微流控技术在法医DNA快速检验方面的应用

微流控芯片技术因其微型化、自动化、高通量、集成化、快速等优势使得实验室研究产生革命性的变化,并在生物化学、医学等诸多领域得到广泛应用,但目前还没有基于微流控芯片技术的国产全集成自动化DNA分析仪。该文总结微流控技术在DNA提取、PCR扩增、电泳分离等DNA检验流程方面的研究现状与进展,尤其是在法医DNA快速检验方面的研究进展,同时介绍国内外全集成式DNA分析的研究状况。全集成与功能化是目前微流控技术研究的主流方向。未来,以微流控芯片为主导的全自动、便携式、集成化的DNA分析系统,将使得法医DNA检验从实验室走进案件现场甚至日常生活,实现真正的快速即时检验。     

快速凝固法制备（Ge1-ySnyTe）x（AgSbTe2）100-x化合物热电材料的电学性能

利用快速凝固方法制备了（GeTe）x（AgSbTe2）100-x（x=80，85，90）和（Ge1-ySnyTe）85（AgSbTe2）15（y=0.05，0．1，0．2，0．4）系列TAGS热电化合物。所得材料晶体结构属于菱形晶系，晶格常数随X的增加而减小，随Y的增加而增加。（GeTe）85（AgSbTe2）15样品有很好的电学性能，637K时功率因子可达3.40×10^-3W／m．K^2，在中温区（370-670K）功率因子最低值＞2．6×10^-3w／m．K^2。掺杂Sn提高了TAGS-85的电导率，但是Seebeck系数大幅下降导致了样品电功率因子下降。     

快速凝固Al88Ce2Ni10—xFex（X=0,1,3,5）非晶铝合金的形成和热稳定…

液淬Ａｌ８８Ｃｅ２Ｎｉ１０ｘ（ｘ＝０，１，３，５）非晶名合金的形成向和热稳定性随组元Ｆｅ含量的增加，表现出较大的判别：前者趋于降低，后者趋于增大。其中３ｄ过渡金属Ｆｅ与主量元素Ａｌ相异原子之间的强烈相互作用是导致热稳定性提高的主要原因。     

一步碾磨法快速制备红磷嵌入的氮磷共掺杂分级多孔碳复合材料及其储锂性能研究（英文）

红磷因具有高理论储锂容量而成为新一代锂离子电池的重要候选材料,然而其实际应用却受到导电性差以及充放电过程中体积变化大的限制.针对以上问题,本文利用一步碾磨法制备了亚微米/纳米尺度红磷颗粒嵌入的氮、磷原子共掺杂分级多孔碳复合材料(P@NPHPC). NPHPC三维交联的分级多孔结构为红磷负载提供了充足的空间,促进了稳定磷/碳界面的形成,从而有效解决了红磷作为电极材料的不足.基于此, P@NPHPC负极表现出良好的循环稳定性(100 mA g^-1电流密度下, 100次循环后比容量为1120 mA h g^-1)和优越的倍率性能(6400 mA g^-1电流密度下比容量为248 mA h g^-1).本工作对高性能磷/碳复合材料的批量制备及实际应用具有指导意义.     

Synthesis of Vanadium Nitride by a One Step Method

Vanadium nitrides were prepared via one step method of carbothermal reduction and nitridation of vanadium trioxide. Thermalgravimetric analysis （TGA） and X-ray diffraction were used to determine the reaction paths of vanadium carbide, namely the following sequential reaction： V2O3→V8C7 in higher temperature stage, the rule of vanadium nitride synthesized was established, and defined conditions of temperature for the production of the carbides and nitrides were determined. Vanadium oxycarbide may consist in the front process of carbothermal reduction of vanadium trioxide. In one step method for vanadium nitride by carbothermal reduction and nitridation of vanadium trioxide, the nitridation process is simultaneous with the carbothermal reduction. A one-step mechanism of the carbothermal reduction with simultaneous nitridation leaded to a lower terminal temperature in nitridation process for vanadium nitride produced, compared with that of carbothermal reduction process without nitridation. The grain size and shape of vanadium nitride were uniform, and had the shape of a cube. The one step method combined vacuum carborization and nitridation （namely two step method） into one process. It simplified the technological process and decreased the costs.     

反向方法在板料成形工艺设计中的应用研究

利用结合拉延筋计算的反向方法的数值模拟技术,研究了其在板料成形工艺设计中的应用,提出了进行初期工艺设计评估的新方法。同时对后轮毂鼓包内板件毛坯进行工艺设计,与福特公司的MTLFRM软件的对比结果表明设计的工艺是合理的,也表明该方法可以适用于大型覆盖件的工艺设计。     

步距规校准装置

利用坐标测量机和激光干涉仪的信号合成技术,构成步距规校准装置,实现多示值标准器的高精度校准.介绍了仪器的构成、原理、软件框图等,并进行了详细的不确定度分析.     

利用五帧相移算法进行纳米台阶高度的表征

描述了一种用于纳米级台阶高度表征的相移显微干涉测量方法,它被广泛用于高精度的表面测量上。系统采用集成了高分辨力（0．7nm）电容传感器的纳米定位器实现移相、健壮的Hariharan五帧相移算法,利用ISO5436—1：2000国际标准对纳米台阶高度结构进行了评价。结果表明,该方法具有无损、快速和易于在晶片上进行的特点。系统测量的精度在纳米量级,重复性在亚纳米量级。     

英语基本名词短语识别向汉语的快速移植

提出了边界统计与词性串校正相结合的英语基本名词短语识别策略,使英语基本名词短语识别的F测度值达到了96．90％,超过目前报道的最好结果。通过简单的符号替换(修改程序的时间不超过1h),用识别英语基本名词短语的程序实现了对汉语基本名词短语的识别,汉语基本名词短语识别的F测度值达到了95．04％。该技术可推广到对多种短语的快速移植。     

CVD一步法制备纳米碳管的研究

CVD法是制备纳米碳管的重要方法。本文研究了以乙炔为原料气，无需预先还原催化剂，以一定的程序速率从500℃升至750℃一步法生长纳米碳管，直接制备出了管径在8-12nm之间，石墨化程度好的纳米碳管。同时，对升温速率、原料气配比等因素进行了讨论，确定了CVD一步法制备纳米碳管较佳条件范围。     

Rapid tooling route selection and evaluation for sand and investment casting

Today, a number of direct routes using rapid prototyping (RP) processes (fused deposition modelling (FDM), laminated object manufacturing (LOM), stereolithography apparatus (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), etc.), as well as indirect routes (RP coupled with secondary or soft-tooling processes like RTV vacuum casting) are available for rapid fabrication of tooling for sand and investment casting processes. Each route is unique in terms of geometric, material, quality and cost characteristics; no comprehensive database of their capabilities has been reported, especially for metal casting applications. The problem of selecting the optimal rapid tooling (RT) route is a complex multi-criteria decision-making problem. This paper describes a systematic approach for RT route selection and planning. A database of RT process capabilities was generated through benchmarking experiments, covering 20 different widely used RT routes (both direct and indirect: two- and three-step processes) involving an impeller pattern. In this approach, RT process route selection involves translating the tooling requirements specified by the casting engineer into weighted tooling attributes using quality function deployment and analytic network process (QFD-ANP), which along with part specifications is used for RT route selection by calculating the overall process compatibility indices. The routes are ranked as per the value of the overall compatibility index. Once the optimal route is selected, process planning is carried out by retrieving a similar process plan using case-based reasoning (CBR). The methodology has been implemented in a software program using Visual C + + programming language in a Windows environment. The methodology is demonstrated and validated with an industrial example of a separator body casting. It has proved to be a robust evaluation and decision-making tool for selecting appropriate tooling route for a given casting based on customer requirements.     

饲料中粗纤维的快速测定法

饲料样品用适当浓度的酸、碱溶液处理,经水洗,中和及静置沉积后,用简单的倾倒法使粗纤维与沙子等杂质分离,所得粗纤维置130℃中烘干2小时,即可直接定量测定饲料中的粗纤维含量.本方法无需纤维测定仪、真空抽滤装置及高温炉等设备;方法的相对标准偏差为2.7％,双试平行差在0.03％～0.08％之间,极差为0.39％;t检验表明.本法与GB/T6434—94法之间无显著性差异。方法简便、快速、准确,易于推广。     

Amorphous cobalt-iron decorated carbon paper with nanosheet structure for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction

Tremendous attention has been paid on high efficiency, readily available and stability of electrocatalysts. Herein, we ingenious report a one-step reaction strategy synthesis of CoFe/CP grown on three-dimensional (3D) nanoarray carbon paper (CP) containing non-precious metals for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with low-cost and unique hierarchical porous structure. This amorphous CoFe/CP hybrid exhibits commendable electrocatalytic performance in the OER process, requiring only overpotential of 278 mV to achieve 10 mAcm⁻² in 1.0 M KOH solution and a lower Tafel slope of 49.12 mVdec^-1. In addition, this sample shows a long-term durability even at 200 mAcm⁻² without obvious decay, which attributes to peculiar multistage graded nano structure and the change of composition at the interface of CP. Therefore, the remarkable OER activity can provide a new strategy to construct potential candidates, which will replace the state-of-the-art precious metals for OER in the future.