GO enhances the electrode conductivity, and then improves the capacitance property of the CoS/GO nanocomposite. The galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement results show that the CoS/GO nanocomposite has a high specific capacitance (550 Fg^-1) and long cycle life (over 1 000 cycles).     

氟轻松维B6乳膏制剂皮肤用药安全评价的实验研究

目的：评价氟轻松维B6乳膏制剂皮肤用药的安全性。方法：按照国家SFDA颁发的《化学药物刺激性、过敏性和溶血性研究技术指导原则》（第二稿）[1]进行豚鼠皮肤致敏试验与实验兔皮肤刺激性试验。结果：氟轻松维B6乳膏1.0g/只对豚鼠皮肤平均反应值为0,致敏率为0;氟轻松维B6乳膏乳膏0.5g/只对实验兔局部皮肤刺激性平均反应积分值为0,实验兔局部皮肤刺激的累积刺激指数为0。结论：氟轻松维B6乳膏局部皮肤用药对豚鼠皮肤无过敏反应,对实验兔皮肤无刺激性反应。     

水热法制备聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的研究

以氧化石墨烯（GO）与苯胺作为前驱物,在高温高压下一步水热反应,合成了聚苯胺/石墨烯（PANI/Gr）复合材料。利用紫外可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜研究了PANI/Gr复合材料的结构和微观形貌,进一步利用电化学工作站探究了PANI/Gr复合材料的电化学性能。研究了水热反应时苯胺与GO的投料质量比对所得复合材料的结构与电化学性能的影响。循环伏安法和恒电流充放电测试结果表明由于聚苯胺与石墨烯的相互作用,复合材料的电容性能比单组分的聚苯胺和石墨烯要高。这说明通过GO与苯胺的一步水热反应成功制备了具有优良电容性能的PANI/Gr复合材料。     

稠油泡沫驱起泡剂体系的研究

稠油油田泡沫驱过程中,单一起泡剂性能不稳定,针对这一难点问题,设计了一种新型泡沫驱起泡剂体系。采用Waring⁃Blender搅拌法,以泡沫综合指数和耐温抗盐性能为评价指标,对初步筛选得到的甜菜碱、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）4种起泡剂进行优选,最优起泡单剂为甜菜碱、CTAB。将两种起泡单剂进行不同比例的筛选,最终优选出质量比2∶1的CTAB与甜菜碱体系,并对其进行洗油能力测试和填砂管模拟实验。结果表明,该起泡剂体系耐温抗盐性好,洗油能力强,并且在填砂管模拟实验中对蒸汽驱加泡沫驱与蒸汽泡沫交替注入驱两种驱替方式进行对比,发现将蒸汽和泡沫流体交替注入油藏的驱油方式得到的原油采收率可达60.7%,具有一定的参考价值。     

海藻酸钠/氧化石墨烯复合水凝胶的制备与性能

为了研究氧化石墨烯（GO）对海藻酸钠（SA）凝胶性能的影响,以Ca2+与Fe3+作为交联剂,在SA水凝胶自组装过程中加入GO水溶液,一步法得到了海藻酸钠/氧化石墨烯（SA/GO）复合水凝胶。通过扫描电子显微镜与X射线衍射表征了所得凝胶的结构与微观形貌,测试了不同凝胶样品的平衡溶胀性能和力学性能。研究结果表明,Fe3+交联得到的凝胶结构相比Ca2+交联得到的凝胶更加紧凑,平衡溶胀性能降低较多;随着GO的加入,复合水凝胶的力学性能提升,平衡溶胀性能降低,这表明SA/GO复合水凝胶的性能可以通过选择合适的交联剂与GO用量进行调控。关键词:海藻酸钠;氧化石墨烯;复合水凝胶     

氧化石墨还原法制备石墨烯及其吸附性能

利用液相化学氧化法制备氧化石墨,通过水合肼还原氧化石墨制备石墨烯.采用X射线衍射分析、激光拉曼光谱和透射电子显微镜等测试方法,对石墨烯材料的结构和吸附性能进行分析表征.结果表明,通过氧化石墨还原法制得的石墨烯晶体结构完整性有所降低;石墨烯对极性较大的有机染料亚甲基蓝、甲基橙和罗丹明B的吸附率都在95%以上,对极性较小的有机污染物苯酚和氯苯酚的吸附能力较弱.     

聚乙酰苯胺/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料制备及其超级电容性能

采用改进的Hummers方法制备氧化石墨,在乙醇溶液中超声分散120 min得到氧化石墨烯悬浮液。采用滴涂法在玻碳电极表面得到氧化石墨烯薄膜,通过电化学技术在氧化石墨烯薄膜上沉积得到聚乙酰苯胺纳米线,成功制备了聚乙酰苯胺/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料(PAANI/GO)。利用扫描电镜、循环伏安法和恒电流充放电测试技术对合成材料的形貌和充放电性能进行表征和测试。结果表明,直径为80 nm的聚乙酰苯胺纳米线均匀分散在氧化石墨烯表面,制备的复合材料在1 mol/L高氯酸溶液中,当循环伏安扫速为10 m V/s时,可以获得706 F/g的比电容,PAANI的比电容为285 F/g。聚乙酰苯胺/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料具有优异的充放电稳定性,当恒电流为1A/g时,循环充放电1 000次比电容是初始值的90%。     

石墨烯修饰的碳纳米纤维制备及其电热转换

为提高碳纳米纤维(CNF)的电热转换效率,改善其综合导热系数,采用静电纺丝法将氧化石墨烯(GO)添加到聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维中,经过预氧化和碳化处理后制得具有三维导热网络的CNF/rGO复合纤维膜以提高其热传输效率,并考察不同石墨烯含量和碳化温度对CNF/rGO复合纤维膜导热性能的影响.结果表明:采用rGO修饰CNF复...     

聚吡咯/石墨烯复合水凝胶的制备与性能

先通过软模板法制备具有纳米管状结构的聚吡咯（PPy）,再以此PPy与氧化石墨烯（GO）为前驱物,通过水热法制备具有三维结构的聚吡咯/石墨烯（PG）复合水凝胶。研究了PPy用量对复合水凝胶的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜对其形貌进行表征,用循环伏安法和恒电流充放电法对复合凝胶的电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明,当m（PPy）∶m（GO）在1.5∶1到2.5∶1之间时,可以形成完整的PG复合水凝胶,复合水凝胶可承受自身重量约1 000倍的压力。PG复合水凝胶具有良好的电化学性能,当恒电流充放电测试的电流密度增加到20 A/g时,复合水凝胶的比电容仍然大于400 F/g。这些结果表明PG复合水凝胶在超级电容器领域有着较好的应用前景。     

The use of graphene oxide membranes for the softening of hard water

Strong chemical interactions between the oxygen-containing functional groups on graphene oxide (GO) sheets and the ions of divalent metals were exploited for the softening of hard water. GO membranes were prepared and evaluated for their ability to absorb Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions. These GO membranes can effectively absorb Ca²⁺ ions from hard water; a 1 mg GO membrane can remove as much as 0.05 mg Ca²⁺ ions. These GO membranes can be regenerated and used repeatedly.     

纳米银原液的毒性实验研究

目的：研究探讨纳米银原液急性毒性与致突变性。方法：按照《消毒技术规范》2002年版对纳米银原液进行小鼠经口急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、家兔完整皮肤刺激试验、家兔破损皮肤刺激试验、家兔急性眼刺激试验。结果：纳米银原液小鼠经口急性毒性试验为无毒性,小鼠骨髓微核实验为阴性无致突变性。家兔完整皮肤刺激实验为阴性,家兔破损皮肤刺激试验为阴性,家兔急性眼刺激试验为阴性。结论：纳米银原液属无毒级。     

Characterization and Saturable Absorption Property of Graphene Oxide on Optical Fiber by Optical Deposition

We prepared graphene oxide(GO) saturable absorber(SA) successfully through optical deposition method, which is a simple but effective approach to deposit various materials onto substrate under the effects of light, and investigated several factors that influence the optical deposition result of GO onto optical fiber end, including poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) concentration, light intensity, light mode, and deposition time. The efficient optically deposited GO preserving its nonlinearity guaranteed by GO/PMMA composite formation was also demonstrated. The GO SA prepared by optical deposition shows superior saturable absorption property with modulation depth and nonsaturable loss of 6% and 40%, respectively.     

Properties of functionalized graphene/room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber composites prepared by an In-situ reduction method

Functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) was prepared by treating graphene oxide with γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH-550) before the mixture was dispersed into α, ω-dihydroxy polydimethylsiloxane to get room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber composites by solution casting. The cured composites were then reduced with hydrazine hydrate to obtain functionalized graphene (FG)/RTV silicone rubber composites. The structures of FGO and the resultant composites were characterized by atomic force microscopy, FT-IR spectra and X-ray diffraction. KH-550 was found to be grafted onto graphene sheets, leading to an increased interlayer spacing. Significant improvements in thermal and mechanical properties were obtained. Both the FGO/RTV silicone rubber composite contain 1.0 wt% of FGO, and its reduced product showed an increase of one-step weight loss temperature with 61 ℃ and 133 ℃ higher than that of pure silicone rubber. Tensile strength and elongation at break of FG/RTV silicone rubber composite (with 0.5 wt% FGO content) increased by 175% and 67%, respectively, compared with those of pure silicone rubber.     

基于聚邻苯二胺/石墨烯修饰电极的肠道病毒71型（EV71）电化学免疫传感器

采用改性的Hummers法制备石墨烯氧化物（GO）,并将其滴涂在玻碳电极（GCE）表面。通过电化学还原将GO还原为石墨烯,并进一步采用电化学聚合法在石墨烯表面形成聚邻苯二胺（PoPD）膜,从而制备了PoPD/石墨烯修饰GCE。将EV71抗体固定在修饰电极表面,制备新型的电化学免疫传感器。当发生免疫反应时,由于EV71抗原与抗体生成的免疫复合物阻碍了电子的传递,PoPD的氧化峰电流下降。当抗原的浓度在0.1-80ng/mL范围内,PoPD氧化峰电流的降低值与抗原的浓度成正比。该免疫传感器对EV71的检测限为0.08ng/mL（信噪比为3）。     

氧化石墨烯对 HP AM 溶液黏度行为的影响

以部分水解聚丙烯酰胺( HP AM) 为基体, 将氧化石墨烯( GO) 分散在基体中, 采用物理共混法制备 GO /HP AM 复合体系。结果表明, 当GO的加入质量分数为5%时, GO /HP AM 复合体系的黏度最大, GO的加入 使得复合体系的黏度提高了将近6 3. 8 2%; GO在 HP AM 溶液中能够均匀的分散, 并且GO /HP AM 复合体系的稳定 性较好, 稳定性参数T S I值在2. 1附近不再变化; GO /HP AM 复合体系与单一的 HP AM 溶液均为假塑性流体, GO / HP AM 复合体系更接近牛顿流体, 黏度更大, 并且 GO /HP AM 复合体系的抗剪切性能要比单一的 HP AM 溶液要 好; 在不同的温度下, GO /HP AM 复合体系的黏度均高于 HP AM 溶液。     

石墨烯关联材料包覆修饰高性能纤维的研究进展

碳纳米管、石墨烯、氧化石墨烯等石墨烯关联纳米材料具有很高的强度、模量、韧性和很大的表面积, 可用于充当复合材料的增强体或涂覆修饰纤维类增强体的表面。本文综述近年来采用石墨烯关联材料来修饰纤维,从而改善纤维强化复合材料中纤维和基体树脂之间界面性能的研究进展。首先概述碳纳米管、石墨烯、氧化石墨烯3种碳纳米材料的性能和应用,然后分别介绍他们在碳纤维和玻璃纤维表面的几种修饰方法,阐述在玻璃纤维表面协同包覆碳纳米管和氧化石墨烯时,纤维表面与树脂基体的浸润性、啮合作用和协同效应。最后,对下一步包覆的研究重点提出展望,指出在研制新型促进剂、偶联剂及协同包覆常规纤维等方面,尚需深入研究。     

Microstructure and Properties of Graphene Oxide-doped TiO_2 Coating on Titanium by Micro Arc Oxidation

Micro arc oxidation(MAO) coatings doped with graphene oxide(GO) were prepared on pure titanium by adding GO and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) into a sodium silicate solution. The as-deposited coatings were comparatively analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The binding forces of the MAO, MAO+GO and MAO+GO+SDBS three coatings were measured by a scratch tester. The mechanical property of the three coatings was analyzed using the nano-indentation technique. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was tested by the electrochemical system in 3.5% NaCl solution. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples was evaluated by determining the degradation of methylene blue(MB) solution. The results showed that compared to the MAO coating, the morphologies and phase compositions of MAO+GO and MAO+GO+SDBS composite coatings were significantly different. These two composite coatings all had superior photocatalytic activity. Especially, the MAO+GO composite coating still had enhanced binding force and excellent corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the relationship between the microstructure and the properties of these three MAO coatings was analyzed.     

氧化石墨烯包覆磁性纳米粒子复合材料的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的模拟吸附

制备了一种氧化石墨烯包覆磁性纳米粒子复合材料,并运用X射线衍射、扫描/透射电镜、傅里叶红外光谱、振动样品磁强计对该复合材料进行了表征。研究结果表明,该复合材料具有Fe₃O₄核、氧化石墨烯壳的核壳结构,复合材料中皱纹丝状的氧化石墨烯紧密和磁性纳米粒子相连,Fe₃O₄成单晶状。该复合材料的制备首先在球形的Fe₃O₄纳米粒子表面包覆SiO₂涂层,再在涂层表面赋予-NH₂基,最后和氧化石墨烯反应,最终得到具有核壳结构的复合材料。对复合材料的吸附性能进行了初步模拟测试,以亚甲基蓝为吸附质,对溶液pH值、吸附剂量对吸附量的影响以及吸附等温线进行了研究,结果表明该复合材料能够在吸附后在外加磁场下快速分离,是一种优异的吸附剂。     

二氧化锰/还原氧化石墨烯复合纳米材料电-热转化特性

采用天然石墨为原料,利用修正的Hummers法,成功合成氧化石墨烯(GO)。通过浸轧-烘干-焙烘、原位液相沉积和碳化工艺制备出MnO_2@C和MnO_2/rGO@C碳化样品,并与纯棉织物(C)碳化样品进行对比测试分析。采用SEM、EDS、XRD、ICP和元素分析等技术手段对碳化样品的表观形态、内部结构、元素组成及配比进行系统表征分析,并对其电-热转化特性进行探究。测试结果表明:棉织物表面附着的GO能为MnO_2纳米粒子提供更多沉积位点,其MnO_2沉积量是纯棉织物的2.4倍。经碳化处理后,GO还原为石墨烯,样品导电性能大幅度提高,电导率由38S/m(C)提高到90S/m(MnO_2/rGO@C)。此外,MnO_2/rGO@C具有突出的电-热转化特性。在外加电压~15V时,5min内,其温度可逐步递增至稳态最大值54℃。认为该研究成果可应用于智能保暖服饰的开发和能量转换领域,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Ag3PO4/GO光催化剂的制备及性能研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为基底,利用离子交换法制备了球形和立方体表面结构的Ag₃PO₄/GO复合光催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对样品进行了表征。罗丹明B的光催化降解实验结果表明：Ag₃PO₄/GO催化剂在100 min内对20 mg/L罗丹明B的去除率可达98.5%,明显高于球形Ag₃PO₄ (83.8%)及立方形Ag₃PO₄ (88.1%)。另外,Ag₃PO₄/GO复合材料在光催化降解重复性实验中表现出良好的稳定性,循环五次后对罗丹明B的去除率仍可达95%以上。