基于EMS的智能辅助系统研究及应用

基于EMS系统设计了智能辅助系统,该系统由辅助检查系统、自动化仿真系统、自动化验收系统三个模块组成,各个模块围绕EMS系统进行数据共享。系统首先通过仿真系统实现了对EMS系统的数据进行监听,然后通过验收系统对监听到的数据进行合理性检查而后验收,最后通过辅助检查系统对EMS系统的硬件状态、系统信息、电网模型等方面进行检查和分析,确保用户对EMS系统存在的风险进行及时管控。     

注塑机的结构和功能

注塑机通常由注射系统、合模系统、液压传动系统、电气控制系统、润滑系统、加热及冷却系统、安全监测系统等组成。（1）注射系统注射系统的作用：注射系统是注塑机最主要的组成部分之一,一般有柱塞式、螺杆式、螺杆预塑柱塞注射式3种主要形式。     

锻造操作机液压系统设计与仿真

锻造操作机是核电、火电、轨道交通等重大装备制造的关键设备。针对锻造操作机高速、高精度以及可靠性的要求,对锻造操作机液压系统进行功能分析,在此基础上设计锻造操作机液压系统回路。锻造操作机液压控制系统包括夹持系统、提升俯仰系统、水平移动系统、缓冲系统、大车行走系统和夹钳旋转系统。采用平均流量法对液压泵站进行节能设计。在数学模型的基础上对液压系统的关键控制性能(快速性、准确性、起动性)和可靠性进行仿真分析研究。结果表明,通过对液压系统回路的合理设计,改善了液压系统的控制性能,提高了液压系统的可靠性,可为大流量液压系统的设计提供理论指导,实现锻造操作机的快速、精确、稳定、智能控制。     

模拟仿真器在工业控制中的应用

随着仿真技术的发展,仿真技术应用目的趋于多样化、全面化。最初仿真技术是作为对实际系统进行试验的辅助工具而应用的,而后又用于训练目的,现在仿真系统的应用包括：系统概念研究、系统的可行性研究、系统的分析与设计、系统开发、系统测试与评估、系统操作人员的培训、系统预测、系统的使用与维护等各个方面。     

本特利电涡流传感器的安装及常见故障处理

大型离心式压缩机组稳定运行的保护系统有:润滑油系统、轴瓦温度检测系统、真空冷凝系统、密封汽系统、防喘振系统、轴振检测系统等.该文介绍本特利内华达电涡流传感器在大型机组轴振动、轴位移以及转速检测保护中的应用,着重介绍了传感器的安装及常见故障的处理.     

乘用车发动机舱关键零部件的布置研究

乘用车发动机舱布置了整车的心脏-动力总成,以及进气系统、排气系统、冷却系统、燃油系统、悬置系统、蓄电池、转向系统、制动系统、空调系统以及各系统相关的管路附件等。在前舱有限的空间里不仅要摆放下这些部件,还要考虑到发动机的高温给周围部件所带来的影响,以及运动部件之间可能发生的静态或动态干涉,还要满足相关法律法规的要求,所以各系统部件在前舱中的合理布置就显得尤为重要和关键。主要阐述了动力总成及主要系统在布置中应考虑的因素。     

改善车用涡轮增压发动机转矩特性的措施研究

在分析涡轮增压发动机低速转矩矩不足和瞬态响应特性较差原因的基础上,提出运用小型涡轮技术、双级增压系统、进气旁通增压系统、排气旁通增压系统、可变喷嘴环流通截面涡轮增压系统、节流阀式涡轮增压系统、双蜗壳通道涡轮增压系统、电子辅助涡轮增压(EAT)系统与涡轮、机械双增压(TSI)系统是改善涡轮增压发动机转矩特性的有效措施。     

辽河油田天然气利用工程自动控制系统设计

针对辽河油田天然气利用工程具体情况,提出了天然气管道工程的自动化系统设计方案、系统构成及功能。对SCADA系统、调压橇、火气系统、工业电视监控系统、计量系统、控制阀及执行机构各部分内容进行了详细介绍。     

药用胶塞上辅机和智能中小药配料系统的应用

从大药储存称量投料系统、液体储存称量加料系统、胶料称量投料系统、除尘系统、智能中小药配料系统、计算机控制系统方面详细阐述了对药用胶塞上辅机和智能中小药配料系统的要求,并指出了其特点,符合国家药监局对药包材生产过程控制的要求。     

高速数控机床的结构特点

论述高速数控机床的主轴系统、进给系统、支承部件、冷却润滑系统、数控系统、接口系统和监控系统的结构特点,对认识、研究、设计及改进高速数控机床的结构有所启发和帮助。     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.     

Review on microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens: Methodologies and applications

In recent years, microbial metabolomics, a new field that has attracted wide attention, provides a map of metabolic pathways and clarifies the interaction mechanism between microorganisms and hosts. Many microorganisms are found in the human intestine, oral cavity, vagina, etc. Probiotics could maintain the good health of the host, while pathogens and an imbalance of bacterial flora lead to a series of diseases of the body and mind. Metabolomics is a science for qualitative and quantitative analysis of all metabolites in an organism or biological system, which could provide key information to understand the related metabolic pathways and associated changes. This approach analyzes the final products of cellular regulatory processes, the level of which can be regarded as the ultimate response of the biological system to genetic or environmental changes. Microbial metabolomics has been widely used in different research fields, such as microbial phenotypic classification, mutant screening, metabolic pathways, microbial metabolic engineering, fermentation engineering monitoring and optimization, microbial environmental pollution, and so on. However, there are only a few reviews on microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens. This review summarizes the main methodologies, including sample preparation, identification of metabolites, data processing, and analysis. Recent applications in microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens are also described. This paper first summarized the research progress and application of microbial metabolomics from two aspects: probiotics and pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics and pathogenic bacteria do not exist independently most of the time; hence, these were reviewed in the research field of coexistence of probiotics and pathogenic bacteria, which was subdivided into important microbial research fields closely related to human health, including the human gut, oral cavity, food, and nutrition-related microorganisms. Then, the main problems and trends associated with microbial metabolomics are discussed.     

Localization of sarcoglycan, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin molecules in normal skeletal myofiber: triple immunogold labeling electron microscopy.

In order to investigate the mode of existence of the sarcoglycan complex, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin in the normal skeletal myofiber, we examined the ultrastructural localization and mutual spatial relationship of nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, dystrophin, and the individual components of the sarcoglycan complex by using triple immunogold labeling electron microscopy. Each molecule of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-sarcoglycans is located intracellularly or extracellularly near the muscle plasma membrane mostly in accordance with the sarcoglycan antigenic sites against which the antibodies were generated. The association of different two and/or three sarcoglycan molecules out of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-sarcoglycan molecules was frequently observed. Each molecule of nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin was ultrastructurally noted along the cell surface of normal skeletal myofibers. Moreover, the close relation of a sarcoglycan molecule with beta-dystroglycan and dystrophin, and the association of nNOS with dystrophin were also confirmed ultrastructurally. Thus, this study demonstrated that the constituting molecules of the sarcoglycan complex, nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin existed in the form of a cluster at the normal muscle plasma membrane. The association of nNOS with dystrophin and its associated glycoproteins may form a macromolecular signaling complex at the muscle plasma membrane.     

Immunohistochemical distribution of enkephalin, substance P, and somatostatin in the brainstem of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens

The brainstems of frogs contain many of the neurochemicals that are found in mammals. However, the clustering of nuclei near the ventricles makes it difficult to distinguish individual cell groups. We addressed this problem by combining immunohistochemistry with tract tracing and an analysis of cell morphology to localize neuropeptides within the brainstem of Rana pipiens. We injected a retrograde tracer, Fluoro-Gold, into the spinal cord, and, in the same frog, processed adjacent sections for immunohistochemical location of antibodies to the neuropeptides enkephalin (ENK), substance P (SP), and somatostatin (SOM). SOM+ cells were more widespread than cells containing immunoreactivity (ir) to the other substances. Most reticular nuclei in frog brainstem contained ir to at least one of these chemicals. Cells with SOM ir were found in nucleus (n.) reticularis pontis oralis, n. reticularis magnocellularis, n. reticularis paragigantocellularis, n. reticularis dorsalis, the optic tectum, n. interpeduncularis, and n. solitarius. ENK-containing cell bodies were found in n. reticularis pontis oralis, n. reticularis dorsalis, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the tectum. The midbrain contained most of the SP+ cells. Six nonreticular nuclei (griseum centrale rhombencephali, n. isthmi, n. profundus mesencephali, n. interpeduncularis, torus semicircularis laminaris, and the tectum) contained ir to one or more of the substances but did not project to the spinal cord. The descending tract of V, and the rubrospinal, reticulospinal, and solitary tracts contained all three peptides as did the n. profundus mesencephali, n. isthmi, and specific tectal layers. Because the distribution of neurochemicals within the frog brainstem is similar to that of amniotes, our results emphasize the large amount of conservation of structure, biochemistry, and possibly function that has occurred in the brainstem, and especially in the phylogenetically old reticular formation.     

可展开固体反射面机构设计及运动学分析

针对传统固体反射面机构主反射面型面精度和收拢率较低的问题,设计了一种可展开固体反射面机构。首先,提出4种固体反射面机构可展单元构型并对其机构自由度进行分析,对比分析构型方案优缺点确定构型方案4作为可展单元基础构型,并对其结构和展开原理进行详细设计。通过D-H坐标变换建立该机构可展单元的运动学模型,根据几何约束条件建立机构位置矢量方程,利用向量封闭投影法解出各回转角间的关系,结合MATLAB软件编程对机构的位置、速度和加速度进行分析。应用ADAMS软件建立机构仿真模型,验证了机构运动学分析的正确性。最后根据机构中回转角的限制条件和结构尺寸关系,分析回转角和结构尺寸对可展开固体反射面机构收拢率的影响,确定2.2m可展开固体反射面机构的回转角和旋转角分别为78°和30°,中心圆盘半径、铰支座一孔纵向尺寸、切换连杆横向尺寸、纵向尺寸分别为245,8,40,18mm,收拢率为0.326,从而为可展开固体反射面机构的设计提供参考。     

Effects of polydatin on the proliferation,migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer

To investigate the effects of polydatin on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer, the change of proliferative ability, migration ability, and invasive ability of human ovarian cancer cell OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910 was detected by using polydatin and up-regulating PI3K. The anticancer activity and mechanism of polydatin in ovarian cancer were analyzed. Polydatin could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910, and inhibit the expression of PI3K protein. After the expression level of PI3K protein was up-regulated, the inhibitory effect of polydatin on the proliferative ability, migration ability, and invasive ability of OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910 significantly decreased, suggesting that PI3K was the target of polydatin. Therefore, we concluded that polydatin could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of PI3K protein, which provides an experimental basis for polydatin in the treatment of ovarian cancer.     

不同因素对汽车传动离合器接合过程影响分析

离合器是汽车传动系统的重要组成部分,其接合过程直接影响到车辆起步性能和动力传递,并影响系统各单元的使用寿命。针对离合器接合过程的特点,对滑摩状态和接合状态进行动力学分析,建立系统的动力学模型;从滑摩功和冲击度两个方面对离合器接合过程进行评价,获取影响换挡品质的评价指标因素;根据动力模型和数学模型,基于Simulink建立离合器接合过程的分析模型;研究不同坡度及载重等因素对离合器接合过程中摩擦片的角速度、滑摩功及冲击度的影响,获取各因素的影响规律。结果可知:随着油门开度和油门变化率的逐渐增大,离合器接合角速度和接合时间都有所增大,接合过程产生的滑摩功也不断增多;随着起步坡度、载重的增大,离合器接合角速度逐渐减小,接合时间逐渐增大,接合过程产生的滑摩功也不断增多;分析过程和结果为此类设计提供参考。     

Comparative assessment of force,temperature, and wheel wear in sustainable grinding aerospace alloy using biolubricant

The substitution of biolubricant for mineral cutting fluids in aerospace material grinding is an inevitable development direction, under the requirements of the worldwide carbon emission strategy. However, serious tool wear and workpiece damage in difficult-to-machine material grinding challenges the availability of using biolubricants via minimum quantity lubrication. The primary cause for this condition is the unknown and complex influencing mechanisms of the biolubricant physicochemical properties on grindability. In this review, a comparative assessment of grindability is performed using titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy, and high-strength steel. Firstly, this work considers the physicochemical properties as the main factors, and the antifriction and heat dissipation behaviours of biolubricant in a high temperature and pressure interface are comprehensively analysed. Secondly, the comparative assessment of force, temperature, wheel wear and workpiece surface for titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy, and high-strength steel confirms that biolubricant is a potential replacement of traditional cutting fluids because of its improved lubrication and cooling performance. High-viscosity biolubricant and nano-enhancers with high thermal conductivity are recommended for titanium alloy to solve the burn puzzle of the workpiece. Biolubricant with high viscosity and high fatty acid saturation characteristics should be used to overcome the bottleneck of wheel wear and nickel-based alloy surface burn. The nano-enhancers with high hardness and spherical characteristics are better choices. Furthermore, a different option is available for high-strength steel grinding, which needs low-viscosity biolubricant to address the debris breaking difficulty and wheel clogging. Finally, the current challenges and potential methods are proposed to promote the application of biolubricant.     

生物轻质高强结构及其在吸能结构中的仿生应用

在长期进化过程中，自然界中的多种动物、植物形成了独特的轻质、高强结构，以此来抵抗外界的复杂冲击载荷，保护自身完整，满足生存需要。生物轻质高强结构的优越性，启发了科研和工程人员采用结构仿生学的方法来对管状和板状两大类吸能结构进行设计优化和改进。对竹子、茎秆/树干、羽轴、骨骼四类管状生物结构和甲虫鞘翅、贝壳、柚子皮、龟壳四类板状生物结构进行综述，阐述了分层、多孔、螺旋、中空等多种结构与轻质高强特性之间的关系。在此基础上，对比和分析了相应的结构元素在单胞管、多胞管、嵌套管、波纹管等管状吸能结构和蜂窝夹芯板、复合材料板、混合结构板等板状吸能机构中起到的作用。进一步对当前仿生吸能领域存在的结构复杂、质量大、缺乏普适性的机理和过渡“桥梁”等问题做出了分析；最后对仿生吸能技术的形式简单化、结构轻量化、理论通用化、“形神兼备”化发展趋势做出展望。     

湿式离合器液压缸活塞密封圈改进设计及仿真分析

O形密封圈具有结构紧凑、便于安装等优势,被广泛的应用于湿式离合器。工作过程中,作动部件由静止开始做变速运动,受动静摩擦力共同作用,而关于该过程研究较少。按照国家标准对湿式离合器液压缸活塞密封圈进行设计,通过workbench建立密封圈模型,根据密封圈接触应力及等效应力云图对密封圈、活塞沟槽尺寸及材料硬度进行优化仿真。由仿真分析可知,优化后密封圈及沟槽结构尺寸更加合理,且密封圈材料IRHD硬度应在70~80之间选取。同时获得液压缸运动过程中密封圈动静摩擦力变化曲线,该曲线为湿式离合器响应时间及控制策略研究奠定了基础。