基于MEMS三维磁阻传感器的电子指南针的研究

介绍了一种基于MEMS的三维磁阻传感器和加速度传感器的电子指南针系统.相对于由两轴磁阻传感器制造的电子指南针,该系统能够有效补偿倾斜角产生的误差.重点介绍了该系统的测量原理、硬件设计、软件流程.通过中位置均值滤波、限幅滤波、一阶滞后滤波,最大误差控制在1°以内.实验结果表明:本系统可以满足于一般导航领域的要求.     

指南针传感器及其在机器人中的应用

指南针传感器是一种对位置敏感的电子指南针和外部处理电路组成的部件.利用简单的跳接线可以选择多种需要的工作方式,在机器人足球比赛中常用来在进攻机器人中确定球门的方向.本文探讨的RoboBall指南针传感器能具体判断8个方向,结合不同的处理器及软件还可以细分为32个方向.使用该传感器和LEGO机器人配合实现机器人足球比赛中球门的探测.     

无磁转台的电子罗盘误差分离标定方法

采用3个分立的磁感式磁传感器和三轴加速度传感器制作了全数字输出电子罗盘;基于自制三轴旋转无磁转台提出了一种电子罗盘标误差分离标定方法.通过无磁转台获取磁传感器敏感轴非正交或未对准的参数和磁传感器输出特性曲线,磁传感器的灵敏度系数因子和偏置量.分别评价偏置、灵敏度系数不一致以及非正交或未对准对电子罗盘方位角精度的影响.实验结果表明:经过校准后,电子罗盘水平面内误差不超过0.22°,而俯仰角和翻滚角在60°内时,方位角最大误差约为0.4°,说明了标定方法的有效性.     

面向目标跟踪的基于Rényi信息增量多的传感器管理

针对地面防空武器系统传感器的管理问题,面向机动目标跟踪,提出了一种基于Rényi信息增量的多传感器管理方案.首先利用交互式多模型容积卡尔曼滤波解决高斯非线性环境下系统状态估计问题,计算各目标和各传感器配对时的Rényi信息增量;然后建立了基于Rényi信息增量的多传感器管理模型,以系统总效能最大为原则选择传感器进行目标跟踪.关联仿真结果表明,该方法与基于Shannon信息增量的多传感器管理方法相比能够提高跟踪精度,实现传感器资源的有效利用.     

基于单片机的电子指南针设计

随着科技的进步与发展,尤其是电子技术的推动下社会逐渐向智能化、信息化和人工智能等方面发展。与此同时市场更加需要掌握精确的方位角度信息,服务到生活、产业、出行、航行等各方各面。传统的指南针由于本身的物理特性,抗干扰能力不强,指向灵敏度不足,精度不高等缺点逐渐被市场淘汰。本论文根据指南针的基本原理特征,设计了一套基于单片机的电子指南针。系统选用STC89C52单片机作为主控芯片,来进行数据处理和程序运,采用HMC5883L磁场传感器来采集当前地磁场的信息,再将采集到的磁场信息转换为电信号传送给单片机。单片机进行数据处理输出到液晶显示屏上显示方位信息,同时设有时钟芯片方便实时显示时间,设有按键模块,可以设定时间和范围角度。还设有报警模块,可进行超出范围角报警的功能。经测试本系统的指向精度可达1°,是一个更精确,抗干扰性强,更加智能的电子指南针。     

椭球拟合的电子罗盘磁差补偿

对电子罗盘磁差补偿的椭球拟合校准法进行深入研究,并分解为硬磁、软磁、比例系数校准和未对准误差校准,分别进行仿真分析,直观给出各部分磁差对拟合后的椭球拟合影响.与工业级高精度HMR3300型电子指南针进行对比实验,给出基于HMC5883L磁阻传感器的自制电子罗盘经过椭球拟合校准后的导航精度.     

无胶化封装的光纤Bragg光栅高温应变传感器及其特性研究

本文提出了一种全新的具有极好温度自校正能力的光纤Bragg光栅高温应变传感器结构,并提供一种新的封装方式能够实现在250°C高温环境下应变的高精度测量并且具有极好的稳定性和重复性,可应用于250°C左右的环境下大型机械等接触式高精度应变测量,另外该结构简单能够实现量产,对高温环境下的工程应用具有很好的实用价值。我们通过实验获得传感器在250°C左右的应变测量灵敏度约为372.6pm/N,线性度为R2=0.9992。     

MEMS风速风向传感器倾斜效应研究

本文主要针对智能电网、海上浮标等容易发生倾斜状态的应用场景,研究了微电子机械系统 (MEMS) 热式风速风向传感器的输出性能,并对带有空气动力学壳罩的传感器进行了有限元仿真和风场测试。测试结果表明,风向测量误差和仿真误差均较小,但风速测量误差却远大于仿真误差。进一步分析可知,其原因是传感器在封装时其外壳容易产生倾斜。为了解决这一问题,本文采用3D打印技术实现一体化的封装外壳。测试结果表明,在±20°以内的倾斜状态下,优化后传感器的风速、风向测量误差分别满足±(0.3+5%v) m/s、±3°的指标要求。     

一种基于Rényi信息增量的机动目标协同跟踪方法

针对传感器网络中的动态跟踪问题,提出一种基于 R′enyi 信息增量的机动目标协同跟踪方法.首先利用粒子滤波计算每个传感器 R′enyi 信息增量;然后以 R′enyi 信息增量最大为原则选择传感器进行目标跟踪,并在跟踪时通过多模型的交互作用实现对机动目标状态的准确估计.仿真结果表明,在非线性非高斯环境下,所提出的方法与传统方法相比能够有效提高跟踪精度,动态分配传感器资源,实现协同跟踪.     

一种基于Rényi信息增量的机动目标协同跟踪方法

针对传感器网络中的动态跟踪问题,提出一种基于Rényi信息增量的机动目标协同跟踪方法.首先利用粒子滤波计算每个传感器Rényi信息增量;然后以Rényi信息增量最大为原则选择传感器进行目标跟踪,并在跟踪时通过多模型的交互作用实现对机动目标状态的准确估计.仿真结果表明,在非线性非高斯环境下,所提出的方法与传统方法相比能够有效提高跟踪精度,动态分配传感器资源,实现协同跟踪.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.