IEEE 802.16系统中流模型和带宽分配机制研究

分别给出了IEEE 802.16系统中四类服务的流模型,推导出阻塞概率和带宽的关系.基于分析结果,提出了802.16 WMAN的一种带宽分配的机制,并通过仿真将这种阻塞概率上限算法和只能应用于语音流的Erlang B公式作了比较.结果证明,阻塞概率上限算法可以用来近似计算大型网络中的阻塞概率,且在数值计算上比Erlang B公式更具高效性.     

基于代价的带宽分配算法的改进

比较了在ＷＦ＾２Ｑ调机制下平均分配和基于代价的带宽分配算法,根据流体流模型对后提出了一种改进算法,模拟结果表明提高资源利用率,降低阻塞概率。     

WiMAX网络PMP模式带宽分配过程研究

对IEEE 802.16网络点对多点模式的带宽分配过程进行分析,讨论在不同可用带宽情况下WiMAX网络中各种数据流通过用户站向基站请求带宽资源的过程以及基站和用户站对网络中的不同数据流的带宽请求进行处理的情况.在此基础上,提出一种分析WiMAX网络按用户站集中分配带宽资源的马尔可夫模型.该模型使用多重队列的方式分析了基站和用户站的运行情况,提供了在不同网络配置情况下或者使用不同带宽分配算法时网络中各种数据流的阻塞概率,为分析WiMAX网络带宽资源分配过程和优化网络参数设置提供帮助.     

大型M/P/C/C排队系统仿真研究

理论上推测Erlang B 公式对服务时问为任意分布的M/G/C/C系统的呼叫损失概率是有效的但缺乏严格证明.据此,对服务时间呈 Pareto 分布的M/P/C/C排队系统的仿真问题进行了研究,特别是对排队系统中服务装置数目很大的情况进行了研究.采用一种名为红黑树的数据结构较好地解决了超长序列、超大C值所造成的计算时间问题,并采用基于事件驱动的时间调度法进行排队仿真,结果与 Erlang-B 公式相符.表明Erlang B公式对M/P/C/C系统的呼叫损失概率是有效的.为采用仿真方法对自相似流下的网络性能进行深入研究打下了基础.     

面向SDN数据中心网络最大概率路径流量调度算法

随着数据中心网络规模的迅速增长,网络带宽利用率低下导致的网络拥塞问题日益突出,通过负载均衡提高数据中心网络链路带宽利用率和吞吐量成为了研究热点.如何结合流量特征、链路状态和应用需求进行流量的合理调度,是实现网络链路负载均衡的关键.针对数据中心突发性强、带宽占用率高的大象流调度问题,提出一种面向SDN数据中心网络最大概率路径流量调度算法,算法首先计算出满足待调度流带宽需求所有路径,然后计算流带宽与路径最小链路带宽之间的带宽比,结合所有路径的带宽比为每一条路径计算路径概率,最后利用概率机制选择路径.算法不仅考虑了流带宽需求和链路带宽使用情况,而且全局地考虑了流调度和链路带宽碎片问题.实验结果表明,最大概率路径调度算法能够有效地缓解网络拥塞,提高带宽利用率和吞吐量,减少网络延迟,从而提高数据中心的整体网络性能和服务质量.     

一个提高WiMax服务质量的带宽分配调度算法研究

随着接入网络作为连接用户终端与核心网络的纽带的倍受关注,用户越来越关注数据传输的QoS(服务质量)问题。在IEEE802.16协议的MAC层定义了比较完善的QoS机制。但QoS机制中的核心问题,带宽调度算法,协议没有作出明确的阐述和定义。该文在已有典型算法基础上,吸收、采纳了已有算法中适合于IEEE802.16协议的带宽调度的方法,并结合IEEE802.16协议关于QoS的定义,提出了一个针对IEEE802.16协议的PMP(点对多点)模式下集中式的带宽分配调度算法。并在NS2模拟环境下对算法进行了测试。     

基于IEEE 802.16e的VoIP公平调度算法

针对IEEE802.16e未规定具体的服务质量调度算法的问题,提出一种适用于IP电话（VoIP）业务的算法,该算法包括额外带宽再分配策略和补偿机制,根据业务流的优先级分配额外带宽,滞后的流根据它所丢失的服务被补偿。仿真结果表明,经过一段时间,业务流实际接收的服务与它在理想无差错系统中所得到的服务的差近似为0。     

基于Erlang的多核并行计算N-皇后问题

为了充分利用多核CPU的资源,利用并行计算来处理问题已逐渐成为主流。利用Erlang中的并行机制计算N-皇后问题,设计并实现了并行计算N-皇后问题的算法。实验结果表明,该算法有效地提升了多核计算机资源的利用率,提高了求解问题的效率。此外,由于Erlang本身具有数据处理上限只受硬件处理能力限制的特性,算法可扩展性也比较强。     

一种改进的OPBM快速算法

在对大规模通信网络中的最优带宽分配算法(OPBM)的实现及其性能的研究过程中发现影响呼叫阻塞概率(CBP)的因素包括两部分预留带宽的影响和非预留带宽的影响,而预留带宽对CBP的影响要大过非预留带宽的影响。基于此发现,该文在OPBM方法的基础上,提出了一种改进式的OPBM算法,与原算法进行了对比,改进OPBM算法的误差很小并且运算速度加快。     

基于纯方位估计器精度的潜艇隐蔽攻击能力分析

潜艇隐蔽攻击是一个非常复杂的动态系统。它是海战态势、武器系统和估计器性能交叉作用的结果,由于系统的非线性和随机性本质,使得潜艇隐蔽攻击成为一个复杂的概率事件。在以往对纯方位定位算法精度研究的基础上,试图为装备论证的决策者或潜艇艇长提供一个可以衡量潜艇隐蔽攻击能力的上限标准,这正是该文所要研究的内容,称之为潜艇隐蔽攻击能力上限。该文在某一海战态势、武器系统和理想估计器条件下,提出了隐蔽攻击能力的上限;并给出求解在精度意义下隐蔽攻击能力的上限的解析算法公式系,以及统计模拟算法公式系;对应用理想估计器和实际估计器在隐蔽攻击中的能力进行了对比分析,并初步得到一些分析结论。     

Above packet level admission control and bandwidth allocation for IEEE 802.16 wireless MAN

IEEE 802.16 wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is expected to revolutionize the broadband wireless access technology. Efficient resource management is essential in providing scalability in such large IEEE 802.16-based wireless network and Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia applications (VoIP, MPEG, FTP, WWW) is usually achieved by appropriate classification of scheduling services and grant/request mechanism. In this paper, we firstly discuss the QoS issue in IEEE 802.16 wireless MANs and propose a dynamic admission control scheme for scheduling services defined in the 802.16 specification. The proposed scheme provides the highest priority for Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) connections and maximizes the bandwidth utilization by employing bandwidth borrowing and degradation. We develop an approximate analytical model to evaluate the system performance by assuming that the traffic processes of all scheduling services are Poisson processes. In fact, the self-similarity of non-voice traffic makes its traffic process far from Poisson process and should be modeled by Poisson Pareto Burst Process (PPBP). Therefore, in the later part of the paper, we analyze upper bound blocking probabilities of all scheduling services above the packet level using PPBP model for fractal traffic and Gaussian model for aggregated traffic in large wireless network as well as using the Chernoff bound method. Based on the analytical results, we give another admission control and bandwidth allocation mechanism above the packet level so as to minimize the blocking probability of each type of service in IEEE 802.16 wireless MAN. Analytical and simulation results are obtained and compared to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed schemes and validate our analytical models.     

IEEE802.16中基于自适应信道预留的呼叫接入策略

呼叫接入控制（CAC）在宽带无线接入（BWA）服务质量（QoS）中起着非常重要的作用。对无线城域网中IEEE802.16复杂的QoS定义,该文提出了一种在IEEE802.16中基于自适应资源预留的呼叫接入控制策略（AR-CAC）。该策略根据UGS负载和信道利用率为其自适应预留信道,同时考虑了IEEE802.16业务的带宽特性。仿真结果表明,该策略在硬切换呼叫切换失败概率不变的情况下降低了高优先级服务的呼叫阻塞率,同时增大了系统的吞吐量。     

光纤Mesh网络动态组播业务疏导算法

针对当前低速组播业务请求与光网络高速波长传输容量的问题,基于光网络组播业务疏导模型,提出动态组播业务疏导算法,将新的组播业务请求疏导到已建立的光组播树上,达到提高网络资源的利用率、降低组播业务连接阻塞概率的目的。仿真结果表明,该算法可有效地改善网络性能。     

Uplink Scheduling for Supporting Real Time Voice Traffic in IEEE 802.16 Backhaul Networks

In this paper we propose simple enhancements to the bandwidth （BW） request messages in IEEE 802.16 for supporting real-time packet voice traffic. Three different BW request formats are proposed, each requiring a different amount of latency information about the buffered packets at the SS. On this basis, packet scheduling schemes are proposed for the BS to make resource allocations for real-time traffic. Our results show that the proposed BW request and scheduling schemes achieve significantly lower packet loss probability than the standard IEEE 802.16 BW request with round robin scheduling. The results further show that there is an optimum point about how much delay information the SS should report to the BS in order to best utilize the uplink resources while the SS provides satisfactory real-time performance for the voice traffic.     

Analysis of bandwidth allocation on end-to-end QoS networks under budget control

This paper considers the problem of bandwidth allocation on communication networks with multiple classes of traffic, where bandwidth is determined under the budget constraint. Due to the limited budget, there is a risk that the network service providers can not assert a 100% guaranteed availability for the stochastic traffic demand at all times. We derive the blocking probabilities of connections as a function of bandwidth, traffic demand and the available number of virtual paths based on the Erlang loss formula for all service classes. A revenue/profit function is studied through the monotonicity and convexity of the blocking probability and expected path occupancy. We present the optimality conditions and develop a solution algorithm for optimal bandwidth of revenue management schemes. The sensitivity analysis and three economic elasticity notions are also proposed to investigate the marginal revenue for a given traffic class by changing bandwidth, traffic demand and the number of virtual paths, respectively. By analysis of those monotone and convex properties, it significantly facilitates the operational process in the efficient design and provision of a core network under the budget constraint.     

Impact of bandwidth request schemes for Best-Effort traffic in IEEE 802.16 networks

In IEEE 802.16 networks, bandwidth request–grant schemes are employed for reducing data collision and supporting various QoS requirements. In this paper, we investigate the impact of such schemes on Best-Effort (BE) traffic. We examine three candidate schemes. In the first scheme, each Subscribe Station (SS) attempts to request bandwidth in every frame to reduce delay. In the second scheme, the number of bandwidth request is limited to avoid collisions in bandwidth request. In the third scheme, a base station allocates bandwidth to each SS based on the measured sending rate without explicit bandwidth request. We quantitatively analyze the performance of these schemes in terms of the collision rate and buffer length. We also present a simulation study to validate our analysis and to observe the impact of these schemes on BE traffic. This paper shows that IEEE 802.16 networks can be effectively managed through appropriate bandwidth request schemes. It is also shown that bandwidth allocation without request can be an alternative for increasing utilization.     

无线多媒体网络中一种基于测量网络状态的动态呼叫接纳控制算法

提出了一种无线多媒体网络中基于测量网络状态的动态呼叫接纳控制算法.它区分了实时和非实时业务,在网络带宽资源不足时可通过降低非实时业务带宽确保实时业务呼叫连接的可靠性;还可根据当前网络状况调整预留带宽大小,使小区实时业务切换呼叫掉线率低于设定的门限值.大量仿真结果显示该算法具有低实时业务切换呼叫掉线率和与固定预留方案相当的带宽利用率,而只以略高的新呼叫阻塞率为代价,适合各种不同概率发生时实际应用的情况.     

Optimization for adaptive bandwidth reservation in wireless multimedia networks

In future wireless multimedia networks, user mobility management for seamless connection regarding realtime multimedia applications is one of the most important problems. In this paper we propose an opportunity-cost concept-based approach for adaptive bandwidth reservation with admission control for handover calls utilizing network traffic information. Excessive reservation guarantees low blocking probability of handover calls at the cost of high blocking probability of new calls. According to our survey, however, it may degrade bandwidth utilization while no prioritization for handover admissions degrades quality of service (QoS) for ongoing calls. We consider both QoS assurance and bandwidth utilization in order to optimize the amount of bandwidth to reserve for handover admissions. We believe that our scheme could be utilized as a guideline for cost-effective radio resource allocation in mobile multimedia networks.     

Service Adaptability in Multimedia Wireless Networks

Next-generation wireless communication systems aim at supporting wireless multimedia services with different quality-of-service (QoS) and bandwidth requirements. Therefore, effective management of the limited radio resources is important to enhance the network performance. In this paper, we propose a QoS adaptive multimedia service framework for controlling the traffic in multimedia wireless networks (MWN) that enhances the current methods used in cellular environments. The proposed framework is designed to take advantage of the adaptive bandwidth allocation (ABA) algorithm with new calls in order to enhance the system utilization and blocking probability of new calls. The performance of our framework is compared to existing framework in the literature. Simulation results show that our QoS adaptive multimedia service framework outperforms the existing framework in terms of new call blocking probability, handoff call dropping probability, and bandwidth utilization.      

Application of support vector machines to bandwidth reservation in sectored cellular communications

Many mechanisms based on bandwidth reservation have been proposed in the literature to decrease connection dropping probability for handoffs in cellular communications. The handoff events occur at a much higher rate in sectored cellular networks than in traditional cellular systems. An efficient bandwidth reservation mechanism for the neighboring cells is therefore critical in the process of handoff during the connection of multimedia calls to avoid the unwillingly forced termination and waste of limited bandwidth in the sectored cellular communications, particularly when the handoff traffic is heavy. In this paper, a self-adaptive bandwidth reservation scheme, which adopts support vector machines technique, is proposed to reduce the forced termination probability. Meanwhile, a channel-borrowing technique is used to decrease the new call-blocking probability of real-time traffic. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve superior performance than the representative bandwidth-reserving schemes in sectored cellular networks in the literature when performance metrics are measured in terms of the forced termination probability and the new call- blocking probability.