共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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针对李堡油区面积小,地面井位较集中、丛式井较多、单井产液量较高,但原油粘度大、凝固点高,原油物性较差、基本不含气的特点,站外集输采用井口电加热器加热、管线中频电缆解堵单管集输工艺;单井计量采用示功图计量技术;集油站内供热采用太阳能辅助电加热计算机控制节能技术。这些新工艺、新技术、新设备和新材料,取代了传统的加热炉、三管流程和计量房,降低了运行成本,减少了能耗和环境污染,实现了油水井实时监测,大大提高了生产管理的自动化程度。 相似文献
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利用燃料型高压加氢裂化尾油生产润滑油基础油工艺探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章从国内外用燃料型加氢裂化尾油生产润滑油基础油的现状出发,分析了其所使用工艺技术的特点和条件,针对惠州炼厂高压加氢裂化尾油综合利用,探讨了使用各种工艺技术路线的可能性,最终确定了生产高档Ⅱ/Ⅲ类加氢基础油的合适工艺技术。 相似文献
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贺晓江 《石油化工腐蚀与防护》2012,29(4):1-4
随劣质原油加工比例的不断增加,以及日益严格的环护要求,原油中镍和钒在加工过程中的危害及脱除技术越来越受到相关部门的重视和关注。本文综述了原油中镍和钒相关研发工作的现状,阐述了原油中镍和钒的存在形态和分布情况,镍和钒主要是以卟啉化合物和非卟啉化合物的形式存在,95%以上的镍和钒是集中在减压渣油;概述了原油中镍和钒在二次加工过程、燃料油燃烧以及环境等方面给炼油厂带来的危害和影响;评述了国内外关于原油中镍和钒的脱除技术的现状和优劣,包括加氢法、化学法、物理法和组合工艺法等脱金属。同时提出在高效、环保的脱金属剂的基础上,联合微波、超声波等其它工艺方法,通过原油电脱盐过程将原油中的镍和钒等金属脱除的工艺路线是今后发展方向。 相似文献
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回顾了国内外加氢裂化技术的发展情况,指出为满足市场对轻质油品,特别是优质中间馏分油需求的增长以及环境保护的要求,作为唯一能在重馏分油轻质化的同时制取低污染清洁中间馏分油的技术,加氢裂化应得到更快的发展。加氢裂化催化剂正朝着多品种和系列化方向发展,其中高性能催化剂的研制和沸石新材料的开发将起十分关键的作用。分析了高压及中压加氢裂化工艺的技术特点,指出具有高转化深度、高产品质量及很大灵活性的高压加氢裂化工艺今后仍将是主体工艺;在劣质催化裂化柴油改质以及VGO部分转化的同时对未转化油改质方面,中压加氢裂化工艺有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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甲缩醛生产技术和应用进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
介绍了甲缩醛的生产技术和甲缩醛的应用。以甲醇和甲醛为原料通过催化反应精馏合成甲缩醛是目前工业生产甲缩醛的主要技术,甲醇一步法生产甲缩醛也显示出较好的发展潜力。甲缩醛作为环保溶剂,化工中间体,尤其是燃油添加剂具有广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
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T. N. Mitusova I. A. Pugach N. P. Averina 《Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils》2001,37(2):78-80
Stiffening of environmental protection requirements and the increase in the exhaustiveness of crude oil refining has led to the development of hydro processes. The resources of atmospheric resid — the basic component of residual fuels — which is replacing heavy and low-quality vacuum resid and the residues of these processes, have decreased as a result. Due to a change in the component composition, the operational and environmental properties of residual fuels are becoming worse, primarily because of their instability. Addition of depressants and dispersants that improve combustion or packages of these additives to residual fuel is one solution to this problem. 相似文献
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宁夏石化酸性水汽提装置工艺特点分析 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
本文结合中国石油宁夏石化公司500×104 t/a炼油装置中酸性水的来源和特点,在原设计的基础上,通过分析酸性水在实际操作过程中进行脱气、脱臭、除油等处理的效果,改进了工艺条件,从而减少了环境污染。在对当前国内普遍应用的单塔加压侧线抽出汽提工艺、双塔加压汽提工艺、单塔低压汽提工艺及注碱除氨工艺进行对比分析后,选择了适用于宁夏石化炼油装置的酸性水注碱单塔低压全吹出汽提工艺,不但回收了酸性水中的NH3和H2S气体,而且将得到的净化水回注至常压、催化裂化装置,节约了大量新鲜水和软化水。 相似文献
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稠油加工工艺探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了几种稠油加工工艺。利用CFB和IGCC技术加工稠油,虽然技术比较成熟,但从氢平衡和综合利用能源的角度看,并不是很合理;利用固定床加氢技术处理稠油会有反应器压力降和催化剂床层金属沉积问题;利用ROP技术处理稠油,可得到轻质组分,但加工工艺比较长,加工费用比较高;沸腾床加氢技术和悬浮床加氢裂化可得到更多的轻质组分,但催化剂和工艺技术还不是很成熟;采用延迟焦化工艺加工稠油,可得到比较多的轻质组分,高硫焦可作为CFB和IGCC原料,注入脱钙剂可缓解钙、铁造成设备结垢和后续工艺催化剂中毒问题,延迟焦化工艺是加工稠油工艺合理、简单、经济的加工工艺。 相似文献
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Ridha Gharbi 《Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering》2005,49(3-4):261
The main challenge of oil displacement by an injected fluid, such as in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes, is to reduce the cost and improve reservoir performance. An optimization methodology, combined with an economic model, is implemented into an expert system to optimize the net present value of full field development with an EOR process. The approach is automated and combines an economic package and existing numerical reservoir simulators to optimize the design of a selected EOR process using sensitivity analysis. The EOR expert system includes three stages of consultations: (1) select an appropriate EOR process on the basis of the reservoir characteristics, (2) prepare appropriate input data sets to design the selected EOR process using existing numerical simulators, and (3) apply the discounted-cash-flow methods to the optimization of the selected EOR process to find out under what conditions at current oil prices this EOR process might be profitable. The project profitability measures were used as the decision-making variables in an iterative approach to optimize the design of the EOR process. The economic analysis is based on the estimated recovery, residual oil in-place, oil price, and operating costs. Two case studies are presented for two reservoirs that have already been produced to their economic limits and are potential candidates for surfactant/polymer flooding, and carbon-dioxide flooding, respectively, or otherwise subject to abandonment. The effect of several design parameters on the project profitability of these EOR processes was investigated. 相似文献
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Ridha B. C. Gharbi 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2001,19(7):797-823
The main challenge of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes at the prevailing low oil prices is to reduce the cost. An optimization methodology, combined with an economic model, is implemented into an expert system for optimizing the net present value of full field development with an EOR process. The approach is automated and combines an economic package and existing numerical reservoir simulators to optimize the design of a selected EOR process using sensitivity analysis. The EOR expert system includes three stages of consultations: (1) select an appropriate EOR process on the basis of the reservoir characteristics, (2) prepare appropriate input data sets to design the selected EOR process using existing numerical simulators, and (3) apply the discounted-cash-flow methods to the optimization of the selected EOR process to find out under what conditions at current oil prices this EOR process might be profitable. The project profitability measures were used as the decision-making variables in an iterative approach to optimize the design of the EOR process. The economic analysis is based on the estimated recovery, residual oil in-place, oil price, and operating costs. Two case studies are presented for two reservoirs that have already been produced to their economic limits and are potential candidates for surfactant/polymer flooding, and carbon-dioxide flooding, respectively, or otherwise subject to abandonment. The effect of several design parameters on the project profitability of these EOR processes was investigated. 相似文献
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无论是油气田的勘探还是开发都离不开对储层的综合评价、建模及预测.碎屑岩储层的研究,又离不开对沉积(微)相的分析,可以说都是在相控基础上的评价、建模及预测.尤其是在油气田的开发中,对老油田的挖潜和提高采收率,均涉及到影响剩余油的分布或(和)注入剂波及系数的储层非均质性.然而,造成所有这一切结果的根本因素是形成沉积砂体的成因机制——即沉积作用(或方式).在前人的基础上,系统分析并总结了形成碎屑岩储层的八大沉积作用:“垂、前、侧、漫、筛、选、填、浊”与其所形成砂体的沉积特征、储层特征、构形及地球物理响应关系,并对各自形成的地质条件进行了探讨,意在全面更好地表征它们的地质、地球物理及储层特征,为理解和研究碎屑岩储层的非均质性及剩余油的分布等提供成因机制分析的依据. 相似文献
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随着环保进程的持续推进,制冷行业使用的冷媒种类发生了重大变化。R717(氨)、R22(一氯二氟甲烷)、R600a(异丁烷)是目前业内使用最为广泛的制冷剂品种。对应于三种制冷剂的冷冻机油,仍然以矿油型产品为主导。现阶段矿油型冷冻机油的技术发展主要针对"优异的化学稳定性"、"优良的抗磨损性能"、"节能"等方面。文章简要介绍了国内外矿油型冷冻机油产品发展及冷冻机油标准体系的制定情况,详细说明了中国石油润滑油公司开发的DRC系列、KRD系列、KHT系列产品特性及使用情况。 相似文献