Oberflächenstrukturierung polymerer Fasern durch UV-Laserbestrahlung. 4. Der Einfluß äußerer Spannungsfelder

This paper reports the results of UV-laser-irradiations of elastomer fibres under application of varying external tensions on the fibres and under varying laser conditions. It is known that tension as well as temperature fields can lead to these synergetic effects that are supposed to cause the surface structuring by UV-laser-irradiation. Therefore the purpose of the reported experiments was to evaluate whether tension or temperature as the source of the system instabilities eventually lead to surface structuring.     

Über heteroorganische Verbindungen. IL. Zur Umsetzung von N-Morpholinoschwefelchlorid mit O-Alkyl-äthanthiophosphoniger Säure und O-Äthyl-äthan-dithiophosphonsäure

Heteroorganic Substances. IL. Reactions between N-morpholinosulfenylchloride and Ethane-alcoxy-thiophosphonous Acids and Ethane-ethyl-dithiophosphonic Acid The syntheses of bis-(ethane-alkoxy-thiophosphonyl)-monosulfides 3a – c and bis-ethane-ethoxy-thiophosphonyl)-trisulfide 5 are described. It is established, that the reaction path depends on the acidity of the starting compounds. In the first case (pK ∼ 7 the reactions between ethane-alkoxy-thiophosphonous acids and morpholinosulfenylchloride are three-step reactions, the intermediates being the unknown S-morpholino-ethane-alkoxy-dithiophosphonates 1a – c as well as the sulfenylchlorides of ethane-alkoxy-thiophosphonic acid 2a – c . In the second case (pK ∼ 3) a fourth reaction has to been taken into account. The intermediate sulfenamide derivatives are isolated and characterised. The sulfenylchlorides derivatives could not been isolated; their presence was indirectly demonstrated by chemical reactions.     

Gasdurchlässigeit von mit Hexamethylen-bis-methyloldihydroxyäthylenharnstoff vernetztem Zellglas. I. Synthese von Hexamethylen-bis-methyloldihydroxyäthylenharnstoff und Hexamethylen-bis-methyloldihydroxyäthylenharnstoff

The synthesis of two compounds, believed to be new, is described, which are partculary suitable for crosslinking of cellophane: Hexamethylen-bis-dihydroxyethyleneurea [(CH₂)₆ bis-DHÄH] = 1,6 bis-[4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazolidinone-1-yl]-hexane (I) and hexamethylene-bis-methyloldihydroxyethyleneurea [(CH₂)₆ bis-MDHÄH] = 1,6 bis-[3-methylol-4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazolidinone-1-yl]-hexane (II). (I) was prepared by addition of glyoxal to hexamethylenediurea. since (I) is very soluble in water and not crystallizable the byproducts and remainders had to be removed by a special ion-exchange method and by column chromtography. The same operation was applied to the purification of (II). Compouunds (I) and (II) have been checked by analysis of nitrogen and N-methylol groups, by molecular weight determinations and IR-spectra. The reaction-optimum was found by controlling with thin layer chromatography. Practically a 100% conversion was obtained with the addition of glyoxal (I) and a 95% conversion with the methylolation (11) under these conditions, either related to their initial ureas.     

Cyansäureester. 29. Benzoxazolin-thion-N-imidsäureester und ihre Folgereaktionen

Cyanic Acid Esters. 29. Benzoxazoline-thione-N-imid Esters and Their Consecutive Reactions Oxazoline-thiones-(2) and aryl cyanates react to form the corresponding isoureas 4 . These compounds are remarkably stable against electrophilic reagents. The aminolysis of 4 proceeds two pathways: a transformation of the imid ester residue to the amin and a ring opening reaction by attack of the amin to the CS-bond. The hydrazinolysis causes a ring-transformation of the oxazoline- to the 1,3,4-triazole system.     

Gemische von Polymeren durch Cofäullung. IV. Mitt.: Verträglichkeitsuntersuchungen an binären Polymersystemen

In this work various methods concerning the determination of compatibility of polymers are discussed. The conclusion is, that the earlier proposed “kinetical” method, besides the method of phase separation in common solution, is one of the surest methods of compatibility determination for polymers. However, over the latter, the kinetical method offers the advantage of rapidity and the possibility to predict the thermostability, the interactions of functional groups and the formation of solution in the solide state. While the interaction of functional groups may be established also by IR-spectroscopy, the other methods permit no conclusions of this kind. Generally it is very difficult to make statements on the formation of solution in the solid state on the basis of other methods of compatibility investigation. Quite useless, at least for our polymer mixtures, are the measurements of viscosity in concentrated as well as in dilute polymer solutions.     

Ernährungsphysiologische Wirkung erucasäurearmer Rapsöle auf Schweine 4. Histometrie von Herzmuskel-Veränderungen

Nutritional Effect of Low-Erucic Rapeseed Oils on Pigs: 4. Histometry of Myocardial Changes The objective of this histopathological study - part of a larger collaborative trial - was to investigate the influence of type, level and erucic acid content of dietary fat on the frequency and severity of myocardial changes in growing pigs. Sixty-eight castrated pigs were allotted to ten dietary treatments comprising a low fat diet and regimens supplemented with soybean oil or with three mixtures of rapeseed oils. The mixtures of rapeseed oils contained 7.5, 15 or 22.5% erucic acid, respectively. A tenth group was fed low-erucic rapeseed oil (Lesira). The experiment lasted 17 weeks. The hearts were sampled systematically yielding 28 samples per heart. All sections were screened and those showing areas of muscle cell necrosis were submitted to a detailed histometric investigation. Pigs fed for 17 weeks rapeseed oil mixtures or low-erucic-acid rapeseed oil did not display more or more severe lesions than animals fed either soybean oil or a low fat diet. Neither the level nor the nature of the fat in the diets influenced the number and the severity of the mild cardiac changes observed in growing pigs.     

Licht- und Wetterbeständigkeit von Polyvinylchlorid. II. Teil. Abbauvorgänge an bewitterten PVC-Oberflächen und Strukturveränderungen an schlagzähem PVC (HIPVC) unter dem Einfluß von Wärme und Licht

Rigid PVC and High Impact Resistance PVC (HIPVC) stabilized by Ba/Cd- and Pb-phosphite has been investigated for the effects of natural and artificial wheathering with regard to their application and physico-chemical properties, both for the surface and the interior of moulded parts. Studies using Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM and SEM) explain some of the micromorphological characteristics. The interpretation of these results in conjunction with those of other authors provides essential information on final processing.