智能光网络的多层生存性技术

文章对多层网络生存性问题、独立的网络生存性配置方案和多层网络生存性配置方案进行了概括和分析,对基于IP,GMPLS/Optical智能光网络多层结构的调整策略进行了研究,并讨论了基于智能光网络的统一控制平面、利用层间信令协调机制的集成多层网络生存性方案。     

智能光网络的生存性研究及关键技术

智能光网络是在光路由和信令控制下完成自动交换连接功能的新一代光网络。在传输带宽和业务应用需求的双重驱动下,智能光网络作为光传送网的发展趋势得到越来越多的关注。介绍并分析了目前智能光网络的结构特点,在基于GMPLS与ASON相结合的新一代智能光网络模型的基础上,主要探讨了智能光网络的保护与故障恢复技术以及基于GMPLS信令扩展的生存性策略。     

Optical-LSP Establishment and a QoS Maintenance Scheme Based on Differentiated Optical QoS Classes in OVPNs

A virtual private network (VPN) over Internet has the benefit of being cost-effective and flexible. However, it has difficulties providing sufficient QoS and adequate transmission capacity for high bandwidth services. Given the increasing demand for high bandwidth Internet and the demand for QoS assurances in a VPN over Internet, IP/generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS) based on a control plane combined with a high-bandwidth, dense-wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical network is seen as a very favorable approach for realizing the future optical VPN (OVPN) over IP/GMPLS over DWDM. Within this architecture, providing QoS guaranteed multimedia services with a differentiated QoS guaranteed protocol framework with QoS recovery is one of the key issues to implement. Therefore, we suggest in this paper optical-label switched path (O-LSP) establishment and its QoS maintenance scheme based on differentiated optical QoS-service (DOQoS) classes. They are the key components for this DOQoS framework in assuring end-to-end QoS in an OVPN over IP/GMPLS over DWDM architecture.     

移动软交换IP承载信令及语音带宽计算研究

简要说明了移动软交换信令、语音IP化后与传统TDM承载的不同;在给出R4网络架构的基础上,详细阐述了H248、BICC、MAP、CAP、ISUP、BSSAP信令的基本概念、协议栈、带宽计算方法和Nb接口的基本概念、协议栈、带宽计算方法。     

基于GMPLS的智能光网络流量工程研究

自动交换光网络已经成为下一代光网络的发展方向,而其控制平面的分布式连接管理功能则是实现光网络智能性的关键。本文介绍了自动交换光网络的功能结构,在此基础上系统论述了分布式连接管理的功能要求,详细分析了分布式的呼叫和连接处理的实现过程,并给出了具体的参考流程和状态转移模型。     

Signaling Schemes for Distributed Connection Management in Wavelength-Routed Optical Mesh Networks

The next-generation optical transport network will evolve from point-to-point connectivity to mesh networking, which can provide fast and automatic provisioning with enhanced flexibility and survivability. Signaling is used to support connection setup, maintenance, and teardown in such a network. In this paper, we study the performance of two hop-by-hop and one parallel signaling schemes in wavelength-routed optical mesh networks. Based on the sequence between optical crossconnect (OXC) switching and signaling message processing, we classify hop-by-hop signaling into two types that comply with the requirements of GMPLS signaling protocols. These two types are forward before switching configuration (FBSC) and forward after switching configuration (FASC). Also, we propose a parallel signaling scheme that is different from the existing hop-by-hop GMPLS signaling protocols. Considering OXC architectures and traffic patterns, we compare the FBSC, FASC, and parallel signaling schemes using simulation experiments, in terms of network blocking probability and reservation time. The simulation data reveal that the performance of a signaling scheme depends on the nature of the signaling as well as the network setting (e.g., the OXC architecture and traffic pattern). We analyze reasons for this result and discuss tradeoffs between these signaling schemes. This work offers some insight into designing an efficient signaling protocol for wavelength-routed optical mesh networks.     

Extending generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) for polymorphous, agile, and transparent optical networks (PATON)

This article presents a vision for the emerging integrated optical networks to meet various traffic requirements and design criteria. To address the shortcomings in today's GMPLS over wavelength-routed optical networks, a new network architecture called polymorphous, agile, and transparent optical networks (PATON) is proposed. PATON uses polymorphous optical burst switching (POBS) to seamlessly integrate different signaling, switching, and reservation schemes. The main features of PATON, along with its benefits as well as design and implementation challenges, are also described. Finally, both qualitative and quantitative performance comparisons of POBS with the two representative IP/GMPLS/OCS approaches are provided     

Efficient distributed restoration path selection for shared mesh restoration

In MPLS/GMPLS networks, a range of restoration schemes will be required to support different tradeoffs between service interruption time and network resource utilization. In light of these tradeoffs, path-based end-to-end shared mesh restoration provides a very attractive solution. However, efficient use of bandwidth for shared mesh restoration strongly relies on the procedure for selecting restoration paths. We propose an efficient restoration path selection algorithm for restorable connections over shared bandwidth in a fully distributed MPLS/GMPLS architecture. We also describe how to extend MPLS/GMPLS signaling protocols to collect the necessary information efficiently. To evaluate the algorithm's performance, we compare it via simulation with two other well-known algorithms on a typical intercity backbone network. The key figure of merit for restoration bandwidth efficiency is restoration overbuild, i.e., the extra bandwidth required to meet the network restoration objective as a percentage of the bandwidth of the network with no restoration. Our simulation results show that our algorithm uses significantly less restoration overbuild (63%-68%) compared with the other two algorithms (83%-90%).     

Scalable Quasi‐Dynamic‐Provisioning‐Based Admission Control Mechanism in Differentiated Service Networks

The architecture in a differentiated services (DiffServ) network is based on a simple model that applies a per‐class service in the core node of the network. However, because the network behavior is simple, the network structure and provisioning is complicated. If a service provider wants dynamic provisioning or a better bandwidth guarantee, the differentiated services network must use a signaling protocol with QoS parameters or an admission control method. Unfortunately, these methods increase the complexity. To overcome the problems with complexity, we investigated scalable dynamic provisioning for admission control in DiffServ networks. We propose a new scalable qDPM² mechanism based on a centralized bandwidth broker and distributed measurement‐based admission control and movable boundary bandwidth management to support heterogeneous QoS requirements in DiffServ networks.     

集成化的光因特网技术

未来的光网络在体系结构复杂程度方面必须降低,以便节省费用和便于管理。将IP构建于光层上无疑是正确的解决办法。通用多协议标记交换(GMPLS)技术的出现,为光因特网的实现提供了一种新的方式。分析了IP层与WDM层的组网模型,基于GMPLS技术,建立了新的集成化的光因特网网络体系结构,分析和讨论了基于GMPLS的光因特网的控制平面的特征。研究结果为实现光因特网提供了一种新方法。     

基于GMPLS的OBS网络技术

GMPLS(通用多协议标签交换)是MPLS技术向光网络发展的产物。描述GMPLS和MPLS控制平台的区别,介绍引用GMPLS协议作为控制平面的OBS网络。提出的网络结构是在OBS的突发控制包中用通用标签代替源节点和目的节点地址,并使用GMPLS协议栈对路由协议、信令功能以及链路管理协议进行增强和扩展以便更好地支持OBS网络。     

Resilience in GMPLS path management: model and mechanism

The recent advent of converging the IP and optical networks has necessitated the development of a generalized multiprotocol label switching framework. Resilience becomes more important than ever before in a GMPLS network since a single cut of an optical fiber may generate hundreds of link and node failures at high layers of the GMPLS architecture. In this article we briefly survey the current work regarding GMPLS recovery management, and present a new resilience-based dynamic GMPLS path management strategy. We present a simple model to represent the resilience requirements in GMPLS path management, and propose fast path management algorithms. The salient feature of the proposed approach is that it enables the paths to be dynamically selected under multiple simultaneous failure occurrences while satisfying the resilience requirement. Backup path design rules are developed, and the condition for backup path availability is derived for the special mesh-type GMPLS network. Finally, a simple example is shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed resilience model and path management mechanism.     

High-Performance Hybrid-Switching Optical Router for IP over WDM Integration

Because pure electrical routers with their bandwidth limitations can hardly keep up with the tremendous traffic growth in the Internet, optical routers based on various optical switching techniques including optical wavelength switching (OWS), optical burst switching (OBS), and optical packet switching (OPS) have been suggested to cope with this problem. However, because OBS and OPS are both in their early experimental phase and OWS only provides coarse granularity switching, a hybrid-switching optical router with combined OWS and electrical packet switching is a necessity in order to accommodate the entire multi-granularity traffic with multi-service requirements in a cost-effective manner. Its coordination capability of optical circuit switching and electrical packet switching enables efficient/intelligent usage of network resources. In this paper, we first review research and developments of such IP routers employing optical switching/interconnection techniques and examine how these techniques can be used inside routers to scale node capacity and to improve optical Internet performance. We also present and study the performance of a terabit optical router with an optical-electrical hybrid-switching fabric. The node architecture is based on the idea of IP over WDM integration with Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS). The network-level performance evaluations show that the proposed hybrid-switching optical router is a cost-effective solution for building the next generation GMPLS-based multi-granularity optical Internet.     

Distributed virtual network topology control mechanism in GMPLS-based multiregion networks

This paper proposes a distributed virtual network topology (VNT) reconfiguration method for Internet Protocol over a wavelength-division-multiplexing network under dynamic traffic demand. We have developed a simple heuristic algorithm for calculating the VNT for distributed control. A generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS)-based routing protocol has been developed. The VNT is quickly reconfigured by setting up and/or tearing down lightpaths using a GMPLS signaling protocol. Traffic demand is measured at the ingress node and advertised by the extended GMPLS routing protocol. Performance of the proposed method is investigated using variable traffic model.     

GMPLS-IP层与光层融合的核心技术

GMPLS是MPLS向光网络的扩展，文章在简要介绍了MPLS技术的基本思路之后，主要介绍了将IP层与光层融合起来的GMPLS技术，包括GMPLS中的标签、路由与寻址、信令、链路管理等内容。     

用于Mesh光网络快速保护恢复的GMPLS信令机制的扩展

分析了Mesh光网络保护机制和恢复机制,并对GMPLS信令机制进行了扩展,给出了扩展后实现保护恢复的协议格式和信令流程,最后依据实验数据给出扩展的GMPLS信令机制的保护、恢复时间的仿真结果.     

一种新型的ASON安全组播信令协议

针对自动变换光网络组播信令过程中存在的安全威胁,提出了一种高效的基于GMPLS RSVP-TE的安全组播信令协议。该协议采用P2MP(point-to-multipoint)信令模型,通过数字签名和消息反馈等安全机制,对信令消息中的不变对象和重要可变对象实施保护。考虑到组播成员的动态变化特性,采用高效的组密钥管理策略保证组通信的前向安全性和后向安全性。经仿真实验及分析表明,该协议在保证安全建立组播树的同时,取得了较好的连接阻塞性能和较低的密钥更新时延。     

基于GMPLS的智能光网络生存性研究

智能光网络是在光路由和信令控制下完成自动交换连接功能的新一代光网络。在传输带宽和业务应用需求的双重驱动下，智能光网络作为光传送网的发展趋势正得到越来越多的关注。本文介绍并分析了目前智能光网络的结构特点，在此基础上引入了通用多协议标记交换(GMPLS)技术，最后提出并详细阐述了基于GMPLS的生存性方案。     

Advances in the management and control of optical Internet

Given the ever increasing demand for network bandwidth, and the phenomenal advances in optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networking technologies, a major component of the next generation Internet will be an Internet protocol (IP)-based optical WDM network. As IP over WDM networking technologies mature, a number of important architectural, management and control issues have surfaced. These issues need to be addressed before a true next generation optical Internet can emerge. We enumerate some of the key architectural, management and control issues and discuss corresponding approaches and advances made toward addressing these issues. We first review the different IP/WDM networking architectural models and their tradeoffs. We outline and discuss several management and control issues and corresponding approaches related to the configuration, fault, and performance management of IP over dynamic WDM networks. We present an analysis and supporting simulation results demonstrating the potential benefits of dynamic IP over WDM networks. We then discuss the issues related to IP/WDM traffic engineering in more detail, and present the approach taken in the NGI SuperNet Network Control and Management Project funded by DARPA. In particular, we motivate and present an innovative integrated traffic-engineering framework for reconfigurable IP/WDM networks. It builds on the strength of multiprotocol label switching for fine-grain IP load balancing, and on the strength of reconfigurable WDM networking for reducing the IP network's weighted-hop-distance, and for expanding the bottleneck bandwidth