潜流人工湿地对农村生活污水处理特性试验研究

采用潜流人工湿地处理农村生活污水,考察了该工艺对COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除效果。结果表明,湿地对COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除效果较好,平均去除率分别达到87.4%、83.5%、63.8%、57.9%和90.1%,出水COD为11.2～23.3 mg.L-1,出水BOD5为6.7～11.3 mg.L-1,出水NH3-N、TN、TP的质量浓度分别为10.3～16.1、18.8～23.2、小于1.0 mg.L-1,出水水质优于GB 5084-2005要求。植物种植状况、温度变化及进水污染物含量等因素对湿地处理效率有较大影响,总体上来讲,温度大于20℃、植物种植密度越大、进水污染物含量越低处理效果越好。     

HRT对悬挂链曝气式接触氧化处理污染河水的影响

考察了不同水力停留时间(HRT)下,厌氧-缺氧-悬挂链曝气式接触氧化对重,轻度污染河水的净化效果.结果表明,HRT为2、4、8,12h时,在重、轻度污水水质COD为58.67～85.33mg·L-1、26.67～42.67mg·L-1;NH4+-N为5.20～11.30 mg·L-1、2.79～3.47 mg·L-1,TN为8.10～14.18 mg·L-1,3.15～3.38mg·L-1;TP为0.62～O.82 mg·L-1,0.135～0.39mg·L-1两种典型进水水质情况下,COD、NH+-N和TN的平均去除率都随HRT的增加而升高,但在HRT为8 h后,平均去除率的增幅都变小.TP在重、轻度污水时随HRT变化去除率差异不大.考虑节能与效率,该工艺适宜的HRT为8 h,此时重、轻度污染河水的主要污染指标平均去除率COD为61.87%、25.39%;NH4+-N为61.25%、51.04%;TN为37.66%、26.51%;TP为10.19%、8.77%.     

缺氧—好氧法+新型外置膜生物反应器处理乳品废水研究

利用缺氧-好氧法(A/O)+外置膜生物反应器(MBR)对乳品废水进行试验,MBR与A/O工艺结合,强化脱氮,利用气液混合泵曝气代替鼓风曝气.结果表明,气液混合泵充氧效率高、能耗低.进水COD和NH3-N、TN、TP 质量浓度平均分别为994 mg·L-1和38.7、76.3、8.8 mg·L-1时,出水COD和NH3-N、TN、TP质量浓度平均分别为17.8mg· L-1和6.9、16、1.27 mg· L-1,去除率分别为98.2％和82％、78.9％、85.7％.     

改进型人工快速渗滤系统除磷研究

为强化人工快速渗滤系统对磷的去除效率,优化设计了人工快滤池的结构与滤料组成并进行了处理小区生活污水的小试研究.结果表明,在水力负荷为1.0m3·m-2·d-1,湿干比为1:3的条件下,系统对COD、SS、NH+4-N、TF均有较好的去除效果,进水中COD由142～238mg·L-1降到出水的16～52mg·L-1,SS、NH+4-N以及TP质量浓度分别由进水的143～175 mg·L--120.19～32.42 mg·L-1,2.45～4.23 mg·L-1降到出水的7～21 mg·L-1、0.92～3.67 mg·L-1、0.11～0.38mg·L-1,平均去除效率均在90%以上.与传统的CRI相比,虽然对COD.SS及NH+4-N的去除效果并没有明显的提高,但改进型CRI对污水中TP的去除效率有明显的提高.     

生物转笼活性污泥复合工艺处理生活污水试验研究

采用生物转笼与活性污泥复合工艺,以中试规模处理某高校校园生活污水。结果表明,在反应时间为5 h,转笼转速0.5r/min左右,转笼反应槽中气水体积比1:1,污泥体积回流比100%时,出水COD平均为26.7mg/L,NH3-N、TN和TP平均质量浓度分别为12.4、15.5、0.67mg/L,COD、NH3-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别达到90.4%、63.1%、59.8%、58.6%。     

改良射流曝气外置式MBR处理模拟生活污水研究

在常规外置MBR的基础上改变曝气方式,变鼓风曝气为间歇射流曝气;优化射流器和循环加压泵组合方式,并将其用于处理模拟生活污水.结果表明,改良后的间歇射流曝气可以代替鼓风机曝气并且提高了充氧效率.进水COD平均为407 mg·L-1,NH3-N、TN平均质量浓度为21.2 mg·L-1和41.5 mg·L-1时,出水COD为11.5～30.7 mg·L-1,去除率为93％～97％;出水NH3-N、TN质量浓度为3.9～10.2 mg·L-1和10.1～17.8 mg·L-1,去除率分别为52.2％～81.5％和57.1％～75.6％.     

阶梯式溢流堰对不同浓度污染水体的影响研究

定期监测45°阶梯式溢流堰坝体上下的溶解氧及水质指标变化,研究阶梯式溢流堰对不同浓度污染水体有机污染及营养盐的影响.结果表明,水体经45°阶梯式溢流堰后,IMn、NH3-N、TP得到有效降低,当坝上的IMn低于19.00 mg·L-1,IMn降低率较高,高于5.80%;当坝上的IMn高于19.00 mg·L-1,IMn降低率较低,低于5.80%.当坝上NH3-N质量浓度小于19 mg·L-1时,NH3-N去除率较低,低于5.00%,当坝上水体NH3-N质量浓度大于19 mg·L-1时去除率较高,高于8.00%.水体经溢流堰后TP的降低值与坝上TP质量浓度呈显著的线性关系,线性方程为△TP=0.2015 TPA-0.1999,但坝上TN浓度对TN去除率无直接联系.     

混合型城市污水强化脱氮除磷工艺试验研究

采用膜膜强化集成工艺,对混合型城市污水进行脱氮除磷效果试验研究。试验结果表明,COD、NH3-N、TN及TP去除率分别达到80%、96%、60%及88%,系统平均出水COD为25 mg/L,NH3-N、TN及TP的质量浓度分别为0.9、13、0.44 mg/L。系统运行稳定,各项指标均可达到国家一级A标准(GB 18918-2002)。     

A~2/O生化法+物化法污水处理厂运行效果分析

介绍了采用A2/O生化法+物化法工艺的污水处理厂的工艺流程、主要构筑物参数,对COD、TP、TN、NH3-N等测定数据进行分析,评价污水处理厂运行效果。结果表明,污水经过处理后,COD、TP、TN、NH3-N平均去除率分别达到88.9%、89.0%、49.7%、98.4%,出水COD为17 mg/L,TP、TN、NH3-N的质量浓度分别为0.145、9.15、0.23 mg/L,满足GB 18918-2002的一级A标准要求。在进水COD低于设计条件的情况下,出水污染物含量不易受进水量增加的影响。     

两种回流方式倒置A~2O-MBR工艺处理城市污水中试研究

考察了两种回流方式下倒置A2O-膜生物反应器(MBR)去除污染物的效果。试验结果表明,采用工艺2的回流方式,COD、NH3-N、TN及TP去除率分别达到84.7%、99.2%、62.2%及73.3%,平均出水COD、NH3-N、TN及TP质量浓度分别为42.5、0.25、14.4、0.56 mg/L,基本满足国家一级A排放标准,脱氮除磷效果优于工艺1(TN、TP去除率分别为52.5%、49.5%),而COD和NH3-N的去除率基本不受回流方式影响;膜组件高效截留作用使出水浊度维持在1.0 NTU以下;系统存在同步硝化反硝化、反硝化除磷作用,有利于强化系统脱氮除磷的性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.