FTIR监测浙江地区空气中C2H2和C2H6及其相关分析

使用多次反射池FTIR系统在2010年12月对浙江地区两种挥发性气体乙炔（C2H2）和乙烷(C2H6）进行了监测,通过对测量气体的吸收光谱进行光谱定量分析,获取了这两种组分的浓度信息,并分析了它们的相关性。研究结果表明,该测量系统能以非接触的方式对空气中多种气体进行在线监测,及时反应测量区域内浓度信息。     

FTIR监测浙江地区空气中C_2H_2和C_2H_6及其相关分析

使用多次反射池FTIR系统在2010年12月对浙江地区两种挥发性气体乙炔（C_2H_2）和乙烷（C_2H_6）进行了监测,通过对测量气体的吸收光谱进行光谱定量分析,获取了这两种组分的浓度信息,并分析了它们的相关性。研究结果表明,该测量系统能以非接触的方式对空气中多种气体进行在线监测,及时反应测量区域内浓度信息。     

国产傅立叶变换红外光谱温室气体在线监测仪及其在大气本底监测中的初步应用

大气温室气体的监测,是掌握温室气体浓度时空变化特征及其影响因素依据。而大气本底监测反映了较大范围内,因人类活动而造成的大气成份长期变化,是温室气体监测的基础数据。大气本底站附近温室气体浓度相对较低,年变化范围小,从而对温室气体连续监测技术精度与稳定性提出了更高的要求。本文基于傅立叶红外技术与WHITE型多次反射池技术方法,研究大气本底温室气体CO2、CH4、N2O超低浓度检测系统。针对CO2、CH4、N2O的分子吸收光谱特征,采用碳化硅作为光源,将测量波段选择在1900-2600区间;采用模拟仿真,模拟不同透过系数和多种气体混合干扰状态下的仪器理论测量精度,根据验证结果,傅里叶红外仪器在CO2、CH4、N2O测量方面表现良好,满足超低浓度温室气体的监测需求。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱技术在多组分烟气在线监测中的应用

烟气排放造成了严重的环境污染,其组分复杂和恶劣的检测环境对在线检测带来极大的困难。介绍了基于傅里叶变换红外光谱技术的烟气多组分在线FTIR监测系统,该系统对烟气气路采用全程180℃伴热方式,并对多次反射池进行高温伴热,解决探测过程中烟气的冷凝和吸附损耗等问题。该系统可用于烟气中二氧化硫、氯化氢、氮氧化物等多种气体浓度的监测。采用该系统与MCS100FT烟气在线检测系统进行实时比对实验,测量结果具有良好一致性。实验表明对抽取烟气进行全程高温伴热方式的FTIR在线监测系统可用于烟气中多种气体浓度的测量。     

基于DOAS技术的SO2浓度分析仪研究

为了实时监测工业烟气中SO2的排放,设计了一种基于差分吸收光谱技术的SO2浓度分析系统。该系统采用差分吸收光谱技术原理,在深入研究差分吸收光谱数据处理方法的基础上,在实验室状态下获取了与仪器分辨率相匹配的SO2标准吸收截面,采用光路反射设计和透紫石英镜片,改进了气体池结构。结果表明,该系统的实时测量浓度值与标准浓度值有较好的一致性,能够满足对SO2气体排放的高精度实时监测要求。     

Δ13CO2值傅里叶变换红外光谱检测标准尺度校准方法

为了提高13CO2值的FTIR检测准确度,保证不同检测系统检测数据之间的兼容性,需要对测量值进行标准气体校准。首先研究了13CO2值的标准气体校准方法,重点研究了浓度直接校准法和13CO2值经验校准法的校准过程,在此基础上对13CO2值的FTIR测量值进行了校准修正。校准修正结果表明:校准后13CO2值的测量准确度有明显提高,浓度直接校准法和13CO2值经验校准法的准确度分别提高5.5和6.4倍。该研究有助于提高FTIR技术的检测准确度和不同系统之间检测值的兼容性。     

基于TDLAS测量的痕量CO常温催化转化研究

CO作为火电、冶金、化工等行业产生的重要中间产物或排放物质,具有易燃、剧毒等特性,对其进行高精度在线检测对提高锅炉燃烧安全及实现碳减排具有重要意义。因此,本文采用可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)和赫里奥特(Herriott)多次反射池实现了浓度为10-6(μL/L)量级的CO高精度在线测量,其检测限可达到035 μL/L。在此基础上,利用该测量系统开展了CO催化转化性能研究实验,探究催化剂含量及CO浓度对催化反应的影响。实验结果揭示了在常温常压、CO浓度为10～80 μL/L下,CO催化转化效率随催化剂含量的变化规律,即催化剂含量越高,CO转化效率越高。实验结果可为采用稀释取样法测量CO浓度时提供去除稀释气中CO的方法,保证痕量CO浓度的准确测量。     

可调谐激光吸收光谱技术监测燃烧中CO检测方法比较

可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术是利用二极管激光器的波长调谐特性,获得被选定的待测气体特征吸收谱线的吸收光谱,从而对待测气体进行定性或定量分析.TDLAS技术与开放式的多次反射池相结合,分别利用二次谐波探测方法和自平衡加波长调制的新型检测方法,测量了酒精喷灯火焰的CO浓度.测量结果表明,自平衡加波长调制的新型检测方法与二次谐波检测方法相比,不仅使检测限提高了16.3倍,还有效地消除了激光器、火焰的光强波动影响,可以应用在燃烧控制及喷焰气体CO浓度测量等多个领域.     

基于OP-FTIR法监测城市交通排放CO、CO2、N2O和CH4气体

介绍了在傅里叶变换红外光谱( FTIR)技术基础上发展起来的一种监测气体的新方法——开放光程傅里叶变换红外光谱( OP-FTIR)法和基于非线性最小二乘法反演气体浓度的算法.利用OP-FTIR系统对广州交通排放CO、CO2、N2O和CH4气体进行了连续监测,并对实验结果进行了分析.实验表明:广州交通排放CO、CO2、N...     

农田开放环境下CO2浓度的激光在线监测

含碳温室气体浓度增加而加剧的温室效应是气候变化的主要原因。在线监测陆地生态系统中的CO2气体浓度并分析CO2通量,对了解局地气候及改善环境意义重大。设计了基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术的开放式CO2气体监测系统,于2010年4月在中国科学院封丘农业生态实验站进行了小麦田间CO2浓度的实时在线监测。连续监测结果表明：主要受植被光合作用的影响,田间CO2浓度具有明显的日变化规律,基本特点是白天浓度降低,夜间浓度升高。系统不需要气体采样、监测范围广、灵敏度高、响应时间快、调校简单,为农田环境的CO2浓度连续监测提供了有效的光学遥测方法。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.