运输包装中的减碳技术探讨

推进运输包装低碳发展,应从设计、模具制作、原材料生产、材料加工成型、制版印刷、封装、物流、使用、回收、降解等整个生命周期出发,从总体上减少运输包装中的碳排放。运输包装中的减碳技术主要涉及运输包装设计、运输包装过程、运输包装材料和器具等方面。运输包装减碳技术可以为我国包装业低碳发展提供切实可行的技术支撑。     

Packaging handling evaluation methods in the grocery retail industry

The grocery retail industry, with its large product volumes, low margins and fierce competition, is constantly seeking efficiency improvements in its supply chain. The grocery retail industry uses an immense amount of packaging and is directly affected by packaging logistics activities. There is, therefore, a potential for efficiency improvements in the grocery retail supply chain through the integration and development of new systems of packaging and logistics. Packaging handling is identified as one of the main activities that has a strong impact on the overall logistical cost of a grocery chain. This research article investigates packaging handling evaluation methods and discusses how these are employed to benefit the industry. Case studies, involving six major companies from the Swedish grocery retail industry, have been used to evaluate packaging and logistics activities. This work, together with a literature review, was used to identify the need for evaluative methods and the present availability of such methods. The results indicated a lack of sufficient and usable packaging handling evaluation methods in today's grocery and packaging industry especially from a logistical point of view. The paper also highlights the lack of systematization among the few methods used and discusses how these can be used to build a systematic and multifunctional evaluation model in order to utilize the information from different studies to build a knowledge base for the future. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The cask age: the technology and history of wooden barrels

This paper explores the use of wooden casks (barrels). It shows the principles of their construction, organization of the cooper industry over time and examples of how barrels facilitated trade and logistical activities throughout the 2000 years in which they were a predominant shipping container form. The paper finds that, although the shape and construction are very different from today's shipping containers, the same design considerations apply. Package shape and weight were designed to promote material handling productivity. The geometry facilitated transport by maximizing cube utilization and tight stowage in ships and wagons. The materials and technology were readily available at low cost. The construction provided protection from handling and transit forces. Trade associations cooperated to set standards for quality control, developed educational programs and worked with governments to regulate standards. Printing identified product and stock keeping units (product and brand). The shelf‐life of food products was extended. The closure permitted easy filling and closing, stayed closed during transit, and facilitated opening and emptying. Containers were widely reused or recycled. The reasons for the end of the barrel era relate to changes in technology, logistics, markets and overall economic activity. The industrial revolution created an increase in demand and stimulated mechanization, resulting in lower quality barrels as well as the development of other substitutes. The trend to paper‐based substitutes was enabled by the invention of the papermaking machine and the process for pulping wood in the 1800s. Rail transport changed the geometry of transport vehicles and enabled mechanical handling practices that favoured the box shape. These innovations enabled a shift in marketing and retailing, ushering in the consumer packaging revolution. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

樱桃保鲜运输包装系统研究

樱桃在贮运过程中易腐烂变质,在分析樱桃保鲜方法的基础上,提出了樱桃的保鲜运输包装系统设计方案。该包装系统采用了由内而外的设计方法,对包装系统的小包装、中包装及大包装3个部分进行了材料选择及结构设计。使用该包装系统对樱桃进行包装贮藏实验,以樱桃主要成分含量的变化来评价包装效果,结果表明该系统对果品的保鲜效果良好。     

一种新型运输包装箱的开发与设计

目的 开发设计一种适用于供应链包装系统背景下的新型运输包装箱。方法 首先进行线上和线下的调研,了解供应链包装系统下现有运输包装箱的基本信息以及问题点。其次,根据调研情况研发新型运输包装箱来替代现有产品,同时根据模拟测试进行经济效益预测。结果 该运输包装箱在绿色环保、作业效率、成本等方面,均比现有运输包装箱优越。结论 该运输包装箱是一种适用于快销行业的共享型绿色运输包装箱,价格低廉,使用方便,节能环保,功能丰富,其综合技术指标优良,且其操作性强,性价比高,具有很高的市场前景,是迎接智能物流时代的必然产物。     

基于 ANSYS Workbench 的路由器风扇组包装的包装动力学应用研究

对大型路由器风扇组进行了运输包装设计,并针对运输过程中的随机振动以及跌落2种工况,对大型路由器风扇组的运输包装进行了包装动力学的应用研究。通过ANSYS Workbench软件的模拟,对仿真的结果进行了分析,验证了包装设计的可行性。该结果对各种产品的运输包装的设计及验证具有一定的指导意义。     

现代包装设计与消费心理关系

探讨包装在商品的流通中,消费心理及设计语言与消费者之间如何信息传递.包装设计最主要的功能是保护商品,其次是美化商品和传达信息,除此之外还应运用心理学的范畴,着重探讨研究设计形式因素和分析消费者的各种心理因素.只有这样才能准确地摸索到包装设计与消费者心理活动的规律,从而提高包装设计的效果,促使消费者产生购买商品的欲望与行动.     

A Supply Chain Perspective on Green Packaging Development‐Theory Versus Practice

The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into how companies work during packaging development to reduce negative environmental impact along supply chains, and to compare their practical approaches with the theoretical concepts presented in the literature. The research approach is explorative and based on nine cases in the food and manufacturing industries in Sweden. Data were collected from the managerial perspectives of the packaging manager, the logistics manager and the environmental manager. The findings indicate that companies commonly apply a variety of green packaging approaches with a focus on approaches with clear economic benefits. Moreover, companies seem to lack guidance on how to handle trade‐offs and are unable to fully utilize the theoretical environmental benefits of green packaging approaches because of internal and external barriers. The paper presents five propositions regarding to what extent the theoretical green packaging concepts are applied in practice. To address the gap between theory and practice companies should: develop packaging solutions that contribute to a reduction of environmental impact from the consumer phase (for example through improved apportionment, user‐friendly and informative packaging); use local packaging adaptation as a strategy to address geographically varying transport, handling and waste management conditions; replace brand recognition through packaging size and shape with graphic design, high‐quality materials and printing. The results confirm that internal and external collaborations are important requirements for successful green packaging development. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Packaging postponement: a global packaging strategy

Postponement applications have been growing in recent years as international firms increasingly develop global products that are customized for local markets. The purpose of this article is to provide an understanding of the logistical principles of postponement and speculation. It explores the factors that favour packaging postponement: (a) modular products that can be customized for local markets; (b) products that gain volume, weight or value from packing; (c) unpredictable demand; (d) a large number of market‐based variations for a single formulation; and (e) situations where economies of scale in packaging and logistics can be optimized. Examples are presented. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

包装设计的销售力

分析了在商品销售竞争加剧的今天,商品包装应该以自身具备的销售能力帮助企业实现销售目的,以及当前包装销售力不能达到预期目标的3种原因,即,过度包装、结构同质化和滥用材料。并在此基础上,提出了以绿色包装设计适应消费者、以务实简约的设计思想引导消费者、以注重消费者体验沟通的设计满足消费者,以此3种设计思想来提升商品包装的销售力。     

基于CRITIC_G1法赋权的包装方案综合评价

目的 运用TOPSIS综合评价方法,优选包装设计方案.方法 建立包装方案综合评价模型,运用CRITIC_G1法为各不同层级的指标进行赋权,以交换机的包装设计方案为例,基于CPS包装理念设计3款运输包装方案,并对其各类包装指标进行标准化处理,使用主客观结合的赋权方法计算各指标权重,用户感受数据运用语义差异量表确定,最后使用TOPSIS法得到3个方案的优劣排序.结果 该包装方案综合评价模型能对不同方案进行有效优选,3个方案所得相对贴进度分别为D1=0.42,D2=0.84,D3=0.52,可知以EPP为缓冲材料的方案为交换机的最优运输包装方案,包装方案优选的过程和结果有较大的可信度和参考价值.结论 运用TOPSIS综合评价方法,可以对包装方案各指标进行量化处理和分析,确定影响方案优劣的主要因素,为相似的方案设计和优选提供参考价值和改进方向.     

包装设计中的人机工程学

利用人机工程学原理,对包装设计在运输、销售、使用方法的人机关系进行了分析,指出了在包装设计中树立人机工程学理念的重要性。     

美军地面装备附属油料包装容器规格分析及启示

目的为优化改进我军目前比较单一的附属油料包装规格现状提供思路和方法。方法运用统计分析方法分析美军于2010年7月针对地面装备制定的《石油,油料及润滑油手册》中附属油料包装规格的分布特点。结果美军附属油料包装规格的特点,包括3个方面:多样化、标准化和系列化。其中系列化程度表现明显,系列规格分布特点与油料的使用范围及装备用油规律息息相关。结论我军地面装备附属油料包装规格改进优化的方向应建立在标准化的基础上,以油料的使用规律为科学依据,制定相应的、合理的系列化包装规格,以适应未来战争对后勤保障的信息化需求。     

面向智能物流环境的运输包装系统研究

目的从智能物流角度探讨运输包装系统的设计实现。方法就运输包装系统的特点、智能物流的含义和特征进行分析界定,阐述物流智能化发展目标要求和现代运输包装系统的功能,探讨它们之间的相互关系与结合点。在此基础上,针对智能包装设计、物流包装设计标准化与集装化、运输包装信息的携带和物流作业过程的自动化操作等方面,提出相应的设计措施,以适应和实现智能物流的发展要求。结论智能物流与运输包装相互依存,作为物流信息载体的运输包装系统是物流智能化的关键要素之一。     

Packaging's Role in Minimizing Food Loss and Waste Across the Supply Chain

This paper presents the results of Australian research that explored the role of packaging in minimizing food waste in the supply chain. The economic, social and environmental costs of food waste have been well documented elsewhere. This research contributes to the debate by identifying opportunities to reduce or recover food loss and waste through improved packaging. In the fresh produce sector, e.g. waste can be reduced through the use of packaging that improves product protection, ventilation and temperature control. Other opportunities include improved design of distribution packaging to reduce damage in transport and handling; design of primary packaging to reduce waste in the home, e.g. through appropriate portion sizes and by reducing confusion over date labels; and the use of retail‐ready packaging that minimizes handling and improves stock rotation in stores. An important conclusion of the study is that packaging can have a significant impact on reducing food waste in the food supply chain; and in some cases, a focus on reducing food waste will require more rather than less packaging. Packaging developers must therefore consider the product and its packaging as a complete system to optimize sustainability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Towards patient‐centered packaging design: An industry perspective on processes,functions, and constraints

Medication packaging is essential to provide patients with guidance and correct use of their medicines for effective treatment. This research aims to increase knowledge about the medication packaging innovation process and its uptake towards patient‐centered packaging design. The study applied a qualitative research approach based on data from 25 in‐depth interviews with stakeholders involved in medication packaging design. The empirical data analysis revealed four themes that can improve and advance user‐centered packaging design: medication packaging innovation process, medication packaging functions and features, medication packaging design constraints, and patient‐centered medication packaging design. The findings suggest that medication packaging design is strongly affected by an emphasis on protective and safety packaging functions rather than on patients' needs. Packaging innovation usually is constrained by rigid incremental development processes, where compliance with regulations, extensive documentation, avoidance of manufacturing complexity, and considerations on cost prevail. These findings are discussed in relation to the three most evident trade‐offs for patient‐centered design: protection versus openability, utility versus cost, and complexity of manufacturability versus complexity of use. This research contributes with valuable input and additional evidence about the necessary shift to a user‐centered approach in a field that has not been design driven. This input complements previous research and provides an opportunity for industry decision makers and policy makers to lead patient‐centered packaging design that can benefit patients and relieve overloaded health care systems.     

Efficient Packaging Design in Logistics

This paper investigates the possibilities of cost reduction in packaging logistics, from primary package, to secondary package to transport module. The paper highlights the fact that packaging optimization based on space utilization and packaging optimization based on the total cost are different. Finally, a Windows^®-based software package COPS is described to assist the packaging designer and logistics manager to develop efficient packaging design in logistics.     

“互联网+”背景下中小型盆栽全纸包装设计

目的针对传统电商中小型盆栽包装存在的问题,提出全纸质包装结构设计方案。方法分析中小型盆栽产品特点,进而提出内、外箱整体嵌套的包装结构,其次进行自由跌落试验,以验证设计方案的保护性能,并针对实验过程中暴露的设计不足提出改进措施。对改进后设计分别进行跌落、振动和抗压试验,全面验证方案的可行性,还对设计方案进行成本核算,以验证其经济性。结果跌落高度为60 cm的自由跌落试验结果表明,角跌落的冲击最为强烈,其峰值加速度接近25g,但远小于盆栽产品脆值范围(90g^120g)。60 min模拟公路运输的随机振动试验证明,包装件具有良好的减振性能。空箱抗压试验表明,包装件的平均最大压溃力为727 N,可满足电商物流环境的堆码要求,而包装件实箱抗压试验的平均最大压溃力为2117 N,约为空箱最大压溃力的3倍。成本核算表明,该设计方案单套成本不高于产品总价值的5%。结论该包装方案符合绿色包装理念,具有良好的缓冲、减振和堆码性能,成本合理。     

以方便为前提的商品包装设计

分析了商品经济的发展及生活方式的改变对现代商品包装设计的影响,提出了"一切以方便为前提"的商品包装设计新观念,并结合日常生活中的各类商品包装,从商品的生产、运输储存、陈列、使用、携带、回收利用等方面进行了论述,进而阐明了"一切以方便为前提"这一全新观念的重要性,它是一切商品包装设计的前提和准则。     

冷链运输包装纸板的研究现状及发展趋势

目的 基于冷链物流需求日趋旺盛,对冷链运输包装纸板的研究现状进行系统分析.方法 分析冷链运输包装纸板国内外研究及应用现状,对冷链运输常用的瓦楞纸板及其结构进行阐述,同时对冷链运输包装纸板防水层和隔热层的加工工艺进行总结.结果 由植物纤维组成的包装纸和纸板,具有可再生、无毒性、成本低等显著优势,但存在使用寿命短、保温性能不佳、使用范围受限等问题亟待解决.结论 通过开发更高强度纸板原纸、赋予纸板特殊理化性能、应用多层结构纸板等方法,预期将成为纸和纸板在冷链包装中的主要发展方向.