装配式轻质隔墙的隔声性能研究

近些年,装配式轻质隔墙由于在现场施工和造价等方面的优势被逐步推广,其隔声性能的研究也日益受到重视。由于隔声性能受多种因素影响,文章通过一系列实验,研究和分析了不同材料和构造对装配式轻质隔墙隔声性能的影响。结果表明,装配式轻质隔墙的隔声性能受墙体板材自身的声学性能影响较大,其共振频率主要出现在125~250 Hz;通过增加墙板层数,在墙体两侧加挂或外粘玻镁板,能有效提高墙体在中低频的隔声性能;在龙骨和墙板之间填充岩棉,能显著提升墙体在全频段的隔声性能,同时能有效改善低频共振对其隔声性能的影响。     

玻璃浆料低温气密封装MEMS器件研究

系统地研究了玻璃浆料在低温下气密封装MEMS器件的过程。采用该工艺（预烧结温度400℃,烧结温度500℃,外加压强3kPa）形成的封装结构具有较高的封接强度（剪切力〉15kg）及良好的气密性（气密检测合格率达到85％）,测得的漏率符合相关标准。     

Flexural performance of fiber-reinforced ultra lightweight cement composites with low fiber content

This paper presents an experimental study on flexural performance of ultra lightweight cement composites (ULCC) with 0.5 vol% fibers. Low density of the ULCC is achieved by using cenospheres from coal-fired power plants as micro aggregates. Effects of shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) and fiber types on compressive strength and flexural performance of the ULCC are investigated. ULCC with density of 1474 kg/m³, compressive strengths of 68.2 MPa, flexural strength of 8 MPa, and deflection hardening behavior can be produced. Such good performance could be attributed primarily to the SRA which reduced entrapped air in paste matrix and densified fiber–matrix interface. The improvement on the flexural performance of the ULCC depends on fibers used and bond between fibers and matrix. Improvement of the flexural performance of the steel fiber (coated with brass) reinforced ULCC due to the densification effect by SRA was more significant than that of the PE fiber reinforced ULCC.     

Microstructure and properties of Ti/Al lightweight graded material by direct laser deposition

A novel Ti/Al lightweight graded material was fabricated successfully using the direct laser deposition process, with the composition continuously changing from 100 vol.-% Ti6Al4V to 100 vol.-% AlSi10Mg. Microstructures and phase transformations were characterised, and the mechanical properties of the Ti/Al lightweight graded material were investigated. It was found that element concentrations followed a nearly linear relationship along the compositional gradient. The maximum hardness reached 619 HV in the ‘II’ zones, and then it decreased gradually to 214 HV at the outermost layer, with the increase in the proportion of AlSi10Mg. The values for the ultimate tensile strength were above 400?MPa, and the fracture surfaces indicated a transition from ductile to brittle fracture along the graded direction.     

AgCl纳米晶掺杂铌碲酸盐系统非线性光学玻璃材料研究

铌碲酸盐非线性光学玻璃具有优良的三阶非线性光学效应,引入适量纳米晶体后,有望进一步提高玻璃的三阶非线性光学性能.本文采用在辅助电场诱导下的热处理方法在TeO2-Nb2O5-BaO-AgCl系统玻璃中析出AgCl纳米晶体,并研究了AgCl含量、热处理工艺及电场施加工艺对纳米晶析出和三阶非线性光学性能的影响.结果发现,在铌碲酸盐系统玻璃中引入0.1%～0.35%(质量分数)的AgCl,经热处理后可在玻璃中获得AgCl纳米晶体,而辅助电场提供的较小推动力可诱导更多的纳米晶体均匀析出,并且可以将其尺寸控制在20nm以下.采用辅助电场与热处理工艺相匹配的控制技术可以明显提高材料的三阶非线性光学性能.     

Fabrication and characterisation of neodymium-doped silica glass by sol-gel process

 Neodymium-doped silica glass possesses many properties ideal for high-power laser applications. These include low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature stability, and low nonlinear index of refraction. For the first time, the sol-gel process has been successfully employed to prepare highly doped neodymia silica glass, up to 5wt% Nd for homogeneous dopant distribution. The optical characteristics of the silica glass and its in-process gel, including the UV/VIS absorption spectra, infrared absorption spectra, fluorescence emission spectrum and the fluorescence lifetime, are measured and analyzed. The structure of the sample is also characterized by means of XRD and SEM. A porous gel is observed to have formed when the heat treatment temperature reaches 300^oC. Wavelength shifts in the absorption peak corresponding to the ⁴I_9/2 to ⁴F_5/2 transition have been observed during the densification process and for different Nd weig ht contents. The FTIR spectra have shown that high temperature heat treatment can greatly reduce the amount of OH groups and organic residue in the silica. We have also shown that a high OH content contributes to weak fluorescence intensity and short fluorescence lifetimes. Received: 3 March 1997 / Accepted: 27 May 1997     

New capability indices for evaluating the performance of multivariate manufacturing processes

Generally, an industrial product has more than one quality characteristic. In order to establish performance measures for evaluating the capability of a multivariate manufacturing process, several multivariate process capability indices have been developed in the past few years. Among them, Taam's MC_p and MC_pm indices have the drawback of overestimation and Hubele's three‐component capability vector lacks simplicity in practice. In this article, taking the correlation among multiple quality characteristics into account, we develop two novel indices; NMC_p and NMC_pm. Using two numerical examples we demonstrate that the true performance of multivariate processes are accurately reflected in our NMC_p and NMC_pm indices and in their associated interval estimates. Finally, simulation results show that our indices outperform both those of Taam and Hubele. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大型LNG储罐底部泡沫玻璃绝热层保冷性能

通过理论分析和工程实例对比计算,得出泡沫玻璃绝热保冷层厚度与储罐底部冷损失、蒸发量、蒸发率关系式和关系曲线,证明在绝热层一定厚度范围内,冷损失、蒸发量、蒸发率均随绝热层厚度呈双曲线关系,降低较快,此后保冷性能趋于稳定。计算表明实际工程中所采用的绝热层普遍偏厚,如实例中绝热层厚度减少53.3%,冷损失仅为最大冷损失的7.58%,仅比实际值增加3.82%;日蒸发率为0.04%,仅比实际值增大0.02%,表明实际工程中大型LNG储罐底部绝热层厚度优化大有空间。     

纤维聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒轻质土的制备及力学性能

为促进轻质土在岩土工程中的广泛应用,添加改性聚丙烯纤维改善其力学性能,通过无侧限抗压强度试验分析探讨了纤维聚苯乙烯泡沫（EPS）颗粒轻质土强度-变形特性、受压破坏模式和无侧限抗压强度的影响因素,并运用SEM从微观层次上分析了其力学机制。结果表明:不同EPS颗粒、纤维及水泥掺量时,纤维EPS颗粒轻质土的应力-应变曲线不同;EPS和水泥掺量是强度的主要影响因素,其次为纤维掺量;强度随EPS掺量的增大而显著降低,随水泥掺量增大而显著提高;未加纤维的EPS颗粒轻质土松散且易破碎,强度骤然丧失;添加纤维能提高轻质土的峰值强度、残余强度、整体性和韧性,改善其脆性破坏模式;但EPS掺量较高（大于干土质量的3%）时,纤维与水泥土粘结有限,EPS颗粒轻质土力学性能改善效果较弱;EPS颗粒为空心蜂巢结构,纤维表面布满针状的水泥水化物并形成空间网状结构。所得结论表明纤维改善了轻质土力学性能。      

紫外辐照对玻纤增强树脂基复合材料冲蚀性能的影响

为了探讨紫外老化对玻璃纤维增强环氧乙烯基酯树脂基复合材料冲蚀性能的影响,对玻璃纤维增强环氧乙烯基酯树脂基复合材料进行人工紫外加速老化试验,并对不同老化时间下试样进行冲蚀;采用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪及差式扫描仪研究了老化前后材料表面形貌、化学结构以及玻璃化转变温度的变化,并分析了不同老化时间对试样巴氏硬度、质量损失率及冲蚀失重率的影响.结果表明：随着老化时间的增加试样表面发黄现象逐渐加剧,并出现树脂基体的开裂、剥离及纤维暴露;紫外老化7 d后试样的抗冲蚀性能提升了5.3%、巴氏硬度上升3%,但老化56 d后试样抗冲蚀性能下降了15.1%、巴氏硬度下降14.6%;老化56 d后试样玻璃化转变温度上升9.3 ℃.紫外老化是一个由表及里的过程,首先造成表层树脂性能的下降;紫外老化引起树脂基体的分解、玻璃纤维与树脂基体界面的脱黏、树脂基体的脆化,进而导致材料抗冲蚀性能的下降.     

塑性钛基非晶复合材料的制备及性能

通过铜模喷铸法成功制备了一系列内生β-Ti(Zr, Nb)枝晶增塑的Ti-Zr-Nb-Cu-Be非晶复合材料, 研究了成分对枝晶体积分数及尺寸的影响及其对复合材料力学性能的调节作用。结果表明, Ti₄₈Zr₂₀Nb₁₂Cu₅Be₁₅合金压缩强度达到2061 MPa, 塑性变形高达22.5%, 表现出优异的综合力学性能。 非晶复合材料的塑性不仅与β-Ti(Zr,Nb)枝晶相的体积分数有关, 而且受到枝晶尺寸的强烈影响, 在一定体积分数条件下, 枝晶相的尺寸越大, 对剪切带的阻碍作用越明显, 合金的塑性越高。     

Investigating the role of business processes and knowledge management systems on performance: A multi-case study approach

In the ever-changing and competitive market place, organisations continuously need to improve their competitive advantage. One method to accomplish this is to form collaborative networks. Both knowledge management (KM) and KM systems play a pivotal role in the success of collaborative networks since information sharing and knowledge assets are so critical to the network. There has been a vast amount of research on KM systems but very little is known about how it affects individual and organisational performance. Drawing on the task–technology fit theory, in this study, we explore the fit or alignment between business process (task) and KM systems (technology) and its impact on KM systems utilisation based on multiple case studies. Subsequently, we investigate the impacts of both the task–technology fit and KM systems utilisation on individual and business performance. This paper contributes to the collaborative network/KM literature in several ways. First, it extends the task–technology fit theory to an important context of collaborative network/KM. Second, it replaces task with business process, which has the potential to help explain KM systems’ success on business performance. Third, the paper explores the positive impact of task–technology fit on KM system utilisation and business performance. Fourth and finally, the study provides insight into the future development of KM systems and how to better align them with managerial purposes.     

短玻纤增强丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物的制备及性能

以丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)及短玻璃纤维(SGF)为原料, 以苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)和环氧树脂(EP)为界面相容剂, 制备了SGF/SMA-EP-ABS复合材料。用扫描电镜(SEM)、 动态力学热分析(DMTA)等研究了界面相容剂对SGF增强ABS复合材料力学性能及界面粘结性能的影响。结果表明:加入SMA或EP, SGF增强ABS复合材料的力学性能明显提高; SMA与EP同时加入具有明显的协同效果, 使复合材料的性能更为优越。当SGF加入质量分数为30%时, SGF/SMA-EP-ABS复合材料的拉伸强度、 弯曲强度、 冲击强度较未添加界面相容剂时分别提高了56%、 42%、 79%。SEM和DMTA测试表明, 加入SMA和环氧树脂后, SGF与ABS基体之间的界面粘结性能得到很大改善。      

半导体玻璃微通道板制造工艺研究

体电导半导体玻璃微通道板具有优异的性能,为了突破其制造工艺的技术难关,研究和分析了过程技术参数以及缺陷成因.以磷酸盐系统半导体玻璃和酸溶玻璃作为微通道板单纤维的皮料和芯料,在电炉中熔制得到玻璃纤芯及皮料的母棒,然后根据两种玻璃的性能及工艺参数,采用光纤自动成纤系统研究了适合双坩埚法单丝拉制的工艺.重点讨论了拉丝温度和速度、玻璃液位、气氛等关键因素对成纤过程和微通道板质量的影响.通过单丝和复丝的拉制,排丝、压屏、切割和酸溶等过程,最终获得了直径为20 mm,孔径为6~7μm,像素大于400万的体电导玻璃微通道板的雏形.     

Dynamic fracture of berylium-bearing bulk metallic glass systems: A cross-technique comparison

We report on a detailed comparison between two different experimental techniques used to measure the dynamic initiation fracture toughness of a bulk metallic glass system (Vitreloy-1) and its β-phase composite. Both the coherent gradient sensing interferometry (CGS) and one-point impact techniques reveal very similar trends in the relationship for Vitreloy-1. A drastic increase in initiation toughness with the stress intensity rate is observed. By contrast, the one-point impact method shows a relative rate-insensitivity for the of the β-phase composite. The results are rationalized through a detailed characterization of the failure mechanisms.     

Csf/BAS玻璃陶瓷复合材料的制备及其力学性能研究

为了提高钡长石(BAS)玻璃陶瓷的力学性能,采用轧膜成型、热压烧结方法制备出纤维分布均匀的致密短碳纤维增强BAS玻璃陶瓷基复合材料(Csf/BAS).采用X射线衍射分析,扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜观察及三点弯曲法与单边开口梁法研究了纤维含量对复合材料组织及力学性能的影响.研究表明:Csf对BAS玻璃陶瓷有良好的强韧化效应.体积分数为30%Csf/BAS复合材料的室温抗弯强度及断裂韧性分别为255 MPa和3.45 MPa.m1/2,其主要的韧化机制为裂纹偏转、纤维的拔出与桥接.用摩尔分数25%Sr代替Ba实现了基体的六方→单斜相的完全转变,进一步提高了复合材料的力学性能.     

纳米粒子改性超高分子量聚乙烯的性能研究

采用流动性较高的高密度聚乙烯为流动改性剂,纳米SiO2为成核剂,乙烯-丙烯酸酯类共聚物为相容剂,对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)进行了加工性能和机械性能等的改性研究。结果表明:高密度聚乙烯用量为10%~15%、纳米SiO2用量为2%~3%、相容剂用量为8%~10%时,得到的复合改性聚合物的力学性能和耐磨耗性均不逊于国内外市场上知名产品,综合性能良好。     

Simulation and experimental verification of a drop test and compression test of a gable top package

A finite element framework has been proposed that can be used to simulate both empty paperboard packages and package filled with plastic granulates. A gable top package was made of a commercial paperboard, and material properties needed in the material model were determined. Two simulations were performed, a drop test and a compression test. By comparison between experimental and numerical results, the deformation mechanisms at impact could be identified and correlated to material properties. When the package was filled with granulates, different mechanisms was activated compared with an empty package. The granulates contribute to bulging of the panels, such that the edges became more load bearing compared with the panels. When the edges carried the loads, the importance of the out‐of‐plane properties also increased, and local failure initiation related to delamination was observed. Comparison between experimental and numerical impact forces shows that there are still important things to consider in the model generation, eg, variation of properties within the package, which originate both from material property variations, and the loading history, eg, during manufacturing and handling.     

Tracking the evolution processes of smart cities in China by assessing performance and efficiency

This study aimed to explore the universal evolution process of smart cities. To achieve this, we evaluated the performance and efficiency of 32 smart cities in China between 2012 and 2017. The 32 cities were divided into four categories according to average performance and efficiency. The process of change in the smart cities between 2012 and 2017 was mapped and three primary trends in performance and efficiency were identified. The final status reached by the 32 cities was predicted according to the three trends. To more effectively implement smart city initiatives, two evolutionary routes for smart cities are proposed. The findings demonstrate that the performance of smart city implementation is consistent with economic development but not with efficiency. The status of smart city implementation is not static; it depends on the context of the city and can shift between the four city categories. Smart city initiatives should be driven by technology firms with appropriate governmental guidance.