因子分解机模型研究综述

传统矩阵分解方法因其算法的高可扩展性和较好的性能等特点,在预测、推荐等领域有着广泛的应用.然而大数据环境下,更多上下文因素的获取变得可能,传统矩阵分解方法缺乏对上下文信息的有效利用.在此背景下,因子分解机模型提出并流行.为了更好地把握因子分解机模型的发展脉络,促进因子分解机模型与应用相结合,针对因子分解机模型及其算法进行了综述.首先,对因子分解机模型的提出进行了溯源,介绍了从传统矩阵分解到因子分解机模型的演化过程;其次,从模型准确率和效率两方面对因子分解机模型存在的基本问题和近年来的研究进展进行了总结,然后综述了适用于因子分解机模型求解的4种代表性优化算法;最后分析了因子分解机模型目前仍存在的问题,提出了可能的解决思路,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

形态学运算中结构元的分解

本文对数学形态学中的结构元给出了新的分解定义,同时给出了相应的分解定理、分解原则以及最小分解判定定理.     

矩阵格形分解

本文提出了一种新的矩阵分解——格形分解,讨论了计算格形分解的方法,最后给出了对一般非奇异矩阵做格形分解的部分选主元策略。     

矩阵多项式的几种特殊分解

在对有限自动机公开钥密码（ＦＡＰＫＣ）的分析中也提出了矩阵多项式的分解问题,本文研究几种特殊分解,即线性ＲａＲｂ变换导出的分解、化标准对角形导出的两种分解、线性本原分解和左本原分解。文中讨论了这些分解的关系,讨论了积Ｂ（λ）Ａ（λ）与Ａ（λ）的分解间的关系。最后,论述了这些结果在ＦＡＰＫＣ分析上的应用和意义。     

高速图像小波分解算法与FPGA实现

小波分析是信息处理领域的一种重要处理方法,但是小波分解巨大的运算量却严重束缚了其在实时处理领域中的应用。提出了一种基于FPGA实现的高速小波分解方法,该方法采用新的小波分解结构,使多层分解得以同时进行,从而使小波分解的速度达到高速输入图像的数据率;并适当选取了数据结构,使得经分解、重构后所得图像的峰值信噪比达到无穷大。这种方法大大提高了硬件系统进行小波分解的速度,在小波分解的性能和硬件实现的资源消耗上找到了一个较优的结合点。     

连续碳酸化分解过程分解梯度控制策略研究

连续碳酸化分解过程是烧结法生产氧化铝的关键工序之一,其分解率梯度与末槽分解率直接影响产品的产量和质量。针对此过程具有强非线性、强耦合性、大时滞、难以建立精确的数学模型等特点,在分析过程机理特征和总结专家经验的基础上,提出了分解率梯度专家控制和末槽分解率预测前馈补偿相结合的控制策略,以首槽进料阀门和1#~5#槽CO2通气阀门为控制对象,采用产生式规则建立了由首槽进料量专家控制规则和1#~5#槽分解率专家控制规则共同组成的专家知识库,并引入了末槽分解率预测模型修正控制输出,最后开发了连续碳酸化分解过程分解率梯度专家控制系统。实际运行结果表明,各槽分解率的合格率提高了2%以上,实现了分解率梯度的稳定优化控制,提高了产品的质量。     

不同矩阵分解方法对海洋数据同化的影响*

在海洋数据同化领域,集合最优插值方法中,矩阵求逆过程所使用的奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)十分耗时。对集合最优插值中逆矩阵的求逆过程进行优化,分别使用LU分解、Choleskey分解、QR分解来替代SVD分解。首先,通过LU分解(Choleskey分解或QR分解)得到相应的三角矩阵(或正交矩阵);然后,利用分解后的矩阵来实现相关逆矩阵的计算。由于LU分解、Choleskey分解、QR分解的算法复杂度都远小于SVD分解,因此改进后的同化程序能得到大幅度的性能提升。数值结果表明,所采用的三种矩阵分解方法相比于SVD分解,都能将集合最优插值的计算效率提升至少两倍以上。值得一提的是,在四种矩阵分解中Choleskey分解使得整个同化程序的性能达到了最优。     

布尔函数的代数因子分解

本文改进了布尔函数的代数因子分解算法ALG_DIV和QF,采用“分治”方式降低了分解过程的计算时间复杂性,提高了多级逻辑函数分解的效率,能获得近似优化的多级逻辑分解结果.     

多边形三角形分解的扇形扫描算法

讨论了任意多边形区域的三角形分解问题,提出了一种扇形扫描方法。该方法沿着多边形轮廓搜索各个可行的目标三角形,逐步将多边形未分解区域缩小,最终完成三角形分解。给出了分解实例。     

一种基于SVD分解的小波域数字水印算法

本文提出了一种基于离散小波变换和奇异值分解的数字水印算法。该算法充分利用了离散小波分解和矩阵奇异值分解(SVD)的固有特征,对Arnold置乱后的水印的多层小波分解子带做奇异值分解,把分解后的奇异值嵌入到原始图像的多层小波分解的相应子带中。水印的提取是嵌入算法的逆过程。Matlab仿真试验表明了算法的透明性、稳健性和安全性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.