Application of cold spraying for flux-free brazing of aluminium alloy 6060

In the present study, samples of aluminium alloy 6060 were coated by cold spraying with a powder of brazing alloy Al12Si. The influence of the process gas temperature on particle velocities and coating build-up was investigated. The coated samples were heat-treated in air and under argon atmosphere to investigate the wetting behaviour of the deposited Al12Si and the diffusion processes between Al12Si coatings and substrates. Coated samples were brazed flux-free under argon atmosphere by an induction heating system. The microstructure of the coated, heat-treated, and brazed samples was investigated. The shear strength of the brazed joints was determined. The results show that the brazing alloy Al12Si could be very well deposited on the substrate by cold spraying. The particle velocity increased with increasing process temperature. Correspondingly, the thickness of Al12Si coatings increased with increasing process temperature. The heat treatments showed that a very good metallurgical bond between the Al12Si coatings and the substrate could be realized by the deposition using cold spraying. The coated samples could be well brazed without fluxes. The coating thickness and overlap width influenced the shear strength of the brazed joints. The highest shear strength of brazed joints amounts to 80 MPa.     

Influence of the filler materials on flux-free brazing of pure aluminium (1050)

In the present study, samples of pure aluminium (1050) were deposited by cold spraying with filler materials such as Al12Si, Al7Si, Al12Si-4%Cu, and the Al-Si-based filler material A, which was especially developed for flux-free brazing by the Surface Engineering Institute. Besides, pure Si powder was also sprayed. The coated samples were heat-treated under different conditions and were brazed under an argon atmosphere without fluxes or with the flux Nokolok by an induction heating system. The shear strength of the brazed joints was determined. The results show that the filler materials could be well deposited by cold spraying. A thin layer of brittle Si could also form due to the strong deformation of the substrate surface. The heat treatments showed that a very good metallurgical bond between the filler materials and the substrate could be realized by the deposition by cold spraying. The Al7Si deposited samples could not be brazed without fluxes under the given conditions. The samples deposited with other filler materials could be brazed without fluxes. The in-situ diffusion process made it possible to braze the Si-deposited samples at 580°C. The joints of the samples deposited with the filler material A showed the highest shear strength of 41 MPa, whereas the values of the Al12Si and Si deposited samples were less than 20 MPa. The employment of the flux Nikolok significantly increased the shear strength of the Al12Si deposited samples to more than 53 MPa.     

Influence of the filler materials on flux-free brazing of pure aluminium (1050)

In the present study, samples of pure aluminium (1050) were deposited by cold spraying with filler materials such as Al12Si, Al7Si, Al12Si-4%Cu, and the Al-Si-based filler material A, which was especially developed for flux-free brazing by the Surface Engineering Institute. Besides, pure Si powder was also sprayed. The coated samples were heat-treated under different conditions and were brazed under an argon atmosphere without fluxes or with the flux Nokolok by an induction heating system. The shear strength of the brazed joints was determined. The results show that the filler materials could be well deposited by cold spraying. A thin layer of brittle Si could also form due to the strong deformation of the substrate surface. The heat treatments showed that a very good metallurgical bond between the filler materials and the substrate could be realized by the deposition by cold spraying. The Al7Si deposited samples could not be brazed without fluxes under the given conditions. The samples deposited with other filler materials could be brazed without fluxes. The in-situ diffusion process made it possible to braze the Si-deposited samples at 580°C. The joints of the samples deposited with the filler material A showed the highest shear strength of 41 MPa, whereas the values of the Al12Si and Si deposited samples were less than 20 MPa. The employment of the flux Nikolok significantly increased the shear strength of the Al12Si deposited samples to more than 53 MPa.     

Flux-free brazing of Mg-containing aluminium alloys by means of cold spraying

In the present study, AlSi12 and AlSi10Cu4 were deposited onto Mg-containing aluminium alloys 6063 and 5754 by cold spraying. The influences of the two brazing alloys and spray parameters on coating formation were investigated. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized. Some coated samples were heat-treated at 590°C and 560°C in air to investigate the effect of the rupture of oxide scales on the diffusion of elements during heat-treatment. Some coated samples were brazed under argon atmosphere without any fluxes. The results show that AlSi12 had much better deposition behaviour than AlSi10Cu4. Due to the rupture of oxide scales, Cu and Si diffused into the substrate and a metallurgical bond formed between the brazing alloys and the substrates during heat-treatment. The coated samples could be brazed without any fluxes. Because the oxide scales prevented the formation of a metallurgical bond locally, the brazed samples had relatively low shear strengths of up to 43 MPa.     

Flux-free brazing of Mg-containing aluminium alloys by means of cold spraying

In the present study, AlSi12 and AlSi10Cu4 were deposited onto Mg-containing aluminium alloys 6063 and 5754 by cold spraying. The influences of the two brazing alloys and spray parameters on coating formation were investigated. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized. Some coated samples were heat-treated at 590°C and 560°C in air to investigate the effect of the rupture of oxide scales on the diffusion of elements during heat-treatment. Some coated samples were brazed under argon atmosphere without any fluxes. The results show that AlSi12 had much better deposition behaviour than AlSi10Cu4. Due to the rupture of oxide scales, Cu and Si diffused into the substrate and a metallurgical bond formed between the brazing alloys and the substrates during heat-treatment. The coated samples could be brazed without any fluxes. Because the oxide scales prevented the formation of a metallurgical bond locally, the brazed samples had relatively low shear strengths of up to 43 MPa.     

冷喷铝涂层对2024铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能的影响

冷喷涂层为搅拌摩擦焊(Friction stir welding, FSW)接头提供了良好的防腐效果,但冷喷涂层对FSW接头力学性能的影响尚不明确。基于此,本研究通过拉伸和疲劳试验研究冷喷涂层对2024-T3铝合金接头力学性能的影响,并采用透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscope, TEM)与差示扫描量热法(Differential scanning calorimetry, DSC)表征冷喷涂前后接头显微组织的变化。试验结果表明,在2024-T3铝合金FSW接头上制备冷喷涂层后,接头的力学性能得到了一定改善,其抗拉强度从393.3 MPa提高到420.0 MPa,伸长率从4.3%增加到6.9%。当疲劳循环次数为1×107时,喷涂后的FSW接头在50%存活率下的疲劳强度比焊态高29.1%,在95%存活率下的比焊态高30.9%。TEM和DSC结果表明,喷涂后焊核区S相的数量、Cu与Mg原子偏聚区体积分数明显增多,这可能是接头力学性能提升的内在原因。     

聚晶金刚石复合片高频感应钎焊的试验研究

采用部分不等间隙接头设计方案和Ag Cu Zn Cd钎料 ,通过在空气中高频感应加热 (钎焊温度 6 90℃ ) ,成功实现了PCD复合片与 4 5钢刀杆的高强度焊接。根据钎焊试验结果 ,分析了钎料润湿性、钎焊温度、恒温保持时间和钎焊金属表面粗糙度对接头强度的影响     

Effect of brazing temperature on the shear strength of Inconel 600 joint

In this study, Inconel 600 alloy was brazed by using Cusil ABA which is an active filler alloy in a high-vacuum condition under a pressure of 1?×?10^?4 Pa. Three brazing temperatures (830, 865, and 900 °C) were chosen based on the solidus temperature of AgCuTi filler alloy in order to investigate the effects of these temperatures on the performance of the brazed joint. Brazing processes were carried out over a period of time (15 min) to ensure that the filler alloy was melted completely. The performance of the brazing process was evaluated in terms of bonding strength by shear test, whereas microstructural analysis was performed to investigate the bonding morphology. The results revealed that a maximum value of shear strength (223.32 MPa) was obtained at a brazing temperature of 865 °C compared with other temperatures. It was also observed morphologically that the highest shear strength was influenced by the formation of two reaction layers that crossed in the center of the brazed area due to interdiffusion effect of several constituents from the Inconel 600 alloy and active brazing filler.     

Influence of undercoating on rolling contact fatigue performance of Fe-based coating

The aim of this paper was to address the influence of undercoating on the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) performance of coatings. The Fe-based alloy and Ni/Al alloy were deposited on substrates as surface coating and undercoating by plasma spraying. The failure modes were investigated for two kinds of coatings. RCF performances were compared using Weibull distribution plot. The results showed undercoating played an important role on increasing RCF life of coating for the higher bond strength, and decreasing the scatter of RCF life data. The deposited undercoating could influence the failure mode of coating and prevent the occurrence of catastrophic delamination.     

Effect of Al element in Zn-Al fillers on the corrosion resistance of Cu/Al brazed joints

In this paper, we describe experimental torch welding 1061 aluminum alloy to T2 copper. The corrosion behavior and performance of Cu/Al brazed joints were systematically investigated. This investigation was conducted using an optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) and other methodologies. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of brazed joints was closely associated with Al content in filler metal. The corrosion behavior in 3.5 % NaCI solution belonged to micro-electrochemical corrosion and depended mainly on electrochemical imbalance between different phases. The excessive dissolution of Al atoms led to the occurrence of the corrosion of brazed joints and the corrosion product may be Al(OH)₃, Zn(OH)₂ and ZnO. It can be also found that an increase of aluminum content controlled largely formation and distribution of α-Al phase and Al₂O₃ protective film in brazing alloys, resulting in reducing the electrochemical corrosion current density and improving the corrosion resistance and shear strength of the joint.

     

金刚石表面的膜层沉积处理及其感应钎焊的研究

将热丝化学气相沉积(HFCVD)处理的金刚石作为磨料感应钎焊制作金刚石工具。HFCVD处理试验中,混合气为H2和CH4(体积流量比为100∶1.5),炉内压力为2.0kPa,700℃下处理45min后,在金刚石表面沉积了一层非晶碳膜。感应钎焊HFCVD处理的金刚石显示,出露部分的金刚石棱边能保持良好的锋利性;浸没在钎料层下面的金刚石表面形成了有均匀孔隙且形状不规则的铬碳化合物,液态钎料充填这些化合物孔隙之间,能够增强钎料对金刚石的把持强度。3种金刚石磨料感应钎焊制作的金刚石磨盘的高效重负荷石材磨削试验显示,HFCVD处理的金刚石的整体破碎率和脱落率最低。     

Optimization of brazing conditions for OFHC Cu and ASTM A501 low carbon steel by taguchi method

This paper concerns the optimization of brazing conditions for joining the two dissimilar materials Oxygen-free high conductivity (OFHC) copper and ASTM A501 low carbon steel usually used for an Oil-Separator of an air-conditioner using Ag-based (BAg) alloy as a brazing filler metal (BFM). A mixture of 70% N₂ and 30% H₂ gases was used to prevent oxidation of the joints during furnace brazing process. Brazing joint clearance, length, temperature, and time were selected as design parameters that have significant effect on the bonding strength of a brazed joint. Taguchi method was used as a statistical technique for design of experiment (DOE) in an attempt to optimize brazing conditions in terms of shear strength. L₉ (3⁴) orthogonal array was designed for conducting the experiments. The relative influence of design parameters and their interaction on the response were also discussed. The experimental results verified that the brazing conditions predicted in this study by Taguchi method could produce the brazed joint between OFHC copper and ASTM A501 low carbon steel with maximum shear strength.     

喷涂功率对碳/碳复合材料表面羟基磷灰石涂层抗剪强度的影响

采用等离子喷涂技术在碳／碳复合材料表面制备了羟基磷灰石（HA）涂层,采用自制装置测定了不同喷涂功率下涂层与基体的抗剪强度,采用扫描电镜观察了涂层表面、横截面和剪切断裂表面的微观形貌,并分析了涂层与基体的剪切断裂失效形式。结果表明：在40kw喷涂功率下,涂层与基体的抗剪强度最高,约为10MPa,其剪切断裂失效方式主要为涂层内部失效。     

钎焊气氛对金刚石磨耗特性的影响

采用NiCr合金钎料,通过Ar气保护和真空钎焊的方法制备了钎焊金刚石耐磨性试件,并研究了钎焊气氛对金刚石磨耗特性的影响。结果表明：在试验条件完全相同的情况下,不同的钎焊气氛导致金刚石磨耗特性不同,即经真空钎焊金刚石的磨耗特性表现为破碎方式,而经Ar气保护炉中钎焊金刚石的磨耗特性初始表现为磨耗平台方式,其后随着磨耗平台面积的增大,金刚石出现破碎。最后采用Ar气保护和真空钎焊方式制作了金刚石套料钻并进行了钻削试验,由于磨耗特性的不同,Ar气保护炉中钎焊套料钻较真空钎焊套料钻具有更长的使用寿命。     

高效散热微通道液冷冷板焊接技术及成形工艺研究

通过分析微通道冷板的结构特点及技术要求,对微通道冷板的焊接方法、焊接工艺进行了分析研究.采用气保护炉钎焊方法,通过巧妙地采用过渡材料与接头设计,既突破了6063铝合金气保护炉钎焊的钎焊性较差的技术难题,满足了钎焊缝密封性要求,又可有效地避免钎料流入微通道.通过焊接工装及接头设计,在合理的工艺及气氛条件下,实现了6063铝合金微通道冷板的整体焊接成形,解决了微通道冷板的焊接技术难题.     

硬质合金刀具高能离子源增强多弧镀AlCrTiSiN梯度涂层制备及性能研究

采用离子源增强的多弧离子镀新技术,在硬质合金刀具表面制备了不同含Si层梯度结构的AlCrTiSiN梯度涂层,并对涂层组织结构、残余应力、结合强度、摩擦磨损以及铣削和钻削加工灰铸铁性能进行了详细的研究。结果表明：不同含Si层梯度结构的AlCrTiSiN涂层主要由固溶的(Al,Cr) N、(Al,Ti) N相和非晶态Si₃N₄相组成。其中,含Si层梯度变化最缓和的G3(Gradient 3)涂层具有较高的结合强度,较低的残余压应力、摩擦因数和磨损率。铣削和钻削试验显示,涂层刀具的切削磨损机理主要表现为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。G3涂层降低了磨粒磨损,其刀具的铣削和钻削寿命均最高,这主要得益于其含Si层的梯度设计、适当的压应力(-3.8 GPa)以及良好的膜基结合强度。研究结果表明,通过对含Si层进行梯度设计可显著提高涂层刀具的切削性能。     

Al_2O_3陶瓷与Q235钢的活性钎焊

采用二元Cu-Ti活性钎料连接氧化铝陶瓷与Q235钢,研究了反应温度、保温时间等钎焊工艺对接头组织与接头强度的影响,分析了接头的微观组织和界面产物。试验结果表明,界面分为3层结构,即液态钎料填充陶瓷微孔形成的反应层、合金钎料层、钢侧扩散层。XRD分析结果表明,界面产物为Cu3Ti3O、TiFe、TiFe2和Cu基固溶体。钎焊温度1050℃,保温时间30min时,接头抗剪强度达到99.3MPa。     

镍-铬系涂层对锅炉管材高温持久强度的影响

对等离子喷涂NiCr—Cr3C2／Ni45Cr涂层的过热器管材12Cr2MowVTiB(钢研102)在现场运行3万h后取样,与无涂层锅炉管材及未运行过的原始锅炉管材进行了高温持久强度对比试验。结果表明：涂层锅炉管持久强度性能明显优于无涂层保护炉管,据此进一步分析讨论了燃煤烟气的热腐蚀对钢研102管材持久强度的影响及涂层防护机制。     

钎焊气氛对金刚石钎焊性能的影响

主要利用Cu-10Sn-5Ti钎料粉末,在空气、Ar气保护和真空气氛下分别对金刚石进行钎焊试验,通过扫描电子显微镜观测金刚石钎焊形貌、X射线衍射仪分析界面生成物成分、激光拉曼光谱仪检测金刚石石墨化程度、磨损试验分析金刚石破损形式等手段,考察研究不同钎焊气氛对金刚石钎焊性能的影响。试验结果表明,在空气中钎焊时,钎料粉末出现了一定的氧化,生成的氧化膜阻碍了界面反应的充分进行,对钎焊性能有一定的影响,金刚石也出现了较严重的热损伤,磨削过程中出现了少数部分颗粒脱落的情况;而在Ar气保护和真空钎焊时,钎料充分润湿和铺展,实现了对金刚石的高强度把持,金刚石石墨化程度很小,金刚石主要经历了完整、小块破碎、大块破损、磨平等正常磨损形式,金刚石利用率高。     

Achieving Low Tribological Moisture Sensitivity by a-C:Si:Al Carbon-based Coating

Owing to the requirements of the stable operation for mechanical components, the urgent challenges are to control tribological moisture sensitivity of protective coatings. In this letter, a-C:Si and a-C:Si:Al carbon-based coatings were successfully fabricated via magnetron sputtering Si, Al, and C. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological moisture sensitivity of as-fabricated carbon-based coatings were comparatively investigated. Results showed that the as-fabricated a-C:Si and a-C:Si:Al coatings were dominated by typical amorphous structure. The co-introduction of Al could effectively relax internal stress and improve adhesive strength as well as maintain the moderately high hardness for the as-fabricated coating. The striking improvement in tribological moisture sensitivity of a-C:Si:Al carbon-based coating was mainly attributed to the superior mechanical properties and the formation of continuously compacted graphitized tribofilm under low relative humidity condition as well as low shear strength colloidal silica tribofilm under high relative humidity condition. The good balance between the hardness and toughness, low internal stress, and superior low tribological moisture sensitivity of a-C:Si:Al coating make it a good candidate for solid lubricating coating in engineering applications.