高灵活度仿人臂型七自由度冗余机器人的研究

基于新型ＰＩＴＣＨ－Ｒ０ＬＬ－ＹＡＷ关节，研制出一种高灵活度的新型仿人臂型七自由度冗余机器人系统。文中首先介绍了该机器人的机构与系统构成，然后进一步研究了运动学与工作空间，最后介绍了该机器人的应用前景。     

工业机器人的双透视图示教和碰撞检测

本文提出了用于工业机器人的双透视图示教算法，用于碰撞检测的图视法。这些地都应用于自行开发的机器人图形示教仿真系统中，整个系统使用Ｔｕｒｂｏ－Ｃ２．０语言在３８６ＤＸ微机上运行通过，并能与Ｒｏｂｏｔ－１机器人通讯，完成了离线示教的工作。     

解析式6—SPS并联机器人机构尺度类型综合与特殊位形分析

６－ＳＰＳ并联机器人是当今关于并联机器人研究的热点之一。本文介绍了作者在６－ＳＰＳ并联机构理论研究方面所取得的进展，包括解析式６－ＳＰＳ并联机构的尺度类型综合与新型解析式６－ＳＰＳ并联机构的特殊位形分析。     

RJP—2喷浆机器人的设计与实现

介绍了我国第一台煤矿机器人－ＰＪＲ－２喷浆机器人，它是煤矿井下巷道的混凝土喷射专用设备，具有结构简单，操作方便，可靠性高等优点，经煤矿井下现场试验表明，它射均匀，回弹和粉尘大大减少，完全满足混凝土喷射工艺要求。     

一种用于机器人高层规划的专家系统

介绍了一种新颖的基于知识的机器人高层规划系统－机器人规划专家系统，讨论了该系统的结构和子规划系统，分析了规划性能。规划结果表明，该系统具有较强的规划能力，较快的规划速度，较大的灵活性、适应性和可扩展性。     

6—SPS并联机器人动力学解析模型

本文提出了６－ＳＰＳ并联机器人基于上平台位姿参数的动力学解析模型，定义了矩阵的一种乘法运算，建立了上平台与驱动构件之间的运动关系。     

解析式6－SPS并联机器人机构尺度类型综合与特殊位形分析

６－ＳＰＳ并联机器人是当今关于并联机器人研究的热点之一。本文介绍了作者在６－ＳＰＳ并联（机器人）机构理论研究方面所取得的进展，包括解析式６－ＳＰＳ并联机构的尺度类型综合与新型解析式６－ＳＰＳ并联机构的特殊位形分析。     

“勇士号”遥控移动式作业机器人

介绍了８６３智能机器人型号之一－以核工业为应用背景的“勇士号”遥控移动式机器人的作业内容及其主要功能指标，分析了该型号的总体设计思想，同时概括总结了其操作性能，移动性能及计算机系统等方面的技术特点。     

机器人宏／微操作系统精密配作业的研究

介绍了具有力觉功能的机器人微驱动末端操作器与普通工业机器人ＰＵＭＡ５６２组成的机器人宏／微操作系统。该操作系统不仅具备ＰＵＭＡ机器人运动范围大、速度快的优点，而且更具有微操作器工作精度高、频响快的优势。宏／微操作系统在我们开发的轴－孔装配策略的控制下成功地完成了精密装配作业。     

PJR-2喷浆机器人的设计与实现

介绍了我国第一台煤矿机器人──PJR－2喷浆机器人。它是煤矿井下巷道的混凝土喷射专用设备，具有结构简单、操作方便、可靠性高等优点。经煤矿井下现场试验表明，它喷射均匀，回弹和粉尘大大减少，完全满足混凝土喷射工艺要求。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...