大豆分离蛋白凝胶制备和凝胶质构特性研究

本研究以大豆分离蛋白为原料，考察蛋白质浓度、pH值、加热温度、加热时间对凝胶形成的影响，采用物性仪对不同务件下制备的凝胶的质构特性进行研究，不同评价指标得出的结论不尽相同。通过正交实验得出形成凝胶硬度最大的制备条件为：蛋白浓度12％，pH值6．5，加热温度95℃，加热时间35min；形成凝胶脆性最大的制备凝胶争件为：蛋白浓度12％，pH值7．0，加热温度95℃，加热时间25min；形成凝胶弹性最好的制备凝胶务件为：蛋白浓度12％，pH值7．0，加热温度85℃，加热时间35min；形成凝胶粘附性最大的制备凝胶条件为：蛋白浓度12％，pH值7．0，加热温度95℃，加热时间35min。     

大豆分离蛋白添加量对低盐木质化鸡肉糜凝胶特性的影响

探究大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolates,SPI)添加量对低盐和正常盐木质化鸡胸肉糜凝胶特性的影响.实验设置正常鸡胸肉为对照组.将不同量(0％、1％、2％)SPI分别添加到含1％和2％食盐的木质化和正常鸡胸肉糜中,测定热诱导凝胶的质构特性、颜色、蒸煮损失、水分分布以及蛋白质二级结构等指标.结果表明:相...     

转谷氨酰胺酶诱导调质大豆分离蛋白凝胶的水分分布及凝胶特性

利用低场核磁共振技术、质构仪、差示扫描量热仪等对调质大豆分离蛋白凝胶水分分布、凝胶特性及微观 结构进行测定,研究调质大豆分离蛋白的蛋白组成对转谷氨酰胺酶诱导的蛋白凝胶的影响。结果表明：调质大豆分 离蛋白中11S球蛋白所占比例对蛋白凝胶水分分布、凝胶特性及微观结构有显著相关性。11S球蛋白的质量分数由 60%提高到80%时,蛋白凝胶的横向弛豫时间T2先缩短后延长;凝胶的硬度、黏性、咀嚼性3 项指标值均有不同程 度的降低;蛋白凝胶的热稳定性先提高后降低,70%的11S球蛋白蛋白凝胶ΔH最低,凝胶中水分不易失去;11S球 蛋白质量分数分别为60%与70%的大豆分离蛋白凝胶形成的微观结构表面较平整,孔洞较小且相对均匀。     

胡麻籽分离蛋白的乳化及凝胶特性研究

为促进胡麻籽分离蛋白在食品工业中的应用,研究了pH、盐浓度、蛋白质浓度等因素对其乳化特性的影响,并利用TA-XT2i质构仪研究的胡麻籽分离蛋白的凝胶特性.结果发现在0.1%～0.7%范围内,随着蛋白质浓度的增加,乳化活力和乳化稳定性快速提升;当蛋白质浓度高于0.7%以后,乳化特性指标变化趋于平缓;在pH 4.0时,胡麻籽分离蛋白的乳化活力和乳化稳定性最差,降低或升高pH均有利于乳化活性逐渐增强;低浓度的NaCl(0.1 mol/L)能提高胡麻籽分离蛋白的乳化活力;但NaCl的添加对胡麻籽分离蛋白乳化稳定性有明显的损伤作用.质构分析表明10%的胡麻分离蛋白凝胶比较柔软,具有良好的弹性、内聚性、胶着性、咀嚼性和回复性.     

复合卵白蛋白-大豆分离蛋白对肉糜凝胶特性和微观结构的影响

运用卵白蛋白改善大豆蛋白与肉糜凝胶强度.通过在大豆分离蛋白中添加不同比例的卵白蛋白,应用于肉糜制品中,观察肉糜凝胶理化特性和微观结构,综合分析卵白蛋白和大豆分离蛋白复合凝胶在肉糜制品中的应用效果.结果表明:复合组显著改善产品的硬度、弹性、蒸煮损失、保水性(P<0.05),复合蛋白质量比为1:1时,产品的脂肪聚集体达到最...     

马铃薯分离蛋白凝胶的制备及其性质研究

以新鲜马铃薯为原料,采用等电点沉淀法制备马铃薯分离蛋白。确定了马铃薯分离蛋白最低凝胶点的蛋白质浓度为6%。考察蛋白质浓度、pH 值、加热温度和加热时间4 个因素对凝胶形成的影响,采用物性仪对不同条件下制备凝胶的质构特性进行研究,通过脆度、硬度、稠度、黏聚性和黏着性这5 个指标对马铃薯分离蛋白的质构特性进行说明。优化结果表明不同评价指标得出的结论不尽相同。对马铃薯分离蛋白凝胶特性进行综合评价,可选用蛋白质浓度12%、pH7.0、加热温度95℃、加热时间15min 制备凝胶。     

Composite Gels Containing Whey Protein Fibrils and Bacterial Cellulose Microfibrils

In this study, we investigated the gelation of WPI fibrils in the presence of bacterial cellulose (BC) microfibrils at pH 2 upon prolonged heating. Rheology and microstructure were investigated as a function of BC microfibril concentration. The presence of BC microfibrils did not influence the gelation dynamics and resulting overall structure of the WPI fibrillar gel. The storage modulus and loss modulus of the mixed WPI‐BC microfibril gels increased with increasing BC microfibril concentration, whereas the ratio between loss modulus and storage modulus remained constant. The WPI fibrils and BC microfibrils independently form two coexisting gel networks. Interestingly, near to the BC microfibrils more aligned WPI fibrils seemed to be formed, with individual WPI fibrils clearly distinguishable. The level of alignment of the WPI fibrils seemed to be dependent on the distance between BC microfibrils and WPI fibrils. This also is in line with our observation that with more BC microfibrils present, WPI fibrils are more aligned than in a WPI fibrillar gel without BC microfibrils. The large deformation response of the gels at different BC microfibril concentration and NaCl concentration is mainly influenced by the concentration of NaCl, which affects the WPI fibrillar gel structures, changing form linear fibrillar to a particulate gel. The WPI fibrillar gel yields the dominant contribution to the gel strength.     

碱性氨基酸调控肌原纤维蛋白加工性能及肉品品质研究进展

随着《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》的实施以及消费者健康饮食观念的不断增强,“低盐无磷”健康肉制品逐渐成为肉制品行业未来的发展趋势。但是单纯减少NaCl以及多聚磷酸盐的添加量会严重影响产品的得率和品质。因此,寻求NaCl以及多聚磷酸盐的绿色健康替代物具有重要意义。近年来,碱性氨基酸——精氨酸、赖氨酸及组氨酸在肉制品行业中作为NaCl以及多聚磷酸盐替代物的研究与应用受到了广泛关注。本文综述了国内外有关碱性氨基酸对肌原纤维蛋白结构、溶解度、乳化性及凝胶性的调控作用及其内在机制的最新研究成果,并概述了碱性氨基酸对肉品品质（色泽、保水性、质构特性、氧化稳定性）的作用机理,以期为碱性氨基酸在肉类工业中的后续研究和实际应用提供理论依据。     

不同大豆分离蛋白凝胶的流变学性质

本文比较研究了三种不同大豆分离蛋白(分别为SG、ADM和ON)的凝胶性能。三种大豆分离蛋白的7S／11S比率和变性热焓类似，但表面疏水性和混浊度却明显不同。通过小变形振荡流变分析研究了三种大豆分离蛋白的热凝胶性能。在去离子水中，SG和ADM的凝胶浓度均是90mg／ml，且两者的凝胶强度接近；ON的凝胶浓度是110mg／ml。在1．0mol／L NaCl溶液中，ADM的凝胶强度高于SG。在NaSCN存在的情况下。ON的凝胶强度明显增加。尽管N-乙基马来酰亚胺(NEM)能够封闭巯基，但该试剂可增强三种大豆分离蛋白的凝胶强度。结果显示SG和ADM之间的凝胶性能的差别主要是由于表面疏水性不同，而造成ON凝胶性能较差的主要原因是大豆蛋白分子的聚集。     

Properties of Acidic Whey Protein Gels Containing Emulsified Butterfat

Changes in physical properties of whey protein gels following addition of emulsified fat were investigated. Gels were made by heating mixtures of dialyzed whey protein isolate at pH 4.60 with and without emulsified fat droplets. Addition of emulsified fat improved the gel-like qualities of these systems. Gel strength progressively increased upon addition of emulsified fat up to 30.00% by weight. Mean droplet size 1.85 km produced the greatest reinforcement of gel strength. Gels made with intermediate concentrations of protein were most sensitive to the effect. The elastic moduli and viscosities of whey protein gels at pH 4.60 increased with fat content, whereas syneresis decreased upon addition of fat.     

热处理制备高凝胶性大豆分离蛋白的工艺

为改善目前工业生产大豆分离蛋白(SPI)产品的凝胶性,以脱脂豆粕为原料,在传统碱溶酸沉法制备SPI中引入热处理工艺,研究碱溶、酸沉、中和不同阶段热处理条件对蛋白产品凝胶性质的影响。结果表明:热处理对SPI凝胶强度的影响较显著,碱溶阶段和酸沉阶段随着处理温度的提高,SPI凝胶强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,中和阶段随着热处理温度升高、时间延长,SPI凝胶强度增大;并对3个阶段进行组合热处理,得到制备高凝胶性SPI产品的适宜工艺条件为,碱溶阶段60℃热处理1 h和酸沉阶段40℃热处理15 min,以及中和阶段保持室温,SPI产品凝胶强度可提高131%。     

热水蒸煮大豆蛋白产品的功能性研究

研究了热水蒸煮时间对脱脂大豆粉、醇洗大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白的影响。热水蒸煮提高了浓缩蛋白和分离蛋白的起泡性和乳化性，对脱脂大豆粉的乳化性有所提高，但不能提高其起泡性。破坏胰岛素抑制剂和微生物的热水蒸煮对蛋白质的加工具有重要的意义。     

Compressive Properties of Whey Protein Composite Gels Containing Fractionated Milkfat

Compressive properties of composite gels consisting of 13% whey protein isolate (WPI) and 10% to 30% selected milkfat fractions were investigated at different temperatures. Compressive properties of gels were significantly affected by melting properties of the filler. Maximum compressive strength of composite gels was proportional to filler load and proportion of solid lipids. Compressive strength of composite gels was higher than that of WPI-only gels, and the relative increase in hardness ranged from about 5% to 91%. Results indicated that compressive properties of gels were affected by a combined effect of filler load and temperaturedependent influence on compressive properties of matrix, interface, and filler particles.     

Factors Affecting the Functional Properties of Whey Protein Products: A Review

Numerous why protein products (WPP) have been developed as excellent food ingredients with unique functional properties. However, the functional properties of WPP are affected by several compositional and processing factors. Recently, novel processing technologies such as high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasound, extrusion and tribomechanical activation have been used to modify the functional properties of WPP. Also, WPP have been used as delivery systems for functional ingredients and in edible films. The present paper reviews the latest developments in the role of different factors on the functional properties of WPP with emphasis on novel processing technologies, and interaction with other food ingredients     

κ-卡拉胶对大豆分离蛋白乳浊凝胶特性的影响

研究了κ 卡拉胶在不同pH的条件下对大豆分离蛋白乳浊凝胶质构特性和流变特性的影响。研究结果表明 ,pH 7 3条件下的乳浊体系比 pH 6 8的体系更易形成凝胶。卡拉胶质量分数为 0 0 5 %时 ,因与大豆分离蛋白发生静电吸引相互作用形成连接型凝胶而显著提高了凝胶的质构特性和流变特性。 0 2 %时则形成相分离型凝胶 ,降低了凝胶的弹性和内聚性。     

Properties of Extrusion-Expanded Whey Protein Products Containing Fiber

Three insoluble dietary fibers (cellulose, wheat, and oat) were incorporated into an extruded-expanded product containing 32% whey protein at three concentrations (18, 36, and 48%) to determine the influence of fiber on extrudate properties. As the concentration of fiber in the extrudates increased, there was a significant decrease in expansion ratio, air cell size, water soluble carbohydrate, and water solubility index, and a significant increase in extrudate density, breaking force, moisture content, and water absorption index. The main effects observed were attributed primarily to a decrease in the amount of normal cornstarch.     

紫苏分离蛋白功能性研究

为了开发紫苏蛋白在食品工业中的应用,以大豆分离蛋白为对照,研究紫苏分离蛋白的功能特性。结果表明：紫苏分离蛋白的溶解性与大豆分离蛋白的溶解性随pH值变化的趋势基本一致,但在等电点时紫苏分离蛋白的溶解性高于大豆分离蛋白。在pH7.0时,紫苏分离蛋白的持水性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性、乳化性和凝胶性均不及大豆分离蛋白。但紫苏分离蛋白的吸油性仅稍小于大豆分离蛋白,此外,在紫苏分离蛋白的蛋白质质量浓度为3g/100mL以后,其乳化稳定性与大豆分离蛋白的乳化稳定性基本相当。紫苏分离蛋白在食品加工中作为一种蛋白质强化剂具有一定潜力。     

物理作用力对大豆分离蛋白凝胶质构特性的影响

本文研究了不同阴离子的中性盐、尿素和丙二醇对大豆分离蛋白凝胶质构特性的影响。结果表明,在中性盐浓度较低时(≤0.1mol/L),中性盐的静电中和作用显著影响凝胶的质构特性,而当盐浓度较高时,中性盐的阴离子对蛋白质分子构象稳定性和疏水相互作用的影响成为影响凝胶质构特性的主要因素;尿素和丙二醇对凝胶质构特性的影响表明,氢键也是影响大豆分离蛋白质构特性的主要作用力。