Web engineering: an introduction

Within a short period, the Internet and World Wide Web have become ubiquitous, surpassing all other technological developments in our history. They've also grown rapidly in their scope and extent of use, significantly affecting all aspects of our lives. Industries such as manufacturing, travel and hospitality, banking, education, and government are Web-enabled to improve and enhance their operations. E-commerce has expanded quickly, cutting across national boundaries. Even traditional legacy information and database systems have migrated to the Web. Advances in wireless technologies and Web-enabled appliances are triggering a new wave of mobile Web applications. As a result, we increasingly depend on a range of Web applications. Now that many of us rely on Web based systems and applications, they need to be reliable and perform well. To build these systems and applications, Web developers need a sound methodology, a disciplined and repeatable process, better development tools, and a set of good guidelines. The emerging field of Web engineering fulfils these needs. It uses scientific, engineering, and management principles and systematic approaches to successfully develop, deploy, and maintain high-quality Web systems and applications. It aims to bring the current chaos in Web based system development under control, minimize risks, and enhance Web site maintainability and quality     

工程设计中AutoCAD的一些应用技巧

介绍了AutoCAD软件在工程设计中一些值得关注的要点,在AutoCAD的定制和优化、AutoCAD与其他软件进行数据交换、提高AutoCAD在实际运用中的使用效率和扩大应用范围方面作一简要阐述。     

一种基于云计算的语义Web服务组合模型研究

提出一种基于云计算的语义服务组合模型,通过云计算中的云概念,把云中的云滴与Web服务结合起来进行研究,并采用正态云进行刻画,分析出具有正态云特征的Web服务,并进行相关定义与描述;同时,采用正态云发生器算法来实现服务发现、组合,采用一种云计算的语义服务组合的结构进行实验表明,此方法可行.     

Experiences in engineering flexible Web services

The life-cycle of a World Wide Web service includes analysis, design, implementation and maintenance stages. Our experiences in building and maintaining the annual Vienna International Festival's Web site have led us to create engineering tools that cover all these phases     

Web engineering: creating a discipline among disciplines

Web engineering is a discipline among disciplines, cutting across computer science, information systems, and software engineering, as well as benefiting from several non-IT specializations. Intertwining so many disciplines presents a unique problem for organization and development. The authors discuss Web engineering's classification, define its characteristics, and contrast its present issues with previous problems in information technology     

Resource Management Strategies for the Mobile Web

The success of the Mobile Web is driven by the combination of novel Web-based services with the diffusion of advanced mobile devices that require personalization, location-awareness and content adaptation. The evolutionary trend of the Mobile Web workload places unprecedented strains on the server infrastructure of the content provider at the level of computational and storage capacity, to the extent that the technological improvements at the server and client level may be insufficient to face some resource requirements of the future Mobile Web scenario. This paper presents a twofold contribution. We identify some performance bottlenecks that can limit the performance of future Mobile Web, and we propose and evaluate novel resource management strategies. They aim to address computational requirements through a pre-adaptation of the most popular resources even in the presence of irregular access patterns and short resource lifespan that will characterize the future Mobile Web. We investigate a large space of alternative workload scenarios. Our analysis allows to identify when the proposed resource management strategies are able to satisfy the computational requirements of future Mobile Web, and even some conditions where further research is necessary.     

基于细粒度数据语义的Web服务匹配方法研究

基于结构匹配的Web服务发现方法常常由于XML Schema定义的灵活性,使得一些本来语义相近的Web服务由于描述结构的不同而匹配失败,且计算开销较高。为此提出了一种基于细粒度数据语义的SAWSDL服务匹配方法和一个数据语义分解转换算法。将每一个消息级参数转换为多个细粒度的数据参数,使得基于消息级的SAWSDL服务匹配转化为更细粒度的数据语义匹配。实验结果表明该方法能够提高Web服务的效果,且计算开销较低。     

网络问答资源挖掘综述

由大规模问答对组成的问答知识库对于自动问答技术的巨大支持作用是不言而喻的,从互联网获取知识并以问答对的形式加以保存是扩充和完善问答知识库的必要手段。阐述了面向互联网数据源的问答资源挖掘对于问答系统构建和自然语言处理研究的重要意义,概述了网络问答资源挖掘研究的主要任务以及面临的挑战,并通过对当前该领域的研究成果的综述分析了其中的重点研究问题。     

Client and legacy integration in object oriented Web engineering

To be successful, e-commerce and Web information systems depend on systematic analysis and design processes. Even more important, our method is based on standard techniques like UML, XML, and Corba. It also allows for the integration of different kinds of clients from Java over HTML to WAP into a distributed environment. Through the smooth integration of highly heterogeneous legacy software and databases, our object oriented Web design provides techniques to achieve this goal     

Intelligent binding in the engineering of automation systems using ontology and Web services

In an integrated automation system a well-designed data model and computation model are required. For the engineering of such a system one often faces a challenge of finding the suitable computation elements defined in the computation model for the data defined in the data model, especially when the data model and the computation model are complex. In this paper we will use the ontology technology and Web services to address the challenge in an intelligent way. We will present the required ontology model including the formal expression, the binding conditions, the object model, XML representation and the corresponding system architecture for implementation. Evaluation is also given to show the usefulness of the approach.     

基于Web API的固井工程设计系统研究

随着网络技术的更新换代,Web服务器提供了新的网络服务方式:网络应用程序接口(Web API).Web API包含了广泛的功能,该接口实现了存储服务、消息服务、计算服务等功能,这些功能可以进一步开发出强大功能的Web应用.本文主要介绍基于Web API的固井工程设计系统的原理和工作过程,并详细介绍了Web API的概念及工作方式.     

Semantics in visual information retrieval

A compositional approach increases the level of representation that can be automatically extracted and used in a visual information retrieval system. Visual information at the perceptual level is aggregated according to a set of rules. These rules reflect the specific context and transform perceptual words into phrases capturing pictorial content at a higher, and closer to the human, semantic level     

Some Semantics of Repetition: An Experiment in Phonetic Symbolism

In this paper , we report an experiment in phonetic symbolism, the relationship between sound and meaning. The results indicate that repetition is reliably associated with visual representations of homogeneity (as opposed to heterogeneity) and completeness (as opposed to incompleteness). From the investigation it appears that native English speakers do perceive repetition in sounds as being appropriate and meaningful for certain visual representations. The implications of these findings for two theories of phonetic symbolism, phonetic placement and the feedback theory, are discussed. The investigation of other semantic dimensions and phonological factors, in addition to the study of cross-linguistic and cross-dialectal investigations in phonetic symbolism are proposed as fruitful directions for further research.     

Guest Editors' Introduction: The Many Faces of Semantics

The Semantic Web enables programs and agents to automatically understand what data is about, and therefore bridge the so-called semantic gap between the ways in which users request Web resources and the real needs of those users, ultimately improving the quality of Web information retrieval. This issue presents four expanded articles from The First International Workshop on the Many Faces of Multimedia Semantics.     

Broadway: A Compiler for Exploiting the Domain-Specific Semantics of Software Libraries

This paper describes the Broadway compiler and our experiences in using it to support domain-specific compiler optimizations. Our goal is to provide compiler support for a wide range of domains and to do so in the context of existing programming languages. Therefore, we focus on a technique that we call library-level optimization, which recognizes and exploits the domain-specific semantics of software libraries. The key to our system is a separation of concerns: compiler expertise is built into the Broadway compiler machinery, while domain expertise resides in separate annotation files that are provided by domain experts. We describe how this system can optimize parallel linear algebra codes written using the PLAPACK library. We find that our annotations effectively capture PLAPACK expertise at several levels of abstraction and that our compiler can automatically apply this expertise to produce considerable performance improvements. Our approach shows that the abstraction and modularity found in modern software can be as much an asset to the compiler as it is to the programmer.     

The Web within the Web

Only a small percentage of all commercial transactions is done online now, but new technology, in the form of Web services, is changing that.     

化学机械抛光在MEMS中的应用

CMP在MEMS的多晶硅表面的微机械加工过程中起着至关重要的作用。为了更详细的了解CMP在MEMS加工中的应用,从MEMS的发展,工艺流程、CMP在MEMS制造中的不足以及我国CMP在MEMS制造中的发展现状等方面进行了论述。     

Semantics in Image and Video Retrieval Systems

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