固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用分析麦芽挥发性风味物质组成

利用固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用分析了酿造大麦Sabastian中的挥发性风味物质组成,共分析鉴定出31种挥发性物质,其中对酿造麦芽风味贡献较大的化合物有:醛类化合物13种占总峰面积的74.65%,醇类化合物7种占总峰面积的4.63%,酮类2种占总峰面积的0.18%,酸类一种占总峰面积的0.62%,其它类化合物8种占总峰面积的11.84%;含量较高的成分为异戊醛、2-甲基丁醛和正己醛,其峰面积相对百分比分别达到26.31%、24.69%和12.87%,搞清了酿造大麦嗅感物质的组成。     

酶法方便米饭香气成分的SPME/GC-MS分析

运用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用法对酶法方便米饭中的主要香气成分进行分析鉴定,并将之与常压蒸煮米饭和高压蒸煮米饭的香气成分进行对比。酶法方便米饭样品中检测出66种挥发性化合物,常压蒸煮米饭中检测出69种挥发性化合物,高压蒸煮米饭中检测出84种挥发性化合物。酶法方便米饭与高压蒸煮米饭共有的香气成分种类达到52种,这表明方便米饭的酶处理、干燥等工艺只引入了少量的香气成分,同时也损失了一些香气成分。     

玫瑰花挥发性化学成分的分析研究

利用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术研究北京种植玫瑰鲜花挥发性成分及其相对含量。结果表明:使用聚二甲基硅氧烷-二乙烯基苯纤维萃取头在25℃下萃取30 min,能有效地吸附玫瑰花中的挥发性成分,分析其主要挥发性成分为香茅醇(40.38%)、香叶醇(13.49%)、苯乙醇(12.29%)、月桂烯(7.12%)和α-蒎烯(5.65%)等醇类、醚类、酯类以及各种烷烃类化合物,醇类和酯类化合物是主要香气成分。采用水蒸汽蒸馏法和超临界CO2萃取法分别提取玫瑰鲜花精油,经气相色谱质谱法鉴定挥发性化学成分。比较分析3种方法的测定结果,发现提取方法影响精油的品质,水蒸气法提取的精油香气成分更接近玫瑰花自然状态下的"香气"状况。     

SPME-GC-MS测定红曲霉发酵半干罗非鱼的挥发性成分

利用红曲霉发酵半干罗非鱼,得到具有典型鱼腊味,香气浓郁的发酵制品。利用聚二甲基硅氧烷/二乙烯基苯型涂层纤维萃取头（PDMS/DVB）,通过固相微萃取和气质联用技术（SPME-GC-MS）测定未发酵与发酵两组的挥发性成分,分别测定出51和75种物质,发酵组中醛类和醇类含量较高,胺类种类增多。其中发酵组中的壬醛、辛醛、辛醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、乙醇等是发酵罗非鱼的主要风味来源。      

Analysis of volatile compounds in traditional smoke-cured bacon(CSCB) with different fiber coatings using SPME

The volatile compounds of Chinese traditional smoke-cured bacon (CSCB) were studied using SPMS-GC/MS. There were 48 volatile compounds identified and quantified, which belonged to several classes of chemical: 1 alkane, 16 aldehydes, 5 ketones, 9 alcohols, 4 thioethers and thiols, 3 furans and 10 phenols compounds. All the volatile compounds except for alkane was responsible for CSCB characteristic flavor. The major volatile compounds of CSCB came from smoking, oxidation and Maillard reaction, etc. Many volatile compounds were not reported in previous paper isolated by steam distillation method or nitrogen purge-and-steam distillation method on CSCB. It should be because of different method of isolating volatile substances from CSCB. Among the fibers tested, CAR/PDMS (carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane) fiber coating showed the highest area counts for most volatile compounds. CAR/PDMS coating extracted better those compounds whose linear retention indices (LRI) was lower than 926 (on average) and DVB/CAR/PDMS (divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane) those with higher LRI.     

顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法分析麒麟菜中的挥发性成分

以麒麟菜为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）技术对其挥发性成分进行了萃取,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）进行了成分鉴定分析。结果显示,麒麟菜挥发性成分中共检出58种物质,其中醛类化合物17种,含量最高为54.10%;烃类化合物27种（其中芳香烃类8种）,含量为23.19%（其中芳香烃类物质含量为10.66%）;酯类化合物4种,占总量的11.68%;酮类化合物5种,占11.03%;醇类2种,含量为0.68%;其他物质共3种,占总量的0.77%。含量较高的单一化合物主要有:壬醛（18.45%）、异佛尔酮（7.75%）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（7.50%）、庚醛（7.13%）、己醛（6.33%）、辛醛（6.31%）、乙酸正丁酯（3.65%）、甲苯（3.29%）、癸醛（2.81%）、十二烷（2.21%）等。总体上,醛类化合物对麒麟菜的风味影响较大,其他如酯类、烃类等化合物对麒麟菜的风味有一定影响。      

SPME/GC/MS法检测蒜薹中的挥发性成分

采用两种萃取头（50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS和100μm PDMS）,利用顶空固相微萃取（SPME）-气质联用（GC/MS）分析四个大蒜主产地蒜薹中的挥发性成分。研究结果表明,100μm PDMS萃取头适合分析蒜薹中的挥发性成分,永年、惠民、商河、广饶四个产地的蒜薹共有的含硫化合物为二烯丙基二硫醚、甲基烯丙基三硫醚、二烯丙基三硫醚、二烯丙基硫醚、3-乙烯基-1,2-二硫杂-4-环己烯、1,3-二硫酸-2-硫酮、3,4-二甲基噻吩、1,3-二噻烷,其中二烯丙基二硫醚的含量最高。进一步分析表明,蒜薹不同部位的含硫化合物含量有一定差异,蒜薹含硫化合物含量:根部>茎中部>茎上部。本研究对于促进蒜薹加工利用,拓宽蒜薹产业链具有重要意义。      

不同部位宁乡花猪肉风干香肠挥发性风味成分的鉴定与分析

为了解宁乡花猪独特肉质特性在其风干香肠制品香气形成中的作用,以取自四个不同部位的宁乡花猪肉制成的风干香肠为研究对象,采用固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用技术（solid-phase micro-extraction/gas chromatographymass spectrometry,SPME/GC-MS）对其挥发性风味成分进行提取、鉴定及分析。共鉴定出35种挥发性风味成分,其中醇类2种、醛类18种、酯类6种、烃类7种及其他类化合物2种。醛类、酯类及烃类在各样品中的种类及含量最丰富,是宁乡花猪肉风干香肠的特征风味成分。分析表明,醛类及酯类对产品的香气贡献最大,且其丰富度与宁乡花猪肉高油酸、亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸的特性密切相关。不过,这种作用在不同部位猪肉制成的风干香肠制品间存在明显的差异。      

不同涂层SPME 与GC-MS 联用比较分析两种猪肉挥发性风味成分

为全面了解定远黑猪肉与瘦肉型猪肉挥发性风味物质的差异,将一定量的这两种新鲜猪肉分别熟制后,采用不用涂层的固相微萃取装置和气质联用法分析、鉴定这两种猪肉挥发性风味成分,并比较其差异。在这两种猪肉挥发性成分中有6种醛、3种醇、4种酮和6种酸差异明显,其中醛、醇和酮在定远黑猪肉风味物质中的含量很高,并且这几种物质的阈值较低,对这两种猪肉风味差异有较大的贡献。6种酸在瘦肉型猪肉风味物质中的质量浓度相对较大,但这些酸类的阈值较高,质量浓度较低,所以对这两种猪肉的风味差异影响不明显。结果表明：醛、醇和酮含量不同是造成这两种猪肉风味差异的重要原因。     

Use of digital aroma technology and SPME GC-MS to compare volatile compounds produced by bacteria isolated from processed poultry

Digital aroma technology, solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatographic mass spectral (GC-MS) analysis of the headspace volatile organic compounds were used to compare bacterial species important for food safety and common to biofilms in the poultry processing environment. The instrument for digital aroma technology, called the electronic nose, measured changes in resistance of polymer sensors caused by volatile gases from the headspace of samples. Graphical output by the Sammon mapping technique produced patterns of differences or similarities among the samples. Artificial neural network software was used to model groups of samples and classify subsequent unknowns. Compounds isolated from the headspace of sealed cultures using polydimethylsiloxane SPME fibres and identified by GC-MS analyses were predominantly alcohols and indole. These qualitative profiles were repetitive for specific organisms in relation to purity and repeatability of the cultures, differed by species and were used as objective standards to compare the graphical outputs of the electronic nose. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry.     

Influence of the type of fiber coating and extraction time on foal dry-cured loin volatile compounds extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME)

Extraction of dry-cured loin volatile compounds by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was optimized. Two different fiber coatings: carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) and divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS), and three extraction times (15, 30 and 45 min) were assayed. Between the fibers tested, CAR/PDMS coated fibers extracted between two and three times more total amount of volatile compounds than the DVD/CAR/PDMS coating (1314 × 10⁶ vs. 526 × 10⁶ area units). Fifty five compounds were extracted by the CAR/PDMS fiber, while only 48 of these were found with the DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber. On the other hand, 6 additional volatile compounds were extracted by the CAR/PDMS coating, all of them being of low molecular weight. Three of the major compounds extracted, hexanoic acid, methyl ester; butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, methyl ester and hexanal, were found in high proportion in both fiber coatings. The effect of exposure time was more marked for the DVD/CAR/PDMS fiber than for the CAR/PDMS coating. Fifteen minutes of extraction provided a volatile compounds profile with lower area counts for most compounds and significantly different to that obtained with 30 and 45 min of extraction. The extraction yields of dry-cured loin volatile compounds varied according to the fiber coating used and the time of exposure. Therefore, extraction conditions should be selected depending on the objective of the study. Finally, it can be concluded that both porous fibers tested, CAR/PDMS and DVB/CAR/PDMS, provide a similar volatile compounds profile for dry-cured foal loin.     

固相微萃取法提取蒸麦芽中风味物质

小麦胚芽具有很高的营养价值,但加工工艺复杂,不同的工艺会产生不同的风味,采用高压蒸汽的方式对小麦胚芽进行处理,通过SPME法萃取蒸麦香的风味物质,经GC-MS与GC-O分析,确定蒸麦芽的挥发性香味成分。SPME-GC-MS共从蒸麦风味物质中鉴定出56种化合物,占总峰面积的97.76%,包括醛类9种（11.79%）、醇类6种（14.87%）、酮类8种（9.7%）、烃类4种（2.8%）、酯类7种（27.91%）、酚类3种（2.19%）、酸类9种（15.58%）、含氮杂环化合物10种（14.16%）;通过GC-O检测共发现31个气味活性区,其中FD=6的化合物为:乙酸乙酯（葡萄酒香）、异戊醛（巧克力香可可香）、2-甲基吡嗪（焙烤香）、糠醛（焦糖香）、2-乙酰基呋喃（烤面包香）、己酸（霉香）、丙位壬内酯（土豆香）、（E）-2-癸烯醛（甘草香）,是蒸麦风味的主要贡献化合物。      

Analysis of volatile compounds of mango wine

The volatile compounds of mango wine were isolated by continuous solvent extraction and analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 102 volatile constituents were identified and quantified. The mango wine accounted for about 9 mg/l of volatile compounds, which included 40 esters, 15 alcohols, 12 terpenes, 8 acids, 6 aldehydes and ketones, 4 lactones, 2 phenols, 2 furans, and 13 miscellaneous compounds. Isopentanol and 2-phenylethanol were the major constituents. A tentative study to estimate the contribution of the identified compounds to the aroma of the wine, on the basis of their odour activity values, indicated that the compounds potentially most important to mango wine included ethyl butanoate and decanal.     

冷藏期间真空包装鲻鱼肉中特征性挥发物研究

为了探讨鲻鱼肉中特征性挥发物,利用顶空固相微萃取-气-质联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）法检测真空包装0℃下贮藏期间鲻鱼肉挥发性风味。实验结果显示,共鉴定出七大类76种化合物,并分析贮藏期间鲻鱼肉中主要的挥发物相对含量变化、气味特征及其来源。研究发现,鲻鱼挥发性风味以烃类、杂环类、醇类和醛类为主,冷藏期间一直能够被检测到的8种主要特征性挥发物分别为:十二烷、十六烷、二十八烷、甲苯、萘、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、二丁基羟基甲苯和亚硫酸。通过主成分分析冷藏期间鲻鱼特征性挥发物变化规律,提炼出4个主成分因子,为进一步研究鲻鱼挥发性风味成分奠定了基础。      

Determination of volatile compounds and quality parameters of traditional Istrian dry-cured ham

The aim of this work was to determine the characteristics of Istrian dry-cured ham by instrumental methods and sensory analysis. The aroma-active compounds of Istrian dry-cured ham from 2010 and 2012 were investigated by using headspace-solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Samples of biceps femoris were also evaluated by measuring physical and chemical characteristics. 92 volatile aroma compounds of Istrian dry-cured ham were found. Volatile compounds belonged to several chemical groups: aldehydes (51.4; 51.3%), terpenes (16.5; 16.4%), alcohols (15.5; 13.2%), ketones (8.6; 7.4%), alkanes (3.8; 5.7%), esters (1.3; 1.6%), aromatic hydrocarbons (0.8; 3.9%) and acids (0.6; 0.9%). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that fat content, tenderness and melting texture were positively correlated. Terpenes were strongly correlated with flavour of added spices. Sweet taste and the presence of esters were positively correlated as well as negative odour, raw meat flavour and water content.     

SPME和SDE结合GC-MS分析荷叶中挥发性成分

分别采用同时蒸馏萃取（SDE）法和固相微萃取（SPME）法并结合气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术分析荷叶的挥发性风味成分。SPME法选用3种萃取头（CAR/PDMS、DVB/CAR/PDMS、PDMS/DVB）与SDE法对定性结果进行比较分析。结果表明,SDE法所鉴定出的挥发性成分有97种,相对含量为94.86%,且以烃类物质为主;SPME（CAR/PDMS）法所鉴定出的挥发性成分有29种,相对含量为89.26%,以醇类为主;SPME（DVB/CAR/PDMS）法所鉴定出的挥发性成分有62种,相对含量为85.97%,以醛类为主;SPME（PDMS/DVB）法所鉴定出的挥发性成分有59种,相对含量为86.96%,以醛类为主。由此可见,在荷叶挥发性成分分析中,四种方法萃取到的挥发性成份种类数从多到少依次是,SDE、SPME（DVB/CAR/PDMS）、SPME（PDMS/DVB）、SPME（CAR/PDMS）。      

臭鳜鱼的风味物质及风味活性物质分析

通过优化固相微萃取条件,结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分离鉴定徽州臭鳜鱼挥发性风味物质,并进一步鉴定其风味活性物质。结合谱库以及保留指数比对,在臭鳜鱼中共鉴定出45种风味物质。根据其结构性质分为9类,其中醇类含量最高,约占总风味成分的62.60%,酸类、芳香类、含氮、含硫化合物等次之。通过计算气味活度值(OAV)并进一步用标准品进行分析,共鉴定出13种风味活性物质,其中丁酸、三甲胺、芳樟醇OAV值较大,对整体风味品质具有重要贡献。     

不同品种梨酒挥发性成分的SPME-GC-MS结果比较

以河北省大面积栽培的品种雪梨、鸭梨、黄冠梨、五九香梨、圆黄梨、黄金梨、香水梨和安梨为原料酿制梨酒,通过固相微萃取技术（Solid Phase Micro-extraction,SPME）,结合GC-MS分析,比较了不同品种梨酒的挥发性成分。结果表明在8种梨酒中共鉴定出22种挥发性成分,其中3-甲基1-丁醇、己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯在8种梨酒中均有检出。以1μg/m L为界定值,确定了8个品种梨酒的主要挥发性成分。3-甲基-1-丁醇、辛酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯是除圆黄梨酒和黄金梨酒外其它6个品种梨酒的全部或部分主要挥发性成分,并且3-甲基-1-丁醇是除圆黄梨酒外的其它7个品种梨酒中含量最高的挥发性成分。除了主要挥发性成分外,梨酒中还含有微量的其他挥发性成分,如乙酸异戊酯、苯乙醇、琥珀酸二乙酯、正己醇、辛酸等。梨酒和葡萄酒的挥发性成分有相似之处,具有开发前景。      

SDE/SPME-GC-MS分析苦荞的挥发性香气成分

为了分析不同方法萃取苦荞样品中挥发性物质的差异,采用同时蒸馏萃取法（SDE）和固相微萃取法（SPME）提取苦荞样品中的挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术定性鉴定,并用总离子流色谱峰的峰面积进行归一化定量分析。同时蒸馏萃取-气谱-质谱法（SDE-GC-MS）分析出23种挥发性成分,固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法（SPME-GC-MS）分析出35种挥发性成分,2种方法均提取出酯类、烃类、酮类、醛类和醇类,其中酯类和醛类的含量较多,说明酯类和醛类对苦荞的风味贡献较大。同时蒸馏萃取法适合对高沸点、低挥发性物质进行分离,固相微萃取法具有快速简便、不使用溶剂和样品检测非破坏性等优点,适合易挥发性化合物的检测。将两种提取方法相结合对苦荞挥发性物质提取能得到比较全面的结果。     

不同品种荔枝香气成分的SPME/GC-MS分析

以五个荔枝品种为试材,采用SPME/GC-MS方法对其香气成分进行了分析鉴定。结果表明,不同品种荔枝在香气组成和含量上差异显著,妃子笑、黑叶、白蜡、荔枝王、玉荷包中分别含有58、57、47、28、39种香气成分;五种荔枝共有的主要香气成分有1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、乙偶姻、3-甲基-2-庚醇、1-庚烯-3-醇、芳樟醇、2-乙基-2-丁烯醛、β-蒎烯、柠檬烯、巴伦西亚桔烯等,但其相对含量差异很大;此外,各品种也具有自己独特的香气成分。