新型洗涤剂助剂——亚胺磺酸盐代磷复配洗衣粉的研究

作为一种洗涤剂助剂,亚胺磺酸盐具有良好的物理化学性质,表面活性及复配性能。试验表明,它的去污力可与三聚磷酸钠相当。通过试验设计和方差分析,筛选出以亚胺磺酸盐取代三聚磷酸钠的优化的复配洗衣粉的配方组成。样品的主要性能(去污力)达到或超过国内市售产品     

新型洗涤剂助剂—亚胺磺酸盐络合能力及其机理的研讨

亚胺磺酸盐是一种优良的螯合剂。试验表明,它与三聚磷酸钠、4A沸石复配有良好的协会效应,但与柠檬酸钠复配则不理想;它与LAS、AES、AEO9、TX-10、Ninol等表面活性剂进行一元或多元复配,不影响其螯合性能。测定了影响螯合效应的有关因素,并探讨了螯合物的结构以及螯合机理。     

含氧漂白复配洗涤剂的研制

运用试验设计法筛选了洗涤剂配方，对比测试了洗衣粉中加入与不加入含氧漂白剂的主要性能——去污力、漂白力和稳定性。在本试验条件下，PC加入量以10％为较好，复配洗衣粉中活性物和三聚磷酸钠量在35.0～43.0％、加入10％PC，其去污力可以达到或超过对比粉；含PC洗衣粉溶液对红茶汁、酱油、蕃茄汁的染布洗涤漂白有效；加PC洗衣粉的贮存似不宜过长，塑料袋密封要好。     

洗涤剂及其主要组分效能与温度之关系的研究

就温度对表面活性剂（LAS、AEO9、皂片）及洗涤剂的表面张力、cmc、润湿力、去污力;对三聚磷酸钠、4A沸石、秀波的螯合力的影响及对酶的去污力影响进行了研究。结果表明,除了表面活性剂的cmc浓度外,温度对表面活性剂、洗涤剂的表面张力、润湿力、尤其是去污力均有明显的影响。不同表面活性剂之间、螯合剂之间的复配及洗涤剂与酶的复配可降低温度对其性能的影响,有效地提高其低温洗涤性能,其中洗涤剂与酶的复配最为有效。     

高分子共聚物——秀波（SP—Ⅱ）在洗衣粉中的应用

通过配方实验，描述了高分子共聚物－秀波（ＳＰ－Ⅱ）的洗衣中的应用，实验结果表明，在洗衣粉配方中加入秀波（ＳＰ－Ⅱ），一次去污力得到提高，通过助剂复配，弥补了三聚磷酸钠分散力不足的缺陷，循环洗涤性能明显改进，为配方研究提供了基础数据。     

工业表面活性剂混合溶液的性质及其复合配方的研究

研究了二、三元工业表面活性剂混合溶液的泡沫、表面张力、去污力等性能，并据此进行了复合配方试验。实验结果，混合溶液较之单一的LAS溶液的泡沫、表面张力要低，而去污力较高；去污力随复配体系统和表面活性剂的配比而异；在复台配方中，皂片是一种较有效的抑泡剂；以LAS为主体复配以非离子表面后性剂，并添加不同助剂（包活少量皂片）可得到去污力较高、泡沫较低的洗涤剂组成。     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐的性质及其在洗衣粉配方中的应用

本文概述了甲醇磺酸盐（MES）的性质及其与其他阴离子表面活性剂复配后的洗涤性能；并介绍作者用计算机对文献数据处理后得到的不同条件下MES/LAS/STPP三元复配体系的去污力等高线图；讨论了MES作为洗衣粉主活性物的较佳配方区域。文中还介绍了洗衣粉配方加入MES后料浆流变性能的初步实验结果。以及作者对MES在洗衣粉配方中应用的看法。     

无机盐对表面活性剂性能的影响

本文从表面活性剂的主要性能指标—泡沫和去污力入手,分别讨论了几种无机盐(氯化钠、三聚磷酸钠、泡化碱、纯碱)、水的硬度对几种单一表面活性剂和复配表面活性剂的泡沫和去污力的影响,同时对影响机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明:无机盐对表面活性剂性能的影响,随活性物的不同有很大的差异,电解质的加入不一定使得离子型表面活性剂的表面活性增大,电解质对于非离子表面活性剂的影响要综合考虑其疏水基和亲水基,影响的情况与电解质的浓度直接相关。     

以AEC和MES为主的复配型超浓缩 洗衣液研究

以脂肪醇醚羧酸钠(AEC)和脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐(MES)为主表面活性剂配制超浓缩洗衣液。通过吊环法研究了AEC与AES复配体系不同比例下静态表面张力和临界胶束浓度,通过单因素和正交试验研究了助溶剂、洗涤助剂、抗再沉积剂的种类及用量对去污力的影响。结果表明,n(AEC)∶n(AES)为8∶2时复配体系cmc最小,助溶剂为乙醇,水溶助长剂为尿素,抗再沉积剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,质量分数分别为10%、1%和0.2%时,超浓缩洗衣液流动性和去污力最好。     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐的制备、性能及应用研究进展

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐是一种生物相容性好、去污力优良和抗硬水能力强的高效、低毒表面活性剂。简要介绍了脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐的制备方法、物理化学性能及其在洗涤剂中的应用。     

Stem Cell Therapy Enhances Motor Activity of Triceps Surae Muscle in Mice with Hereditary Peripheral Neuropathy

Impaired motor and sensory functions are the main features of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) therapy is one of the possible treatments for this disease. It was assumed that MSCs therapy can improve the contractile properties of the triceps surae (TS) muscles in mice with hereditary peripheral neuropathy. Murine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) were obtained for transplantation into TS muscles of FVB-C-Tg(GFPU)5Nagy/J mice. Three months after AD-MSCs transplantation, animals were subjected to electrophysiological investigations. Parameters of TS muscle tension after intermittent high frequency electrical sciatic nerve stimulations were analyzed. It was found that force of TS muscle tension contraction in animals after AD-MSCs treatment was two-time higher than in untreated mice. Normalized values of force muscle contraction in different phases of electrical stimulation were 0.3 ± 0.01 vs. 0.18 ± 0.01 and 0.26 ± 0.03 vs. 0.13 ± 0.03 for treated and untreated animals, respectively. It is assumed that the two-fold increase in TS muscle strength was caused by stem cell therapy. Apparently, AD-MSCs therapy can promote nerve regeneration and partial restoration of muscle function, and thus can be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of peripheral neuropathies.     

A view at the millennium: the efficiency of enzymatic catalysis

Binding TS in preference to S and increasing TDeltaS++by freezing out motions in E X S and E X TS have been accepted as the driving forces in enzymatic catalysis; however, the smaller value of DeltaG++ for a one-substrate enzymatic reaction, as compared to its nonenzymatic counterpart, is generally the result of a smaller value of DeltaH++. Ground-state conformers (E X NACs) are formed in enzymatic reactions that structurally resemble E X TS. E X NACs are in thermal equilibrium with all other E X S conformers and are turnstiles through which substrate molecules must pass to arrive at the lowest-energy TS. TS in E X TS may or may not be bound tighter than NAC in E X NAC.     

双轴压缩下混凝土预制双裂纹扩展与应力应变关系研究

对混凝土预制双裂隙板试件进行了双轴压缩试验,研究了裂隙倾角以及岩桥倾角对双裂隙的扩展演化影响.通过在裂隙尖端贴放应变片,分析了裂隙扩展与应力应变关系,探讨了裂隙尖端应变集中对裂隙扩展演化的作用规律.试验结果表明,裂隙倾角以及岩桥倾角对裂隙的扩展、贯通有较大影响.实验结果共观测到7种裂纹贯通模式(T1和T2;S1和S2;TS1、TS2和TS3)及两种贯通失败模式(剪切失败和拉伸-剪切失败),且随着岩桥角的增加,裂纹贯通模式由剪切裂纹贯通到翼型-剪切复合式贯通,然后再到翼形裂纹贯通逐渐转化.应力应变曲线与裂隙扩展贯通密切相关,拉应变集中是翼形裂纹产生的原因,而压应变集中则是引起剪切裂纹产生的原因.     

Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by a Modified Titanium Silicalite (TS‐1B)

The hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with hydrogen peroxide was investigated using different solvents and a series of catalysts, obtained by modification of titanium silicalite (TS‐1). The best results were obtained after post‐synthesis treatment of TS‐1 with NH₄HF₂ and H₂O₂. The new catalyst (TS‐1B), used in the presence of a particular co‐solvent (sulfolane) is able to protect the produced phenol from over‐oxidation and dramatically enhanced the selectivity of the reaction.     

茶皂素的纯化及抑制酪氨酸酶活性的研究

研究了茶皂素的纯化及纯化产物体外对马铃薯酪氨酸酶催化L-DOPA合成多巴醌的抑制作用及其机理。结果表明质量浓度为100 g/L时,市售茶皂素、经大孔树脂纯化的茶皂素TS及2种层析分离得到的茶皂素TS1和TS2对酪氨酸酶的抑制率分别为51.29%,90.06%,94.13%和82.47%;TS和TS1对酪氨酸酶IC50分别为48和40 g/L,抑制作用表现为可逆竞争性抑制,对酪氨酸酶的抑制常数分别为137和101 g/L。     

不对称转换法制备D(-)-对羟基苯甘氨酸的研究

采用不对称转换法制备D( ) 对羟基苯甘氨酸(D( ) HPG)。DL(±) HPG在醋酸溶剂中,以甲苯磺酸(TS)为拆分剂,在苯甲醛的催化下制得D( ) HPG·TS盐,讨论了催化剂的用量、反应温度及反应时间对收率的影响,确定最佳工艺条件为:DL HPG∶TS∶苯甲醛=1∶1 025∶0 1(mol),反应温度100℃,反应时间6h。然后用氨水调pH至5～6得D( ) HPG。总收率为77 3%,光学纯度为98 9%。     

Extraction of Tanshinone IIA and Cryptotanshinone from the Rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge: Kinetics and Modeling

Tanshinone IIA (TS) and cryptotanshinone (CT) are phenolic compounds which show significant biological potential. This study deals with the optimization and kinetics of TS and CT extraction from the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in a stirred batch extraction. The influence of various extraction parameters on the extraction yield has been studied. The optimum extraction conditions are 85% ethanol, solid to solvent ratio of 1:20, 333.15 K of temperature, agitation speed of 300 rpm, 0.09 to 0.125 mm of powder size and extraction time 30 min. 2.72 mg and 1.78 mg per gram of the rhizome powder of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge for TS and CT are obtained in the optimum extraction conditions, respectively. The extraction kinetics behavior of TS and CT from the rhizome powder of Salvia miltiorrhiz Bunge reveals that the extraction of TS and CT follows the first order kinetics. The kinetic expression developed by Spiro and Siddique is used and the model is in good agreement with the experimental results. The activation energy for the extraction of TS and CT is found to be 16.05 kJ/mol and 18.82 kJ/mol, respectively.     

Characterisation of transition state structures for protein folding using 'high', 'medium' and 'low' {Phi}-values

It has been suggested that Phi-values, which allow structural information about transition states (TSs) for protein folding to be obtained, are most reliably interpreted when divided into three classes (high, medium and low). High Phi-values indicate almost completely folded regions in the TS, intermediate Phi-values regions with a detectable amount of structure and low Phi-values indicate mostly unstructured regions. To explore the extent to which this classification can be used to characterise in detail the structure of TSs for protein folding, we used Phi-values divided into these classes as restraints in molecular dynamics simulations. This type of procedure is related to that used in NMR spectroscopy to define the structure of native proteins from the measurement of inter-proton distances derived from nuclear Overhauser effects. We illustrate this approach by determining the TS ensembles of five proteins and by showing that the results are similar to those obtained by using as restraints the actual numerical Phi-values measured experimentally. Our results indicate that the simultaneous consideration of a set of low-resolution Phi-values can provide sufficient information for characterising the architecture of a TS for folding of a protein.     

Process integration of H2O2 generation and the ammoximation of cyclohexanone

The possibility of the integration of the processes of H₂O₂ generation through isopropanol partial oxidation and ammoximation of cyclohexanone with H₂O₂ and NH₃ TS‐1 catalysed was investigated. The ammoximation of cyclohexanone over TS‐1 with isopropanol as solvent was first studied. The results show that isopropanol can be used as solvent, and the impurities in the H₂O₂ solution obtained through isopropanol oxidation with only acetone needing to be separated have no harmful effects on the ammoximation of cyclohexanone, suggesting that the process of H₂O₂ generation through isopropanol oxidation and the ammoximation of cyclohexanone could be directly integrated. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

石墨烯/镍复合微结构表面的池沸腾传热特性

采用电刷镀和表面改性技术,在紫铜表面制备了纯镍微结构（TS1）、亲水性石墨烯/镍复合微结构（TS2）以及疏水性石墨烯/镍复合微结构（TS3）。采用扫描电镜和接触角测量仪分别对三类微结构的表面形貌和润湿性进行了表征;以去离子水为工质,对三类微结构表面的池沸腾传热特性进行了实验研究,发现含有石墨烯的TS2和TS3较TS1的沸腾传热性能均显著改善,其中,TS3具有最大的传热系数和最高的临界热流密度,与TS1相比,其最大传热系数和临界热流密度分别提高了135%和97%。分析表明,TS3具有复杂三维堆叠微结构,疏水性微结构减小了气泡成核的活化能,增加了核化密度,是传热系数提高的主要因素,同时,三维堆叠微结构增加了受热表面的毛细吸液再润湿能力,是临界热流密度提高的主要机理。