转相乳化法制备乙烯基酯树脂炭纤维上浆剂

以乙烯基酯树脂与端环氧基反应型液态丁腈橡胶为主浆料,采用转相乳化法制备乳液型炭纤维上浆剂.探讨乳化剂种类、质量比、乳化温度、搅拌速率和溶剂对乳液性能的影响.结果表明:当乳化剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸铵与蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚质量比为3∶1,乳化剂质量分数为主浆料的10%、乳化温度为50℃、搅拌速率为10000r/min、苯乙烯质...     

复合微球的合成及其缓释性能的研究

采用乳化-化学交联法,以壳聚糖为原料,戊二醛为交联剂,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为致孔剂,在乳化聚合条件下成功制备出多孔复合微球,拟将作为营养物质载体用于植物的根部吸收。通过单因素研究,得到了复合微球最佳致孔条件:壳聚糖溶液浓度为1.8%~2.0%(质量分数),O/W比例为5∶1,转速为900 r/min,乳化温度为45℃,DBP体积占O/W总体积比例为1∶7.5,浓度为50%(v/v)戊二醛体积占O/W总体积比例为1∶40。通过扫描电镜(SEM)对复合微球的形貌和结构进行分析;采用透射电镜(TEM)及element mapping检测含N、P、K复合肥成功包裹于壳聚糖微球中;利用元素分析,ICP(电感耦合等离子发射光谱)对复合微球的缓释性能进行测试与表征。研究结果表明,复合微球球形规整度良好;大部分微球直径在50μm左右;微球表面粗糙不平且有部分孔隙结构;微球释放规律符合希古契提出的Higuchi骨架模型,在132 h后释放逐渐趋于平稳,表明制备的复合微球具备良好的缓释效果。     

聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)及其载药微球的制备研究

采用二步法合成了聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA),研究了聚合工艺对聚合物分子量的影响,进一步以PLGA为原料制备了聚合物微球,筛选并优化了制备微球的聚合物分子量,探索了制备条件对微球粒径、表面形态的影响,确定了较佳工艺条件。PLGA共聚的较优条件为:丙交酯与乙交酯按50∶50摩尔比混合,加入0.06%催化剂Zr(acac)4,常压下150℃共聚6h,PLGA特性黏度[η]为0.1964dL/g。优化后的微球制备工艺条件为:采用浓度为0.3%的吐温20为乳化剂,二氯甲烷为有机相,1000r/min转速乳化30min,500r/min转速挥发6h,水油相体积比(W∶O)为20∶1,聚合物浓度为0.05g/mL,此条件下制得微球表平均粒径为214nm。     

乳化-溶剂挥发法制备聚乳酸载药微球

采用o/w型乳化-溶剂挥发法来制备载药微球,以二氯甲烷为溶剂相,以聚乳酸为载体材料,以维A酸为包埋药物,以吐温-80和明胶为乳化剂。探索载药微球制备过程中的变量(高剪切转速、高剪切时间、内外相体积比、壁材用量等)对载药微球粒径大小、包封率以及稳定性等的影响。得出最优载药微球制备方案:明胶浓度7.5mg/mL,吐温浓度6mg/mL,聚乳酸浓度10 mg/mL,内外相体积比1∶10,剪切时间30min,搅拌速度300r/min,挥发时间3h。所制得的聚乳酸载药微球形态光滑且分散性较好,包封率为52.42%。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚氨酯载药微球的制备及性能

通过乳液聚合法制备了负载阿莫西林的纳米羟基磷灰石/聚氨酯(n-HA/PU)载药微球,通过正交设计实验对其制备工艺进行了优化,采用红外光谱、热重分析、扫描电镜等分析了微球的结构和性能,对其体外药物缓释过程进行探讨。研究结果表明,复合微球粒径大小与固含量、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)含量、搅拌速度等有关,所制备的微球平均粒径为0.8~1.2mm;载药微球的优化制备工艺条件为:原料配比-NCO∶-OH=2∶1,预聚时间180min,预聚温度80℃,nHA含量3%,固含量7%,搅拌速度600r/min,PVP用量3%,所制备微球的载药量为6.58%,包封率为86.86%。体外缓释结果表明,载药微球的释药行为符合Higuchi动力学,半衰期(t1/2)为22.29h,具有良好的药物缓释作用。     

聚羟基丁酸酯-羟基戊酸酯共聚物/明胶微粒的构造形态与性能

以生物可降解材料聚羟基丁酸酯-羟基戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV)与天然明胶(Gel)为基材,以安定(DZP)原药为模药,分别采用O/W、W/O/ W、O/W/O,单乳化与双乳化溶剂蒸发法技术,制得3种不同结构形态微粒(微球与微囊), 微粒平均粒径为30～40 μm;探讨几种制备参数对微粒内、外部形态结构的影响;用扫描电镜观察了3种类型微粒内部与外部不同结构形态;测试了3种类型微粒释药性能,分析了微粒结构形态对其控释性能的影响.     

胶原蛋白/壳聚糖/纳米SiO_2复合微球的制备与载药性能研究

采用乳化交联法制备胶原蛋白/壳聚糖/纳米SiO_2复合微球。以司班80和液体石蜡为油相,混合溶液为水相,引入硬脂酸镁(MS)作助乳化剂,以SEM、FT-IR、UV、激光粒度仪为表征手段研究了油水体积比、搅拌速率、交联剂与混合溶液体积比和纳米SiO_2对复合微球的成球性及其载药释药性能的影响。结果表明,MS的助乳化效果较好,在纳米SiO_2和混合溶液质量比为2%(wt,质量分数)时,盐酸小檗碱载药微球的载药率为15.66%,包封率为66.52%,维生素D载药微球的载药率为3.08%,包封率为48.54%。结论:制备了粒度分布集中的药物缓释微球,纳米SiO_2使微球具有更好的缓释性能,且在pH较低时不易分解,减少粘附。     

阳离子交换树脂D006催化合成乙酸环己酯的研究

以环己烯与乙酸为原料,在大孔苯乙烯阳离子交换树脂D006的催化下,通过烯烃酯化反应合成乙酸环己酯。对合成条件进行优化,并考察了树脂催化剂的稳定性。得到较佳的工艺条件为:n(环己烯):n(乙酸)=1:3,反应温度90℃,树脂用量2%(相对于环己烯和乙酸总质量),反应时间5h,搅拌速率300r/min,环己烯转化率94.5%,乙酸环己酯收率83%。催化剂连续使用10次,乙酸环己酯选择性维持在94%左右。     

聚己内酯载药微球的制备及释药性能研究

首次以利福喷丁为模型药物、聚己内酯为载体材料,制备了用于长效抑制骨结核生长的利福喷丁聚己内酯缓释微球,观察其理化特性和体外释放性能。采用O/W乳化溶剂挥发法制备载利福喷丁聚己内酯微球,系统考察了投药量、聚乙烯醇的浓度、乳化速度对微球形貌、粒径、载药量和包封率的影响。通过对制备工艺的优化,得到最佳制备条件是乳化速度300r·min-1,投药量20mg,聚乙烯醇的浓度2%。所制备的载利福喷丁聚己内酯微球圆整,表面有微孔,大小分布均匀,粒径分布较窄,平均粒径为(27.249±0.256)μm、载药量(3.098±0.011)%、包封率(34.078±0.123)%。实验结果表明:聚己内酯是负载利福喷丁的一种理想控释材料。     

单分散中空聚苯乙烯微球制备

采用搅拌乳化方法制备水包油(W1/O)型乳状液,经膜乳化法制得单分散的复乳(W1/O/W2)型乳状液,再通过液中干燥法制得单分散中空聚苯乙烯(PS)微球.考察了shirasu porous glass(SPG)膜孔径对乳状液液滴粒径及粒径分布、表面活性剂浓度对PS微球中空率和单分散性的影响.由激光粒度分析仪结果及PS微球的SEM照片证实,制得的PS微球,粒径呈单分散,是SPG膜孔径的2.0～2.4倍且具有中空结构.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to