Ad Hoc网络DSR路由协议仿真性能分析

移动Ad Hoc网络是随着无线通信技术的快速发展而出现的一种新型网络。目前,它的应用越来越广泛。在介绍移动Ad Hoc网络的相关技术后,对动态源路由协议(DSR)进行了研究,通过计算机仿真,在不同的网络负荷、节点移动性条件下,对移动Ad Hoc网络的性能进行了分析,仿真结果表明DSR路由协议对于移动环境下的动态路由适应性较好。     

浅析Ad Hoc网络的时钟互同步技术及相关算法

本文首先描述了Ad Hoc网络时钟同步的概念,简要分析了Ad Hoc网络的时钟互同步技术及相关算法.最后,重点讨论了Ad Hoc网络的时钟采样-网络互同步技术及相关算法.     

移动Ad Hoc网络的安全体系结构研究

移动Ad Hoc网络是一种特殊的自组织无中心多跳的无线网络，网内节点所具有的移动和分布特性使得安全成为网络设计的重点。本文首先对移动Ad Hoc网络的特点进行了介绍，然后结合移动Ad Hoc网络的特点分析了移动Ad Hoc网络面临的安全威胁，最后从系统体系结构的角度对移动Ad Hoc网络的安全问题进行了详细讨论。     

多跳蜂窝网互连性研究

将Ad Hoc网络与蜂窝网融合首要解决的问题是Ad Hoc如何接入蜂窝网,多数方案使用的是移动IP。提出了一种基于扩展Ad Hoc路由协议的多跳转发网络方案。Ad Hoc多种路由协议中可以实现Ad Hoc网络与蜂窝网互连的只有DSDV,但在移动场景中的低性能限制了它的发展。AODV是Ad Hoc路由协议中最有前途的协议,但它并不支持Ad Hoc节点接入基站的路由搜索。研究对AODV协议进行改进,以使它能支持移动节点到固定基站以及有线网络的寻路。     

移动Ad Hoc网络安全按需路由协议

Ad Hoc网络的安全性问题越来越引起人们的关注,如何确保Ad Hoc网络路由协议的安全成为Ad Hoc研究的一项关键技术。提出一种适用于移动Ad Hoc网络的安全按需源路由协议,利用移动节点之间的会话密钥和基于散列函数的消息鉴别码HMAC一起来验证路由发现和路由应答的有效性。提出的邻居节点维护机制通过把MAC地址和每个节点的ID绑定来防御各种复杂的攻击如虫洞攻击。NS-2仿真表明该协议能有效地探测和阻止针对Ad Hoc网络的大部分攻击。     

移动代理技术在Ad Hoc无线网络中的应用研究

Ad Hoc无线网络是一组具有路由和转发功能的移动节点组成的一个多跳的临时性自治系统,是一种无中心的无线网络。现有的主动路由协议或者按需路由协议都不能很好地满足Ad Hoc网络的需要。介绍了Ad Hoc无线移动网络和移动代理技术。在分析了现有的2种路由协议后,提出了在按需路由协议中加入移动代理技术来增强Ad Hoc无线网络的性能。在这些结果的基础上,提出了移动代理通信协议。     

基于二进前向神经网络的Ad Hoc网络节点识别方法

提出了一种基于二进前向神经网络的无线移动Ad Hoc网络节点识别方法。安全问题是无线移动Ad Hoc网络的一个关键性问题，路由协议的安全尤为重要，本文针对恶意节点的主动攻击提出了一种基于二进前向神经网络的无线移动Ad Hoc网络节点识别方法，该方法可以有效的避免恶意节点接入网络，从而提高了网络路由的安全性。     

一种抵制Ad Hoc泛洪攻击的方法

移动Ad Hoc网络的节点常被安装在无人看护的地方,并且缺乏对物理窃听的防范.因此,移动网络节点容易受到安全威胁.当受到拒绝服务攻击的时候,Ad Hoc网络表现的特别脆弱.在这篇文章中,我们分析了一种新的DoS攻击――Ad Hoc泛洪攻击,在Ad Hoc网络中当使用按需路由的协议时,很容易受到这种泛洪攻击的威胁.它能使整个网络处于一种拒绝服务的状态.入侵者广播大量的路由请求分组,或者发送大量的攻击数据包以耗尽带宽和节点的资源,从而使正常的通信被拒绝.而后提出了泛洪攻击预防方法(Flooding Attack Prevention FAP).这种方法能够有效地防止移动自组织网络中的Ad Hoc泛洪攻击.FAP方法是由邻居抑制和路径切断两个方面组成.当入侵者广播大量的路由请求分组时,它的邻居就会察觉到高频的路由请求,它会根据收到的查询率来降低它和入侵者之间通信的优先级,而且,无服务的低优先级查询最终会被丢弃.当入侵者发送大量的攻击数据包给一个目标节点时,这个节点可能会切断这条路径并且不再和入侵者建立路径.因此,在移动自组织网络中,可以通过FAP来防止Ad Hoc泛洪攻击.     

移动Ad Hoc网络中MAC协议的研究分析

移动Ad Hoc网络是随着无线通信技术的快速发展而出现的一种新型网络。由于Ad Hoc网络自身的特殊性,使得其媒体接入控制协议(MAC)与传统的有线局域网、无线局域网以及蜂窝网络有很大的区别。首先对移动Ad Hoc网络进行了介绍,分析了移动Ad Hoc网络MAC协议设计面临的问题,对当前较常用的Ad Hoc网络MAC协议进行了分析比较,为进一步对MAC协议的研究提出了新的课题。     

Ad Hoc 网络按需路由协议性能分析

无线移动Ad Hoc网络作为可移动分布式多跳无线网络，没有预先确定的网络拓扑或网络基础设施以及集中控制。为了在这样的网络中促进通信，路由协议主要用于在节点之间发现路径。Ad Hoc网络路由协议的主要目的是网络拓扑的动态变化任意两个节点之间建立一个使得通信总费用和带宽消费最少的正确和有效的通信路径。使用OPNET仿真软件对AODV、DSR协议这两种典型无线移动Ad Hoc网络按需路由协议的参数和性能进行了详细比较和分析。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.