高铬锰白口铸伯的软化处理

研究了4种退火工艺对高铬锰白口铸铁组织和硬度的影响规律。结果表明，采用850℃保温4h，随后于720℃保温6h退火工艺，硬度最低为36－38HRC，机加工性能最好。     

含钨钒高铬白口铸铁退火工艺的研究

研究了退火工艺对含钨钒高铬白口铸铁组织和硬度的影响.结果表明,采用1050℃保温4h,随后于720℃保温10h的退火工艺,硬度最低,为36HRC,机加工性能最好.     

热处理对含γ′相抗磨耐热钢组织和硬度的影响

研究了时效和退火处理对添加Al形成Ni3Al（γ′）相的抗磨耐热钢组织和硬度的影响。结果表明,时效处理后,金属间化合物Ni3Al相由颗粒状变为圆球状,800℃保温15h时效后硬度比铸态时提高了22.0%;退火处理后颗粒状Ni3Al相变为圆球状的同时尺寸大幅减小,1200℃保温4h油冷退火后硬度比铸态时提高了35.9%,而保温5h后的组织更为均匀,硬度值稍低于保温4h后的。综合组织和性能的分析,选择最佳的热处理工艺为1200℃保温5h油冷。     

冷锻齿轮用16MnCrS5钢的球化退火工艺

通过研究不同球化退火工艺对冷锻齿轮用16MnCrS5钢力学性能的影响,分析了4种球化退火工艺对16MnCrS5齿轮钢硬度、强度、伸长率的影响。试验结果表明,760 ℃保温4 h,以12 ℃/h的冷却速率冷却至710 ℃保温3 h,再以12 ℃/h的冷却速率冷却至680 ℃保温2 h,炉冷至500 ℃下出炉,在此工艺条件下,材料的硬度最低达到123 HBW,且伸长率达到39%,断面收缩率超过70%,可达到冷锻加工材料高塑性要求,可为16MnCrS5冷锻齿轮钢热处理工艺提供参考。     

热处理对含γ'相抗磨耐热钢组织和硬度的影响

研究了时效和退火处理对添加Al形成Ni3Al(γ')相的抗磨耐热钢组织和硬度的影响.结果表明,时效处理后,金属间化合物Ni3Al相由颗粒状变为圆球状,800%保温15h时效后硬度比铸态时提高了22.0%;退火处理后颗粒状Ni3Al相变为圆球状的同时尺寸大幅减小,1200℃保温4h油冷退火后硬度比铸态时提高了35.9%,而保温5h后的组织更为均匀,硬度值稍低于保温4h后的.综合组织和性能的分析,选择最佳的热处理工艺为1200℃保温5h油冷.     

42CrMoVNb高强度螺栓钢的球化退火

根据热模拟试验测得42CrMoVNb高强度螺栓钢的Ac₁、Ac₃分别为773 ℃、811 ℃,并由此设计试验钢的球化退火工艺,通过改变保温温度、保温时间对其球化退火工艺进行了研究。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、显微维氏硬度以及冷镦试验,对不同球化退火工艺过程中碳化物的球化演变和硬度变化进行了分析。结果表明:试验钢经Ac₁以上780 ℃短暂保温0.5 h,缓冷至710 ℃保温6 h球化退火及Ac₁以下750 ℃保温3 h,缓冷至710 ℃保温6 h球化退火后,均能得到良好的球化组织与较低的硬度,碳化物形态均趋于球状且分布均匀,具有良好的塑性和冷镦性能。Ac₁以下750 ℃球化时,保温时间越长碳化物球化越明显。     

球化退火对GDL-4新型工具钢硬度的影响

研究了球化退火对GDL-4新型工具钢的组织和硬度的影响；利用DIL 402C动静态膨胀仪和软件测定分析该钢的相变点.研究得出:910℃保温90min,快冷到810℃保温8h,以30℃/h冷到600℃后空冷的退火工艺最佳.     

铝对高碳铬钢热处理后的组织和性能的影响

对含4%Al(质量分数)和不含铝的两种高碳铬钢进行了球化退火、淬火和低温回火处理。含铝钢的球化退火工艺为790℃保温1 h,炉冷至720℃保温6 h,炉冷至650℃空冷,继之以820℃油淬、150℃回火;不含铝钢的球化退火工艺为850℃保温2 h,炉冷至700℃保温5 h,炉冷至650℃空冷,继之以920℃油淬、150℃回火。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪检测了钢热处理后的显微组织,并测定了硬度,目的是揭示铝对高碳铬钢的组织和性能的影响。结果表明,与不含铝的高碳铬钢相比,含4%Al的高碳铬钢球化退火态硬度要高60HBW,碳化物数量较少且呈短棒状;淬火、回火后的组织为马氏体,无碳化物,硬度低200HV0.2,残留奥氏体体积分数高5%以上。     

退火工艺对TC4钛合金板材组织和性能的影响

采用不同的退火工艺对热轧后的TC4板材进行热处理,对比分析了退火温度和退火时间对材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,TC4钛合金板材的晶粒等轴化程度提高,抗拉强度和伸长率随温度升高变化不大,但是屈服强度下降明显,同时硬度有较大幅度的提高。温度高于900 ℃后,组织类型由等轴组织向双态组织转变。900 ℃保温4 h,组织中的晶粒迅速长大,延长保温时间可以提升TC4钛合金板材的塑性,对强度影响不大。950 ℃条件下延长保温时间,材料的硬度大幅度提高;低于900 ℃时延长保温时间,材料硬度的提高幅度较小。     

改进型4Cr5Mo2MnV1Si压铸模块钢的球化处理

改进型4Cr5Mo2MnV1Si压铸模块钢采用传统“余热退火+正火+等温球化退火”工艺球化处理后,组织未达到技术要求,对其传统球化处理工艺做了改进,并对改进工艺处理试样的组织、硬度进行检测。结果表明,试验钢余热退火+正火+等温球化退火后,再经1010℃保温0.5 h炉冷至不同温度(820、790和760℃)保温1 h空冷处理后,显微组织均呈板条马氏体形态,基体上均匀弥散分布有碳化物颗粒,但硬度均高于400 HBW,未达到硬度小于240 HBW球化组织的要求。而经1010℃保温0.5 h空冷至室温,再820、790和760℃保温1 h回火空冷处理后,组织均为等轴铁素体上均匀分布着质点状碳化物,硬度分别为321、235和245 HBW,其中790℃回火效果最好,球化组织级别达到GB3,硬度小于240 HBW。因此,采用余热退火+正火+高温回火(790℃)代替余热退火+正火+等温球化退火可实现改进型4Cr5Mo2MnV1Si压铸模块钢的锻后球化处理。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。